Satellite Services Regulatory Issues and Broadband Internet Presenter: E. Kasule Musisi ITSO Consultant Email: kasule@datafundi.com Cell: +256 772 783 784 1
Presentation Outline 1. Broadband Basics Definition, Role, Fixed Services, Mobile Services 2. Demand for Broadband 3. Satellite Industry Overview Demand Drivers, Supply Drivers: Technology, Investment, Orbital Resources, Spectrum Resources 4. Broadband Infrastructure and Solutions 5. Application and Technology Trends and Standards Rationale for Satellite Hybrid satellites, HTS Satellite Component of IMT-Advanced 6. Regulatory Issues International: WRC -15 Outcomes ( in support of Satellite Broadband, WRC-19, Licensing Regimes, MSS regulation ( Inmarsat NRB 2016) National: 7. Addressing the Challenges ITU Studies, Broadband Development Agenda 2
What is broadband? Broadband, also referred to as wideband, is used frequently to indicate some form of high-speed access. Broadband is frequently used to indicate an Internet connection at 256 kbit/s in one or both directions. For the purpose of this presentation, the term broadband refers to data rates that correspond to the user rate of 2 Mbit/s and higher. 3
Social Economic Importance of Broadband There is general agreement around the world that Broadband: is an enabler for economic and social growth; is a tool for empowering people; creates an environment that nurtures the technological and service innovation and triggers positive change in business processes. Broadband has therefore become a key priority of the 21st Century. 4
Average penetration per 100 inhabitants Broadband Demand 1/4 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Developed World Developing 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 5
Broadband Demand 2/4 The transport and Logistics and emergency services sector are dependant on access to mobile broadband for their day to day operations. Journalists depend on portable and/or mobile broadband terminals to relay news from remote/disaster areas /war zones back to their headquarters. People all over the world are increasing being accustomed to having personal access to broadband on the move whether for work, leisure or security. 6
Broadband Demand 3/4 World Internet Penetration Rates By Geographical Regions 2010 North America 77.4% Oceania/Australia Europe 61.3% 58.4% Latin America/Caribbean Middle East 29.8% 34.5% Asia 21.5% Africa 10.9% World Average 28.7% Source: Internet World Stats-www.internetworldstats.com.stats.htm. Penetration rates are based on world population of 6,845,609,960 and 1,966,514, 816 estimated internet users on June 30, 2010 Copyright@2010, Miniwatts Marketing Group 7
Broadband Demand 4/4 Cost and Availability are the two main challenges to addressing the gap in broadband access especially in remote/rural areas The answer is to deploy a network that has wide coverage, is able to overcome long distances and inhospitable terrain and can be rapidly put in place. This is not an easy task. Satellite technology is ideally suited to achieve this task. 8
Broadband Satellite Broadband satellite also refers to systems that have the capability to receive and transmit rich media content from the satellite to the network end-users and between the end-users whether at home or in the office. Satellite broadband can also include a hybrid solution, where the middle mile is provided via satellite and extended to end-users via terrestrial IMT technologies. 9
Satellite Industry Overview 1/5 10
Satellite Industry Overview 2/5 11
Satellite Industry Overview 3/5 12
Satellite Industry Overview 4/5 Source: Satellite Industry Association (USA), September 2015 13
Satellite Industry Overview 5/5 Source: Satellite Industry Association (USA), September 2015 14
Satellite Infrastructure and Solutions 3/3 15
Applications, Technology Trends and Standards 2/7 For the provision of broadband at a large scale, a satellite option may make a lot of economic sense. At least two areas where sufficient progress has been made and that are helping in reducing the costs of satellite delivery are: use of spot beam technology (example: Ka band (HTS) High Throughput Satellite) and secondly, he use of hybrid technology that brings about synergy between terrestrial and satellite components for broadband delivery. 16
Applications, Technology Trends and Standards 3/7 On the hybrid technology front, the ITU Radiocommunication Bureau has developed detailed specifications of the radio interfaces for the satellite component of IMT-Advanced. 17
Applications, Technology Trends and Standards 4/7 Multiple Spot Beams multiple narrowly focused spot beams and frequency reuse makes the satellite capable of maximizing the available frequency for transmissions. Increasing bandwidth by a factor of 20 or more, as compared to traditional satellites translates into better efficiencies. Despite the higher costs associated with spot beam technology, the overall cost per circuit is considerably lower compared to shaped beam technology. 18
Applications, Technology Trends and Standards 5/7 HTS: Key Design Decisions: Spectrum Throughput Architecture Coverage Efficiency 19
Satellite Technology for Broadband 6/7 HTS can be developed in any frequency band: C, Ku, Ka. The frequency selection is driven by many considerations: Coverage and beam size Atmospheric conditions in the region that is being served Availability of a robust ecosystem of ground technologies 20
Applications, Technology Trends and Standards 7/7 High Frequency Re-use Factor (FRF) According to ITU studies, HTS satellites in the GSS orbit have an average Frequency Re-use Factor (FRF) of up 5 ( at specific orbital locations) as compare to an average of 1.5 convectional satellites 21
Global Broadband Satellite Network Scenarios 1/2 Access Network (end user <>edge) Content Distribution to the edge Core Network (Trunk Interconnect) Point-to-Point + Multicast Multicast Point-to-point e.g. ISP Links between continents Content LMDS ADSL PoP ADL: A symmetric digital subscriber line LMDS: Local point multipoint distribution system PoP: Point of Presence Source: Recommendation ITU-R S.1709-1 22
An example of IMT-Advanced system architecture using the SAT-OFDM 23
Regulatory Issues 1/5 WRC-15 dealt with ( and made resolutions) on some pressing issues concerning the use of orbit-spectrum resource that were not in line with international regulatory procedures; issues that affect availability of orbital resources for broadband services; issued that had the potential to block new broadband satellites that could be used to serve developing countries. WRC OUTCOMES W.R.T: Agenda Items 1.6 Agenda Item 9.2 24
Regulatory Issues 2/5 WRC-15: AGENDA ITEM 1.6 New Allocation for fixed satellite service in 13/14 GHz (WRC-15 Decision) (1/2) Bandwidth (MHz) Frequency bands (GHz) Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 Earth-to-space direction (Uplink) 12.7-12.75 50 13.75-14.5 750 750 750 14.5-14.75 (Res PLEN/1) 250 250 14.5-14.8 (RES PLEN/2) 300 Total spectrum in the uplink 1 000 1 050 1 050 Space-to-Earth direction (Downlink) 10.95-11.2 250 250 250 11.45-11.7 250 250 250 11.7-12.2 500 12.2-12.5 300 12.5-12.75 250 250 13.4-13.65 250 Total spectrum in the Downlink 1 000 1 050 1 050 25
Regulatory Issues 3/5 WRC-15: AGENDA ITEM 9.2 (Earth Station in Motion ESIM) RES COM5/2 WRC-15 agreed to facilitate the global deployment of Earth Stations In Motion (ESIM) in the 19.7-20.2 and 29.5-30.0 GHz frequency bands in the fixed-satellite service (FSS), paving the way for satellite systems to provide global broadband connectivity for the transportation community. Earth stations on-board moving platforms, such as ships, trains and aircraft, will be able to communicate with high power multiple spot beam satellites, allowing transmission rates in the order of 10-50 Mbits/s. 26
Regulatory Issues 4/5 Other WRC-15 Resolutions related to Satellite Broadband RESOLUTION COM6/21 (WRC-15):Facilitating access to broadband applications delivered by high-altitude platform stations: to study additional spectrum needs for gateway and fixed terminal links for HAPS to provide broadband connectivity in the fixed service taking into account RESOLUTION COM6/23 (WRC-15): Studies relating to spectrum needs and possible allocation of the frequency band 37.5-39.5 GHz to the fixedsatellite service: considering that: next-generation fixed-satellite service technologies for broadband will increase speeds (45 Mbps is already available), with faster rates expected in the near future; c) that technological developments such as advances in spot-beam technologies and frequency re-use are used by the fixed-satellite service (FSS) in spectrum above 30 GHz to increase the efficient use of spectrum; 27
National Licensing Regulatory Issues 5/5 -More spectrum Harmonisation across countries -More liberalisation -More standardisation Spectrum efficiency Need to allow services to serve national needs. Benefits are Immense -Less spectrum management for the Administrations -A standard and copyable approach to authorisations -Costs are less for operator and users(affordable equipment and broadband) -Deploying services to users is much quicker 28
Broadband Satellite Some Disadvantages (1/2) High Cost However. New satellites with high capacity of the order of 100 Gbit/s coupled with multiple beams and multiple gateways, is resulting in a 100 to 1 reduction in cost per Mbps when compared to the 1 Gbit/s Ku band conventional satellites. 29
Broadband Satellite Some Disadvantages (2/2) High Latency ( when using GEO Satellite's) However. Since latency is due to the distance between the satellites and the earth, satellites in lower earth orbits have less latency than geostationary satellite networks. 30
Addressing the challenges 1/2 Satellite Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) studies in ITU Studies on satellite BWA in ITU-R are carried out in Study Group 4 Working Party 4A- Efficient orbit/spectrum utilization for FSS and BSS Working Party 4B- Systems, air interfaces, performance and availability objectives for FSS, BSS and MSS, including IP based applications and Satellite News Gathering (SNG) Working Party 4C- Efficient orbit/spectrum utilization for MSS and Radio Determination Satellite Service (RDSS ) 31
Addressing the challenges 2/2 Recommendation ITU-R S.1782: Possibilities for global broadband Internet access by fixed-satellite service systems; Recommendation ITU-R S.1709-1: Technical characteristics of air interfaces for global broadband satellite systems; Recommendation ITU-R S.1711-1: Performance enhancements of transmission control protocol over satellite networks; Recommendation ITU-R S.1783: Technical and operational features characterizing high-density applications in the fixedsatellite service 32
Addressing the challenges 2/2 Three Standards have been developed: Internet Protocol over Satellite (IPoS) by TIA (Telecom Industry Association); Digital Video Broadcasting Satellite (DVB-S), interactive channel for satellite distribution systems by ETSI (European Telecommunication Standards Institute); Air interface specifications for global broadband communications between earth stations and regenerative satellites that is based on ETSI BSM/RSM-A (Broadband Satellite Multimedia/Regenerative Satellite Mesh). 33
Thank You! Questions? 34