Behavior Analysis and Eco feedback Angela Sanguinetti, PhD, BCBA UC Davis cenergi.ucdavis.edu
This talk My background: How I got to the other side Introduction to eco feedback Behavior analysis and eco feedback Past Present/Future Design behavior framework for effective eco feedback
My background CSU Stanislaus: MS Psychology Behavior Analysis UC Irvine School of Social Ecology: PhD Planning, Policy & Design Design Behavior Research UC Davis: Postdoc Research Behavioral Psychologist Institute of Transportation Studies Energy & Efficiency Institute
Consumer Energy Interfaces, UC Davis
Human Relationship with Energy
Human Relationship with Energy
Human Relationship with Energy People need to feel they are part of the broader natural world if they are to effectively address environmental issues. and view their welfare as related to the welfare of the natural world. ~Aldo Leopold (1949)
Broad scope of eco feedback applications
Broad scope of eco feedback applications
Early behavior analytic eco feedback research Runnion et al. (1978). Energy savings in interstate transportation through feedback and reinforcement. JOBM Winett, et al. (1979). Effects of self monitoring and feedback on residential electricity consumption. JABA Hayes, & Cone (1981). Reduction of residential consumption of electricity through simple monthly feedback. JABA Geller, et al. (1982). Environmental preservation: New strategies for behavior change. New York: Pergamon Press. Winett et al. (1982). The effects of videotape modeling and daily feedback on residential electricity conservation JABA
Recent behavior analytic eco feedback research Newsome, D. (2015). Driving green: Toward the prediction and influence of efficient driving behavior. UNR doctoral dissertation. Pritchard, J. (2010). Virtual rewards for driving green. The Behavior Analyst, 33(2), 185. Binder, K. (2016). Real time energy dashboards: Key to behavior change or waste of money? Poster, ABAI 2016. And me No occurrence of eco feedback in any behavioral analytic journal
Eco feedback frontiers (and funding opportunities)
Eco feedback frontiers (and funding opportunities): Smart home technology & HEMS
Internet of Things Smart Home Technology Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS)
HEMS research for PG&E Consumer Research Technology Inventory Industry Research Goal: Roadmap for Role of the Utility in HEM
HEMS research for PG&E Online survey Retailer research Product review analysis Goal: Understand HEMS Adoption
Stated vs. Revealed Values Underlying Adoption STATED in survey: REVEALED in observational research: Save money 83% Save energy 83% Improve comfort 50% Protect home 43%
Eco feedback frontiers (and funding opportunities): Energy and water reports
Energy and water report companies
Opower report Add classic opower image
Project Energy reports for small to medium businesses Pulse team: No social scientists Hired behavioral scientists as consultants Mission: Improve report effectiveness (>1% savings) Means: A/B testing, focus groups, interviews, usability testing with eye tracking, surveys, field experiments
Feedback
Tips
Sample A/B test Subject vs. action titles for tips
Project Home Water Reports, by WaterSmart Funded by CA Department of Water Resources ~100k households in two cities in CA: Modesto and Riverside
Feedback
Tips
Project Home Water Reports, by WaterSmart Funded by CA Department of Water Resources Two cities in CA: Modesto and Riverside Mission: Explore behavioral spillover from water to energy savings Means: Survey research, factor analysis
Energy & Water Saving Measure Classes Measure classes influenced by home water reports:
Opower tips Inventory behaviors Code by attributes Identify measure classes Apply insights Target Leverage Frame
Eco feedback frontiers: Environmental dashboards
WV Energy Dashboard (wved.ucdavis.edu)
WV Energy Dashboard (wved.ucdavis.edu)
Oberlin College: Birthplace of the Environmental Dashboard Lucid City wide dashboard
Public kiosks Partners UC Davis Energy Conservation Office Our campus dashboard: ceed.ucdavis.edu Sol Design Lab
Eco feedback frontiers for behavior analysis Smart home technology and HEMS Energy and water reports Energy dashboards
Design behavior framework
What makes eco feedback effective? Frequent Granular Comparisons Computerized
A design behavior framework Inventory eco feedback design dimensions with implications for behavior change Synthesize, clarify, expand, and organize Inclusive of the broad scope of eco feedback applications Connect design dimensions to their behavioral implications in a conceptual framework
Method
Articulate eco feedback design dimensions with implications for behavior change Froehlich (2009) Karlin et al. (2016) Wood and Newborough (2007) Fitzpatrick and Smith (2009) Sundramoorthy et al. (2011) Fischer (2008) Hermsen et al. (2016) Residential eco-feedback technology Residential energy feedback Residential energy inhome display Residential energy inhome display Residential energy inhome display Residential electricity feedback Feedback technologies to disrupt or change habitual behavior Frequency Presentation medium Measurement unit Recommending action Comparisons Data granularity Push/Pull Location Visual design Social sharing Frequency Medium Measurement Combination with other interventions Comparison Granularity Duration Place of display Motivational factor Display units Display methods Timescale Category Behavior and context Data feedback Metrics Frequency Granularity by utility Granularity by appliance Usage comparison Representations Device issues Form Location Engagement issues Baseline exploration Awareness Querying and diagnosing Design concerns for persuasive feedback Energy by type Measurement unit Measurement frequency Appliance monitoring Comparison Information sharing Energy saving tips Targets and alerts Display mechanism and visualization Design concerns for the home Home network Privacy Aesthetics, fitting and positioning, Holisitic applications Frequency Content Breakdown Presentation Inclusion of comparisons Combination with additional information and other instruments Sign Comparison Technology Timing Modality Frequency and duration Presentation
Map design dimensions on to their behavioral implications
Results