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EESTI KOTKA-AABITS

Eesti kotkastest ja must-toonekurest Kotkad ja inimesed on Eestis kõrvuti elanud aastatuhandeid. Samas, alles hiljuti oli näiteks merikotkas terves Euroopas välja suremas. Tänapäeval seevastu võib teda kohata isegi meie suurimate linnade kohal tiirlemas, näha kas või kontori aknast. Konnakotkad jahivad oma saaki põllumehest ja tema traktorist välja tegemata Kas kotkaste elutingimused on muutunud pöördumatult heaks? Kotkaste väljasuremise mitmes Euroopa riigis põhjustas röövlindude küttimine ja nende elupaikade hävitamine viimase paarisaja aasta jooksul (nn kullisõda) ning sellele lisandus keskkonnamürkide mõju alates möödunud sajandi keskpaigast. Must-toonekure arvukuse allakäigu peamiseks põhjuseks peetakse samuti elupaikade vaesestumist. Kotkaste edukas pesitsemine on märk ümbritseva looduse elurikkusest. Eestimaa looduses leidub veel varjulisi pelgupaiku, sellepärast pesitseb meil ka kuus liiki kotkaid ja must-toonekurg. Võrreldes paljude teiste Euroopa riikidega võime sellise rikkuse üle uhked olla. Meie kauged esivanemad, nagu muudki põlisrahvad, suhtusid kotkastesse ning must-toonekurge lugupidamisega ja ilmselt seetõttu on neist tänapäeval kujunenud olulised looduskaitse sümbolid. Eestis kuuluvad need aukartust äratavad linnud rangeimalt kaitstavate liikide hulka. Eesti kotkaste parema käekäigu nimel tegutseb vabaühendus Kotkaklubi. Ühenduse eesmärgiks on, et kotkad ja must-toonekurg ilmestaksid meie maastikke ka tulevikus Shortly about Estonia and the Eagles Estonia is a small country situated on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. It can be characterised as relatively flat, with a long and extended shore line, many islands and islets in the coastal sea, an abundance of lakes and mires, a high proportion of forest landscape and low density of human population. This all contributes to a high level of natural diversity, which provides space for many large and human-shy birds, among them the eagles and Black Stork. Our ancestors respected eagles and therefore these species have been taken as symbols of nature conservation today. In Estonia the Black Stork and all the eagle species belong into the highest conservation category. The eagles don t tolerate human-caused disturbance near their nest sites. The Eagle Club is an NGO working with the conservation and research of the eagles and Black Stork in Estonia. The aim of their activity is to ensure that silhouettes of eagles and Black Storks continue to grace our landscapes in the future

Foto: Markus Varesvuo Merikotkas Haliaeetus albicilla Põhja-Euroopa suurima ja vähem pelgliku röövlinnuna on ta hästi tuntud, sest satub oma saagijahil sageli inimeste vaatevälja. Eelkõige võib teda kohata Eesti läänerannikul või sisemaa suuremate veekogude läheduses. White-tailed Eagle The biggest bird of prey in Northern Europe. Not very shy and will quite often appear in the field of view. Most numerous in western Estonia along the sea-shore and near larger inland water bodies. Kaljukotkas Aquila chrysaetos Eesti kõige inimpelglikuma kotkana on ta iseloomulik liik suurematele metsa- ja soomassiividele. Võimalus kaljukotkast looduses näha on väike, sest ta märkab inimest juba kaugelt ning ettevaatliku linnuna lendab eemale. Kullisõja aegadel pidasid jahimehed teda oma suurimaks konkurendiks. Golden Eagle As the shyest among the eagles, it holds to the larger natural landscapes (mires, bogs mixed with forest). In the past, during the hawk war, the Golden Eagle was considered the biggest competitor for the hunters and was therefore persecuted. It is always difficult to see the Golden Eagle in the wild, because the eagle s eyesight is much better than ours and they prefer to avoid us... Foto: Markus Varesvuo

Kalakotkas Pandion haliaetus Kalakotkas elab Eestis peamiselt sisemaa kalarikaste veekogude lähistel, eriti Ida- ja Lõuna-Eestis. Tähelepanelikule õngemehele peaks meie väikseim kotkas olema teada kui osav kalamees. Foto: Sven Zacek Osprey Breeds near inland water bodies rich in fish. Hunts often on fishponds. The experienced fishermen know our smallest eagle due its skilful foraging behaviour. Madukotkas Circaetus gallicus Eesti lühike suvi ja kesine roomajate valik pole madukotkale pesitsemiseks soodsad. Vaatamata sellele kohtab teda igal aastal näiteks Loode - Eestis ja Saaremaal. Short-toed Eagle The comparatively short summer and shortage of reptiles (as the main prey) in Estonia make unsuitable breeding conditions for this eagle species here. Nevertheless, every year Short-toed Eagles appear in certain places and probably even breed here. Foto: John Muddeman

Väike-konnakotkas Aquila pomarina Väike-konnakotkas on meie arvukaim kotkaliik, kelle asustustihedus on kõige suurem Lõuna-Eesti mosaiiksetel maastikel. Niidetavate jõeluhtade hooletussejätmise tõttu on ta viimastel kümnenditel kohastunud elama põllumajandusmaastikul. Lesser Spotted Eagle Foto: Arne Ader Our most numerous eagle species. Prefers mosaic landscapes in southern and central Estonia. As the former main feeding biotope - regularly-mowed floodplain meadows - have gradually declined, this eagle has adapted to less intensive agricultural landscapes. Suur-konnakotkas Aquila clanga Suur-konnakotkas on üks ohustatumaid kotkaliike terves Euroopas. Erinevalt teistest Eesti kotkastest on ta tänapäeval väljasuremisohus. Pesitseb suuremate jõgede äärsetes soistes vanades metsades. Foto: Markus Varesvuo Greater Spotted Eagle One of the most endangered eagle species in the whole of Europe, and with high extinction risk also today. Breeds in old swampy forests near rivers and floodplains.

Must-toonekurg Ciconia nigra Kuigi must-toonekurg pole kotkas, sarnanevad nende nõudmised elupaigale, ja seega ka kaitsemeetmed. Pelgliku loomuga toonela lind hoidub inimestest eemale. Juhuslikult võib teda kohata metsaojalt lendu tõusmas või tiirutamas põlislaante kohal. Eestis, leviku põhjapiiril, on must-toonekure pesapaigad jaotunud ebaühtlaselt. Kui varem oli asustustihedus kõrgem Alutagusel ja Kesk-Eestis, siis viimasel ajal pesitseb suurem osa asurkonnast Pärnuja Saaremaal. Must-toonekurg pole esindatud fi lmis Eesti kotkad, küll aga fi lmis Kotkaste seire ja multimeediaprogrammis. Foto: Mati Kose Black Stork Although not an eagle, its ecology and needs for the nest-site are very similar to the eagles. Therefore the conservation measures are similar. It holds far from human settlements and was considered a sacred bird by ancient Estonians. With luck, one can observe the Black Stork rising from a forest ditch or gliding above the forest landscape. In Estonia, which is the northern border of its breeding area, it is distributed unevenly. Some decades ago the most densely inhabited areas were eastern and central Estonia; now a larger part of the population breeds in western Estonia and on the islands. KOTKAKLUBI

Kotka-aabitsa sisu DVD-l on kolm osa: Eesti kotkad DVD-video Tutvustab kõigi meie kotkaste elu looduses. Subtiitrid inglise, vene, saksa ja prantsuse keeles. Kotkaste seire DVD-video Tutvustab kotkaste ja must-toonekure uurimist ning seiret Eestis. Subtiitrid inglise, vene, saksa ja prantsuse keeles. Teejuht kotkaste maailma DVD-ROM Multimeediaprogrammi saab kasutada vaid arvutis ja see sisaldab järgmist illustreeritud materjali kotkaste ja must-toonekure kohta (eesti ja inglise keeles): Välistunnused ja määramine Levik Pesitsemine Saagijaht ja saak Ränne Arvukus aastal 2005 ja selle muutused Eestis Content of ABC of Estonian Eagles DVD includes three chapters: Eagles of Estonia DVD-video Introduces all our eagle species in their wild environment. With subtitles in English, Russian, German and French. Eagle monitoring in Estonia DVD-video Introduces the research and monitoring of Eagles and Black Stork in Estonia, and the Eagle Club. Subtitles in English, Russian, German and French. Eagle Guide DVD-ROM The program can only be opened in a PC, and contains illustrated information about Eagles and Black Stork in Estonia (in Estonian and in English): Description and field identification Distribution Breeding Foraging and prey Migration The current (2005) numbers and trends in Estonia

Eagles of Estonia