How to Help Your Child With Mathematics Calculations in KS2

How to Help Your Child With Mathematics Calculations in KS2

Getting Involved As well as the calculations we are looking at tonight, you can help your child by including maths in the conversations you have with your children. You can do this in two simple ways: by doing everyday tasks together, e.g. measuring ingredients, working out change playing games with your children particularly games that use counters, dice, playing cards and paper money and which create opportunities for talk.

Adding Two Digit Numbers Children can use base 10 equipment to support their addition strategies by using counting, e.g. 34 + 29 63

Adding Two Digit Numbers with Exchange Children can support their own calculations by using jottings, e.g. 34 + 29 63 Try this one: 25 + 37

Adding Three Digit Numbers This works for numbers including hundreds, e.g. 122 + 217 339

Beginning Column Addition + T U 6 7 2 4 1 1 8 0 9 1 Add the units first, then the units (using the base 10 equipment to help if needed). Try this one: 56 + 38

Continuing Column Addition e.g. 164 + 257 H T U 421

Efficient Column Addition + H T U 1 6 4 2 5 7 4 1 2 1 1 Try this one: 156 + 238

Taking Away Two Digit Numbers Children can use base 10 equipment to support their subtraction strategies by using counting, e.g. 54 23 31

Taking Away Two Digit Numbers Where the equipment is not available, children can use jottings, e.g. 54 23 31 Try this one: 68-22

Exchange Down Start with 3 ten rods each from the Base 10 equipment. Take it in turns to roll a dice and subtract that many from the rods, exchanging when there are not enough units. The winner is the first person to reach 0.

Taking Away Two Digit Numbers (Exchange) Children can use base 10 equipment to support their subtraction strategies by using counting, e.g. 54 28 26

Taking Away Two Digit Numbers (Exchange) Where the equipment is not available, children can use jottings, e.g. 54 28 26 Try this one: 63-35

Beginning Column Subtraction

Recorded by the Children As: 80 6-20 3 60 3 = 63 Try this one: 95-32

Beginning Column Subtraction (Exchange)

Recorded by the Children As: 70 80 13-20 6 50 7 = 57 Try this one: 92-35

Continuing Column Subtraction e.g. 321-157 H T U 200 110 300 20 11-100 50 7 100 60 4 = 164

Efficient Decomposition H T U - 2 11 1 3 2 1 1 5 7 1 6 4 Try this one: 265-76

Beginning Number Lines When children start working with larger numbers, they may use the base 10 to make lines (it s quicker than using individual cubes!), e.g. 61 52. Children need to know to use this method when the numbers are close together. 52 61 Try this one: 58-49

Consolidating Number Lines 102 89 +1 +10 +2 89 90 100 102 102 89 = 1 + 10 + 2 = 13 Try this one: 113-95

Multiplication - Tables Expectations Year 2 2 x 5 x 10 x Year 3 As year 2, and: 3 x 4 x 6 x Year 4 All tables up to 10 x 10

Multiplication as an Array Children need to understand how arrays link to multiplication through repeated addition and be able to create their own arrays. 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12 4 + 4 + 4 = 12 Try this one: 6 x 4

Continuation of Arrays Creating own arrays: 4 x 7 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 4 x 7 = 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 = 28 Try this one: 8 x 3

Arrays to the Grid Method 10 6 7 70 42

Grid Method 10 6 7 70 42 70 + 42 112 Try this one: 17 x 8

Grid Method 10 8 100 10 100 80 + 80 + 70 7 70 56 + 56 306

Grid Method Children have to develop their understanding of related facts. e.g. 23 x 35 x 20 3 30 5 600 90 100 15 + 600 100 90 15 805 Try this one: 17 x 18

Grid Method Decimal Numbers Grid method can also be used to solve calculations involving decimal numbers, e.g. 2.3 x 3.5 x 2 0.3 3 0.5 6 1 0.9 0.15 + 6.0 0.9 1.0 0.15 8.05 Try this one: 1.7 x 2.8

Division: Grouping with Remainders Children need to understand that division calculations sometimes have remainders, e.g. 13 4. Try this one: 23 6 3 remainder 1

Division with Remainders Children need to know whether the remainder needs to be rounded up or down depending on the question. Free CD with every 4 tokens I have 14 tokens. How many free CDs can I get? 3 The netball team are playing at another school. There are 14 girls playing and every car can take 4 girls. How many cars will be needed? 4

Division by Chunking Recall of multiplication tables helps make this method more efficient, e.g. 72 3. Try this one: 84 4 3 - - - - 24 72 30 42 30 12 6 6 6 0 10x 10x 2x 2x 1x 3 2x 6 5x 15 10x 30 Children should write key facts in a menu box. This will help them in identifying the largest group they can subtract in one chunk.

Division by Chunking To make this method more efficient, the key facts in the menu box should be extended to include 4x and 20x, e.g. 196 6. 6 - - - 32 196 120 76 60 16 12 4 r4 20x 10x 2x 1x 6 2x 12 4x 24 5x 30 10x 60 20x 120 Try this one: 184 7

Division by Chunking Children may continue to jot the menu box for as long as they find it useful. Children should be encouraged to use higher multiples of the divisor, e.g. 523 14 14 - - - 37 r5 523 420 103 70 33 28 5 30x 5x 2x

Key Messages Giving your children a positive attitude to learning is something every parent can do no hangups! Talk to your children during every day tasks and encourage them to see the mathematics in them link it to real life. Don t shy away from maths, even if you didn t like it at school, playing games goes a long way to support their learning make it fun!