Strengthening capacity for climate technology knowledge transfer & absorption Ambuj Sagar Vipula and Mahesh Chaturvedi Professor of Policy Studies Indian Institute of Technology Delhi UNFCCC TEC Workshop Strengthening national systems of innovation in developing countries Bonn, Germany; October 13, 2014
Climate technology knowledge : Knowledge required to absorb/adapt climate technologies and deploy them at scale innovation AND diffusion Successful innovation and diffusion requires addressing not just technology (availability and operation) but also economics, finance, markets/demand, and policy (i.e., supply, demand, and facilitation) in local context Local human, organizational, and institutional capabilities are key
Climate-technology transitions: Figure 5. Multi-level perspective on transitions (adapted from Geels 2002, 1263). [Schot and Geels (2008)]
Technology absorption, adaptation & demonstration: Proof of applicability and utility Technology absorbed and adapted for local use conditions and user preferences Manufacturers and early adopters willing to consider technology because of its technical performance and/or economic feasibility [Mathur and Sagar (2014)]
Technology absorption, adaptation & demonstration: Proof of applicability and utility Technology absorption/adaptation - Suzlon licensing arrangement with Südwind for wind turbines; BHEL licensing from Siemens for supercritical boilers - Moser Baer technology partnership with Applied Materials for solar PV; assistance from TI for LED heat sink design and integration - MNC subsidiaries adapting refrigerators for local conditions - Suzlon purchase of REPower; Moser Baer investment in Solaria Demonstration programs BEE voluntary appliance label program
Early market: Proof of deployment model(s) Establishment of commercial potential Standardization of technical designs contracting procedures, financing approaches operation of technology [Mathur and Sagar (2014)]
Early market: Proof of deployment model(s) Illustration of deployment approaches Suzlon s captive generation/buy-back projects Policies to help create markets/exploit niche markets Capital subsidy for wind-turbine; Feed-in tariff for solar Performance risk guarantee for commercial energy-efficient equipment loans (with GEF) Support for business and technical activities CLASP and SEAD assistance for designing energy-efficient appliance labeling and standards program Japanese assistance for design of RFPs for supercritical boiler tenders
Large-scale adoption Technology established in market Manufacturing at scale; supply chains; full operations and maintenance support Policy support for largescale diffusion (e.g., standards, regulations) Capital for establishing manufacturing plants [Mathur and Sagar (2014)]
Knowledge transfer and absorption: Happens in many dimensions through many routes - Firm > firm (licensing, collaboration, joint ventures on technical issues) - Govt agency > govt agency (collaborative programs) - Think tanks/research organizations/intermediary organizations > govt agencies (knowledge sharing of policy experiences and program design)...
Strengthening national capacity: National systems of innovation: actors with linkages embedded in institutional context Strengthening needed on multiple dimensions (actors, linkages, and institutions) technical, business model development, appropriate policy support, human resources technical capabilities key (new forms of international collaboration) Coordination between various activities and actors for various stages of innovation (CIC approach) Actors with systems perspective and coordination role ( systems operators ) industrialized & developing countries Strategic approach to climate technology deployment Policy design and implementation
International technology facilitation landscape Research Development Demonstration Market formation Diffusion 300 chairs ICSU AU s PAU centres NEPAD Biosciences Hubs FAO/IAEA WHO/IAEA OECD-NEA 30 research centres Barefoot College UNESCO National committees IPCC IAEA TDTNet ECA ESCWA UN-W ESCAP program on technology incubators WFEO AATF AP Technology Development Fund ETC Ocean acidification int l coordination centre Prolinnova network Practical Action NGO ARDI BVHG WIPO Research4Life CSTD Gates Foundation UNDP World Bank WIPO AREA Business associations APCTT TDTNet ECA ESCAP UN-W DESA AfDB Alliance for a Green Revolution Technology4SME CAPSA APCAEM ITPOs ITCs NCPCs UNIDO CSSIC RECP infodev Business incubation program ASPI Gendered Innovations APCTT ADB LDC tech bank & mechanism UN-W World Bank WIPO ESCAP ECE ESCWA ECLAC UNFCCC UNIDO UNEP IMO ITU ECA UNDP UNCTAD OHRLLS IAEA TISCs RET-Bank SPECA ETC AIDMO TEC and CTCN AIT, TERI, ECN, Risoe, GIZ GESAMP 700 ICT sector members UNCDF CSTD CBD UNOPS [UN (2012)]
International technology capability landscape World Development Indicators database
International technology capability landscape World Development Indicators database; UNESCO
Strengthening national capacity: National systems of innovation: actors with linkages embedded in institutional context Strengthening on multiple dimensions - technical, business model development, appropriate policy support, human resources technical capabilities key (new forms of international collaboration?) - Coordination between various activities and actors for various stages of innovation (CIC approach) - Actors with systems perspective and coordination role ( systems operators ) - Strategic approach to climate technology deployment - Policy design and implementation Strengthening in developing and industrialized countries
Comments/Suggestions/Questions: asagar@hss.iitd.ac.in