ME 114 Computer Aided Engineering Drawing - II Nonthreaded Fasteners & Springs Asst.Prof.Dr.Turgut AKYÜREK Çankaya University, Ankara
Nonthreaded Fasteners Mechanical devices used to prevent motion between mating parts. Pins Keys Rivets Retaining Rings Washers Another type of nonthreaded fastener, used; Distribute loads to lock fasteners or to provide a smooth surface for a fastener to span oversize holes Nominal size Basic outside diameter Basic thicknes size 2/51
Washer Types Plain (Flat) washers Type A a series of steel washers with broad tolerances satisfactory for most assemblies Type B higher quality Spring and locking washers Spring lock washers Helical spring washers are made of slightly trapezoidal wire formed into a one-coil helix The washer acts as a spring when bolt tension is reduced. Bolt tension is maintained by the washer's expansion. Internal/external tooth lock washers add spring take-up to the screw elongation increase frictional resistance under the screw head or nut face 3/51
Washers ANSI Metric Plain Washer Appendix 41 4/51
Washers ANSI Type A Plain Washers Appendix 42 5/51
Washers ANSI Type A Plain Washers Appendix 43 6/51
Washers ANSI Type B Plain Washers Appendix 44 7/51
Washers ANSI Type B Plain Washers Appendix 44 8/51
Washers Appendix 45 ANSI Helical Spring Lock Washers 9/51
Washers Appendix 46 ANSI Internal and External Tooth Lock Washers 10/51
MACHINE PINS and RIVETS Machine pins include taper pins, straight pins, dowel pins, clevis pins, and cotter pins. For light work, taper pins can be used to fasten hubs or collars to shafts. Taper Pin Note that the rectangular view of each rivet shows the shank of the rivet with both heads made with circular arcs, and the circular view of each rivet is represented by only the outside circle of the head. 11/51
Pins Dowel pins Straight pins Clevis pins Groved pins Taper pins Cotter pins 12/51
Pins Dowel Pins Dowel-pins are used either to retain parts in a fixed position or to preserve alignment. 13/51
Pins Appendix 52 Dowel Pins 14/51
Pins Straight Pins Appendix 52 Straight pins are used when extreme accuracy is required. 15/51
Pins Taper Pins Most commonly used pin for average machine work Appendix 52 16/51
Pins Cotter Pins The cotter pins have a T-head and the studs a round head. Both pins and studs have three equally spaced longitudinal grooves and an expanded diameter over the crests of the raised ridges formed by the material displaced when the grooves are formed. Appendix 53 17/51
Pins Clevis Pins Appendix 53 18/51
Pins Grooved Pins These pins have three equally spaced longitudinal grooves and an expanded diameter over the crests of the ridges formed by the material displaced when the grooves are produced. 19/51
KEYS Keys are used to prevent movement between shafts and wheels, couplings, cranks, and similar machine parts attached to or supported by shafts. Typical specifications for keys are 20/51
Keys Keys are used to attach two components, such as a shaft and hub, to transmit power to gears, pulleys, and other mechanical devices. Keys are placed into a keyseat, which is a groove cut into the shaft. The shaft and key are inserted into the hub of the mechanical component, such as a gear or wheel, by aligning the key with the keyway grove cut into the hub. 21/51
Keys Plain (Square) Key Gib Head Key Pratt & Whitney Key Woodruff Key 22/51
Keys ME 114 Computer ANSI Key Aided Size Engineering vs Shaft Drawing Diameter II Nonthreaded for Fasteners Plain (Square) & Springs Keys 23/51
Keys Dimensions for Pratt & Whitney Keys 24/51
Keys ANSI Keyseat Dimensions for Woodruff Keys ME 114 Computer Appendix Aided Engineering 47 Drawing II Nonthreaded Fasteners & Springs 25/51
Keys ANSI Keyseat Dimensions for Woodruff Keys Appendix 47 26/51
Keys ANSI Standard Woodruff Keys Appendix 48 27/51
Keys ANSI Standard Woodruff Keys ME 114 Computer Appendix Aided Engineering 48 Drawing II Nonthreaded Fasteners & Springs 28/51
Keys Key Size vs Shaft Diameter-Keysize Keyway Depth Appendix 49 29/51
Keys ANSI Standard Plain and Gib Head Keys Plain (Square) Key Gib Head Key ME 114 Computer Appendix Aided Engineering 50 Drawing II Nonthreaded Fasteners & Springs 30/51
MACHINE PINS and RIVETS Machine pins include taper pins, straight pins, dowel pins, clevis pins, and cotter pins. For light work, taper pins can be used to fasten hubs or collars to shafts. Taper Pin Note that the rectangular view of each rivet shows the shank of the rivet with both heads made with circular arcs, and the circular view of each rivet is represented by only the outside circle of the head. 31/51
Rivets Rivets are metal pins with a head and are used to attach assembled parts permanently. Rivets are widely used in aircarfts, bridges, ships, boilers. 32/51
Rivet Symbols Because many engineering structures are too large to be built in the shop, they are built in the largest units possible and then are transported to the desired location. Trusses are common examples. The rivets driven in the shop are called shop rivets, and those driven on the job are called field rivets. 33/51
Rivets Rivet Symbols Used on Engineering Drawings 34/51
Rivets ANSI Small Rivets B18.1 (<7/18 ) 35/51
Rivets ANSI Large Rivets B18.1.2 (1/2-1 3/4 ) 36/51
Rivets 37/51
Rivets 38/51
Rivets 39/51
Rivets 40/51
Retaining Rings The purpose of a retaining ring is to act as an artificial shoulder that will retain an object in a housing (internal ring) or on a shaft (external ring). Two types of retaining ring are common, the stamped ring and the spiral-wound ring. 41/51
Retaining Rings Metric Tapered Retaining Rings - Basic Internal Series 42/51
Retaining Rings Metric Tapered Retaining Rings - Basic Internal Series 43/51
Retaining Rings ME 114 Computer Aided Engineering E Ring Drawing External II Nonthreaded Series Fasteners & Springs 44/51
Retaining Rings External Spiral Retaining Rings Internal Spiral Retaining Rings 45/51
SPRINGS A spring is a mechanical device designed to store energy when deflected and to return the equivalent amount o f energy when released, ANSI Y14.13M. Springs are commonly made of spring steel, which may be musicwire, hard-drawn wire, or oil-tempered wire. Other materials used for compression springs include stainless steel, beryllium copper, and phosphor bronze. Urethane plastic is used in applications where conventional springs would be affected by corrosion, vibration, or acoustic or magnetic forces. Steps in Detailed Representation of Spring Springs. Norton, Robert L., Machine Design: An Integrated Approach, 3rd, 2006. Printed and electronically reproduced by permission of Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.) 46/51
Springs Springs are mechanical devices that expand or contract due to pressure or force. Springs mostly have helix form. Types: compression, tension, extension, flat, constant form. 47/51
Springs Representing Springs Springs are reprsented either in detail or in schematic form. 48/51
Springs Types of Helical Compression Spring Ends 49/51
Springs Extension Springs 50/51
English Turkish Dictionary Nonthreaded Fasteners Dişsiz bağlama elemanları spring yay pin pim key kama rivet perçin washer Rondela, pul Lock washer Kilit rondela Plain washer Düz rondela Dowel pin Sabitleme pimi Clevis pin Çatal mafsal pimi Grooved pin Oluklu pim Taper pin Konik pim Cotter pin Maşalı pim, kopilya key kama keyseat Kama yatağı keyway Kama yuvası hub göbek gear dişli Retaining ring Tespit bileziği (segmanı) Stamped ring Pul segman Spiral wound ring Spiral sargı segman 51/51