MARKING GUIDELINE NATIONAL CERTIFICATE (VOCATIONAL) NQF LEVEL 4 NOVEMBER 2009 This memorandum consists of 11 pages.
(MARKING GUIDELINE) -2- NC1920(E)(N25)V QUESTION 1: ENGINEERING PROFESSION 1.1 Bio fuels 1.2 Wind energy Solar (sun) energy Running water / mill / hydro-electric energy Geothermal energy (ANY ONE) 1.3 Take a shower instead of a bath Loading washing machines to the full as possible Fix plumbing problems (leaking) as soon as possible Don t dump dirty water and other waste into rivers and dams When we use water places (rivers, dams and lakes) for recreation we should not leave any trace of rubbish around or dump rubbish into the water (ANY ONE) 1.4 Crop rotation Polyculture Trap crops and beneficial weeds (ANY ONE) 1.5 Flammable the waste burns quickly and can cause fires easily Oxidising rust is a form of oxidising Corrosive causes chemical reactions that eat away at metals or living tissue Toxic poisonous and can make people and animals sick and even cause death Explosive - can cause explosions when they come in contact with fire (ANY ONE) 1.6 Damage a person s blood Cause sickness Cause cancer Cause death Affect unborn babies physically and mentally (ANY ONE) 1.7 Contamination of groundwater Contamination of dams Contamination of streams Contamination of catchment areas (ANY ONE)
(MARKING GUIDELINE) -3- NC1920(E)(N25)V 1.8 It will strengthen enthusiasm towards your work and others It will boost your creativity and enable you to improve your productivity It will help you to make the most of your personality (ANY TWO) 1.9 About rate of pay About work responsibilities About a variety of tasks Promotional opportunities The work itself About co-workers (ANY ONE) 1.10 A fight with a family member Worry about a sick family member If a family member is in serious trouble (ANY ONE) 1.11 Internet forums blogs 1.12 Defacing the landscape and vegetation Transportation congestion and destruction of roads Noise disturbance 1.13 Impact study on the area Local authority regulations Legislation Possible air and water pollution Formal and informal settlements Waste water distribution and management Industrial effluent Handling of waste products (ANY TWO) 1.14 A professional body is an organisation that is formed to support a particular profession and to protect the professionals and the public they serve 1.15 The South African Institute of Draughting
(MARKING GUIDELINE) -4- NC1920(E)(N25)V 1.16 The ability to apply proven, commonly understood techniques, procedures, practices and codes in support of engineering activities The ability to manage and supervise engineering operations, construction and activities The ability to work independently and responsibly within an allocated area or under guidance of an engineer or technologist A working understanding of engineering sciences underlying the techniques use, together with financial,legal, health safety and environmental methodologies (ANY TWO) 1.17 They exist to improve the engineering profession by spreading technical knowledge. They look after the interests of the public by ensuring that engineers are properly qualified, and follow the codes of conduct. They look after the interest of engineers.this means that they may act to help in law suits or other serious instances concerning the reputation of the engineering profession. They provide professional certification for engineers. They ensure that the standards of engineering training institutions are high. They have codes of conduct in which the roles, responsibilities and guidelines for the societies members are described. The professional 0r regulatory body also represents it's own self interest: the organisations act to maintain their own privileged and powerful position as a controlling body. (ANY THREE). [25] QUESTION 2: THE FUNCTION, PHILOSOPHY AND PROCESS OF ENGINEERING DESIGN 2.1 From written material From the internet Speaking to other people who have the need or problem DVD S Videos Libraries Journals Catalogues Expert opinions (ANY FOUR)
(MARKING GUIDELINE) -5- NC1920(E)(N25)V 2.2 Design brief identify requirements Specifications list criteria Research investigate existing materials, products and processes and follow up this research Design ideas think of many possible designs Development work out what works best and add improvements Final design produce a plan of how the object will look Making make the object Evaluation test the object to determine whether it meets the specifications (ANY FOUR) OR Identify the need or the problem Define the problem Research the problem or need Develop solutions Analyse and select a solution Build a prototype Test and evaluate your solution Present results OR Identify and define the problem Do research into possible solutions Generate concept resolutions Select the best concept Design and test the chosen concept Produce and sell the product (ANY FOUR) (ANY FOUR )
(MARKING GUIDELINE) -6- NC1920(E)(N25)V 2.3 In problem definition - sometimes aiming too high results in the product being too ex pensive to develop In research and information - being unaware of new developments in a field can result in designs not being optimal In concept generation by not following concept generation or not generating enough concepts could result in innovative solutions to the problem being overlooked Concept selection is the ;last step before most of the work performed on a design because of this, the choice of the best possible concept is particularly important Without prototyping and testing during the design phase, it would be impossible to know whether the final model will function as intended and could also be costly once full time production has started A design team may have to communicate with other teams as it is important that all teams follow the same process and so know what the other team is doing Engineers need to be up to date with the latest developments in technology as products getting on the market too late are often the direct result of poor deign process If they do not follow the design process by using the latest concepts in modern technology of which parts which are better and cheaper the product can be b out of date before it even enter the market A lot of decisions have to be made very quickly every day. The engineering design process have built-in methods that help engineers to make decisions. Not following the process can lead to poor decisionmaking (ANY FOUR) 2.4 Mathematical models Simulations Physical models Software model or Computer model (ANY THREE) 2.5 Prototypes are used to demonstrate the functioning of a product before production commences and are often constructed several times during a design
(MARKING GUIDELINE) -7- NC1920(E)(N25)V 2.6 Mathematical modelling simply uses equations and theoretical predictions to predict certain quantities. In a sense, even simple engineering design that must comply to specifications is mathematical modelling Simulations are an extension of mathematical models, implemented in special packages.in simulations the product is typically represented by some computer model, which is subjected to the conditions expected to be found in the operation of the product. for example simulating the behaviour of an aircraft in flight Physical models are models that are physically constructed for testing purposes.. They include scale models, prototypes and mock ups Software modelling is sometimes called 'Computer modelling'. You can get computer programs that can take all your design calculations and work out the design. It will even show a picture of your product on the screen of the computer (ANY TWO) 2.7 The software model is used for complicated designs where there are many variables, some of which are outside the design. An example is the wind speed and direction in aeroplane design. The results are immediately given by the computer and the appearance and behaviour of the product is shown. 2.8 Mock ups are used to show what a product will look like, to demonstrate it's size, layout and other physical properties. Examples of this would be the concept that automotive manufacturers display at motor shows [25] QUESTION 3: COMMUNICATION IN ENGINEERING 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 AB Acceleration BC Constant velocity CD Deceleration
(MARKING GUIDELINE) -8- NC1920(E)(N25)V 3.2 (6) 3.3 Models are useful to give a sense of proportion. To show how one part fits or moves against another. Also useful in showing up faults in your designs. (Any TWO) 3.4 3.5 Polystryrene Balsa wood Wire Rods (Any THREE) A block diagram is a pictorial model of a process of system. A flow chart is a schematic representation of an algorithm of a process. A logical network is a representation of a physical network, showing the data flow in the network. (Any ONE)
(MARKING GUIDELINE) -9- NC1920(E)(N25)V 3.6 3.7 3.8 Individual report Formal report Legal report General report Reporting research findings Simple technical information reports Technical evaluation reports Technical recommendation reports Technical manuals and instructions (Any THREE) [25]
(MARKING GUIDELINE) -10- NC1920(E)(N25)V QUESTION 4: COMPUTATION 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Memory while processing data and instruction, computers need to store certain portions of this information in a location where it can be accessed frequently and quickly. Disk storage to save your work when the computer is turned off, you need to save it onto a disk. Hard disk are non-volatile storage devices that store data on rotating platters with magnetic surfaces. Optical storage is a disk drive that uses laser light to read and write data. Flash memory is a type of memory that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. (Any THREE) Input devices all data that is fed into a computer. Output devices the information that a computer produces. High-level computer programme language is a programming language that is far removed from machine code, and therefore more hardware independent. Low-level computer programme language is a language that provides little or no abstraction from a computer s micro process. A list of data can be sorted, filtered and summarised. Data can be converted into a graphical chart. Macros can be created to automate procedures to one mouse or keyboard activity. To draw a design of, for example, make a drawing of a machine component. As a means of communicating information effectively. As a representation of a process, for example, an electrical diagram, hydraulic diagram, a process diagram. Different layers is necessary Before Sketch the graph or chart Select the paper size and scale Choose the lettering styles for notes and labels. Choose fill patterns Assign pen numbers for colour graphs and charts Assign commencing think carefully through the steps you will use to draw the graph or chart. (6) (7)
(MARKING GUIDELINE) -11- NC1920(E)(N25)V 4.7.1 4.7.2 True True [25] TOTAL: 100