Name: Date Completed: Activity 3.3.1 Joinery, Fastener, Adhesive, Welding & Bonding Identification Introduction When you look at a fine piece of furniture, such as a chair with many different parts, it is sometimes hard to determine how the pieces were put together. The same is true of a wooden candlestick holder that has been made by joining many different pieces of wood and then turning the candlestick on a wood lathe to look like a single piece of wood. How does someone securely join the wooden components together? How does someone decide on which method of joinery is best for the application? How do people determine whether they should use hardware, such as nails, adhesive, such as glue, interlocking wood joints, or a combination of those? All of the questions will begin to be answered as you study about the various wood joinery techniques used in basic materials processing. This knowledge will be helpful when you disassemble a product to see how it works. By thoroughly understanding wood joinery techniques, you can understand how a product was designed and made; if you are lucky, you may be able to prevent damage to the product as it is disassembled. In the Activity 3.3.1 Joinery, Fastener, Adhesive, Welding & Bonding Identification, you will learn about various wood fasteners and adhesives. In Wood Joinerm Identification, you learned about how woods are joined using such joints as a dovetail, Mortise and tenon, or miter joint. These joints, depending on how they will be used, require the use of fasteners and adhesives when assembled. Depending on how a product needs to be assembled, there are many types of wood fasteners and adhesives that can applied. The type of fastener or adhesive used often depends on how the product will be used as well as whether it is designed to be taken apart easily. By your thorough understanding wood of fasteners and adhesives, product assembly or disassembly can be accomplished. You will classify various wood fasteners and adhesives used in basic materials processing. This knowledge will be helpful when you disassemble a product to see how it works. In other activities, you will learn about fasteners and adhesives of other materials, such as metals and plastics Take a few minutes to look around you. Can you find a metal object that was made without fasteners or an adhesive? How about the trashcan in your room? How is it held together? What about your teacher s filing cabinet? In the future, you may want to design similar types of products metal products without mechanical fasteners or adhesives. This activity will provide you the opportunity to learn about various metal joining processes used in metal assembly. This knowledge will be helpful to you as you learn more about how metals are joined and when you disassemble a product. Are all fasteners and adhesives the same? Can they be used on different materials? Some can, but how will you know which ones? In the next Activity, you learned about fasteners and adhesives appropriate for wood products. But what if you were designing something out of metal, such as a new mailbox? How would you fasten the pieces together? This activity will provide you the opportunity to recognize and classify various metal fasteners and adhesives used in metal assembly. This knowledge will be helpful when you complete a product disassembly later in this class. By thoroughly understanding metal fasteners and adhesives, you will be able to understand how a product should be designed.
When you hear the word welding, what material comes to mind? Most of us think metal, but did you know that plastic can be welded as well? When you look at a plastic product, it is not always easy to determine how a plastic product is welded. Most often, the seams appear transparent; it is not evident where the weld is. In this activity, you will explore and identify five different welding procedures used in plastic assembly. As a product designer, you may design a product that would benefit from one of these plastic welding procedures. Many products today are made from plastic. How can plastic parts be fastened and bonded securely so that the product stays together even under daily usage? Take a cell phone, for instance. What material is the case? If it is a flip phone, how is it hinged? Have you ever dropped your cell phone? Did it survive the impact? What if the hinge broke after a month of use? As you can see, choosing the correct fastener and bonding techniques is crucial to the life of a product and its success. Today s product designers must understand and be able to apply effective plastic fastening and bonding techniques. The information you gain from this activity will be important to use during the design of a product and during the remainder of this lesson. Wood Joinery Matching Worksheet PART 1 DIRECTIONS: Match the correct joint on the left to its definition using the list on the right. a. A joint where one piece of wood is crossed over another. Butt joint b. Butt joint that is reinforced with football- or lozenge-shaped wooden discs that swell to creating a tight joint. Biscuit joint c. Joinery technique where an L groove across the end of one edge of one piece of wood fits into an edge or end of another board with an L groove. Dovetail joint d. Joint created when two boards are cut at an angle to one another; most commonly used is a 45-degree angle. Finger joint e. Joinery technique where the cut end from one board fits into the matching opening on another. Lap joint f. Joining two boards in which alternating slots and protrusions resembling the v-shaped outline of a bird's tail are snugly fitted together. Miter joint g. Joint commonly used in industry to extend lumber or create wider boards. Mortise-and-Tenon joint h. Joint where one piece is grooved to receive the piece which forms the other part of the joint. Rabbet joint i. Joint where two wedge-shaped pieces of wood have been cut to correspond to one another. Scarf joint j. Easy but often weak techniques for joining two boards together simply by gluing and pressing two flat surfaces together. IED Activity 3.3.1 Joinery, Fastener, Adhesive, Welding & Bonding Identification Page 2
PART 2 Biscuit Dado DIRECTIONS: Match the correct joinery reinforcement on the left to its definition using the list on the right. a. Thin piece of wood that fits in the mating grooves cut into two pieces of wood. b. Groove which is cut across the grain to receive the butt end or edge of a second piece. Mortise c. Rectangular, stepped recess cut along the edge of a section of wood. Rabbet Spline Tenon d. Opening chiseled, drilled or routed into a board to receive the end of an intersecting board. e. The end of a board, cut to a specific size and shape, is inserted into the opening in a second board. f.small, flat lozenge-shaped dowel for edge or corner-jointing that are fitted into slots within a joint. IED Activity 3.3.1 Joinery, Fastener, Adhesive, Welding & Bonding Identification Page 3
Wood Fasteners & Adhesives Classification Worksheet Wood Fastener Classification PART 1 DIRECTIONS: Analyze the sample fasteners provided by your teacher, and then match the letter labeled on each sample to the list below. Place the appropriate letter in the space provided. Nails Screws Adhesives Common Oval head White glue Finishing Round head Carpenter s glue Brad Flat head Casin Box Fine-thread Contact cement Casing Course-thread Hot glue Tack Slotted head Polyurethane (Gorilla Glue) Upholstery tack Phillips head Wood Fastener Classification Activity PART 2 DIRECTIONS: Match the characteristics below with the correct fasteners or adhesive. Use the appropriate letter on each line below. N for a characteristic associated with a NAIL S for a characteristic associated with a SCREW A for a characteristic associated with an ADHESIVE Measured, or sized, according to length which is expressed by the letter "d" (called penny). Often identified by their slot and head types. Uses heat in a gun to heat and then apply this material. Work bests when applied into a pre-drilled pilot hole. Most common wood fastener that comes in many sizes and varieties. Needs to be applied to both surfaces then bonded together. Yellow or brown in color and most commonly used in woodworking. Measured using the shank or the part of the fastener that goes into the wood. Plastic-based synthetic material for strongly bonding wood together. Provides a strong hold and can be easily removed without damaging material. Has a four-sided diamond point that is driven into wood. Used to fasten carpet or when performing other light fastening jobs. IED Activity 3.3.1 Joinery, Fastener, Adhesive, Welding & Bonding Identification Page 4
Metal Joining Process Identification Worksheet Metal Joining Processes Matching PART 1 DIRECTIONS: Match the metal joining process listed on the left to its definition on the right. Place the appropriate letter in the space provided. Riveting a. High current at a low voltage passes through two pieces of metal (usually sheet metal) for a short period of time. Soldering b. Occurs at temperatures below 800 degrees Fahrenheit, performed with a gun. Soft soldering c. Joining processing where the filler material flows into the joints using capillary action. Hard soldering d. Used when fastening metals together that are not easily welded, or where welding is not practical. Brazing e. Process of fastening two metals together with a nonferrous metal that has a lower melting point than the parts being joined. Spot welding f. Occurs above 800 degrees Fahrenheit with heat of a torch flame. IED Activity 3.3.1 Joinery, Fastener, Adhesive, Welding & Bonding Identification Page 5
Metal Joining Processes Matching PART 2 DIRECTIONS: Match the metal joining process list on the left to the correct definition on the right. Place the appropriate letter in the space provided. Rivets Solder a. Most frequently used for metal joints but sometimes used to join sheet metal to small diameter rods or small flat bars. b. Upon solidification, it adheres (sticks) tightly and forms a strong bond between the two surfaces. Soft soldering c. Metal pins that look like bolts with no threads and may be either solid or tubular. Hard soldering Brazing d. Uses a material called rosin core 60-40 which is made up of 60% tin and 40% lead. e. Often used in jewelry and art metalwork for joining copper, silver, and gold. Spot welding f. Used to join intial metal before quality metal is joined IED Activity 3.3.1 Joinery, Fastener, Adhesive, Welding & Bonding Identification Page 6
Metal Fasteners & Adhesive Classification Worksheet Metal Fasteners & Adhesive Classification Worksheet PART 1 DIRECTIONS: Analyze the sample fasteners provided by your teacher and then match the letter labeled on each sample to the list below. BOLTS SCREWS NUTS Carriage Machine and cap Machine screw nut (hex nut) Machine Set Jam (Lock) Tap Thumb Castle Stove Sheet Metal Wing Stud Lag WASHERS PINS KEYS Plain or flat Cotter Square Helical spring lock Tapered Gib head Toothed lock Roll pin Woodruff Metal Fasteners & Adhesives Classification Activity PART 2 DIRECTIONS: Match the characteristics below with the correct adhesive. Use the appropriate letter on each line below. C for a characteristic associated with CYANACRYLATES E for a characteristic associated with EPOXIES U for a characteristic associated with URETHANES A for a characteristic associated with ANAEROBICS Best used in situations requiring instant bonds and immediate handling strength particularly when bonding rubber, metals, and plastics. Primarily used to anchor threaded joints and shafts against breaking free due to vibration. Creates a strong flexible bond that brings excellent structural integrity to assemblies made of plastic, metal, foams and elastomers. Creates superior bonds for a wide variety of materials including metal, rubber, and plastic. Often known as "locking compounds. Primerless adhesive that is ideal for prepared metals, rubber, and fiber reinforced plastics. Made of two components, a liquid resin and a hardener to convert the liquid resin to solid. Specialty adhesives designed to cure on metals in the absence of oxygen. Well-suited for trim attachment and light assembly. Widely used in the automotive industry. Commonly known as superglue. IED Activity 3.3.1 Joinery, Fastener, Adhesive, Welding & Bonding Identification Page 7
Plastic Welding Process Identification Worksheet DIRECTIONS: Match the plastic welding procedure listed on the left to its description on the right. Place your answer in the space provided. Hot Gas Welding a. One part is held in a fixed position and the other rotates at high speed causing friction between the two parts resulting in a joining of the two parts. Ultrasonic Welding b. Parts are joined by being rubbed together. Laser Welding Vibration Welding Spin Welding c. Uses the heat from a beam to melt materials and create a bond between two parts. d. Parts are joined by the local application of pressure and high-frequency vibratory energy. e. Involves the use of various butt joints and hot gas from a welding torch to melt filler material between pieces of an assembly. Plastic Fasteners & Bonding Classification Worksheet DIRECTIONS: Analyze the sample fasteners and bonded examples provided and then match the letter labeled for each sample to the list. Place your answers in the space provided. SNAP-FITS Cantilever Torsion Annular MECHANICAL FASTENERS Threaded metal insert Self-tapping screw Stamped sheet metal fasteners Metal rivets PLASTIC ASSEMBLIES Press fit Living hinge BONDING Solvent Adhesive Boss IED Activity 3.3.1 Joinery, Fastener, Adhesive, Welding & Bonding Identification Page 8