2017 3rd International Conference on Social Science, Management and Economics (SSME 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-462-2 Application of GPS and Remote Sensing Image Technology in Construction Monitoring of Road and Bridge Cheng Kang 1 Abstract Remote sensing technology is superior than the traditional There is nothing comparable to this environmental monitoring and monitoring stations, remote sensing technique has been widely used in the monitoring of air pollution, water pollution, solid waste pollution monitoring, monitoring the change of land use and ecological vegetation changes etc.. The application and development of remote sensing technology in atmospheric monitoring, water quality monitoring and ecological vegetation monitoring are reviewed. GPS is a new type of measurement system, which consists of space constellation, ground control and user equipment. GPS measurement technology has the advantages of high adaptability, high precision and automation. It can be used in many fields such as engineering survey, military, civil traffic navigation, geodetic survey, land use investigation and so on. GPS and modern communication technology combined carrier phase difference method GPS technology is greatly improve the relative positioning accuracy. GPS total station can be widely used in terrain and land surveying and engineering, deformation, surface subsidence monitoring. Keywords: GPS, remote sensing technology, monitoring, application, road and bridge Introduction With the rapid development of traffic construction in our country, road and bridge is an important part of China's transportation network, and its quality can meet the needs of economic development. To ensure the quality of road and bridge, the core link is the design and monitoring of road and bridge must be reasonable and accurate. But in the actual operation, the actual measurement will often encounter a variety of impact, to measure the normal work and the accuracy of measurement, such as terrain blocking, traffic flow, obstacles, pipeline problems, which gives strict standards and high technical requirements of design and monitoring in road and bridge. GPS technology has a unique advantage in the design and monitoring of road and bridge, which has a unique advantage to ensure the design and monitoring of the reasonable and accurate, so it has been widely used. Remote sensing technology is developed in the 1960s integrated earth observation technology, is a kind of object using reflection or electromagnetic wave radiation inherent characteristics, distance is not in direct contact with the object recognition, measurement and analysis of the nature of the object technology, distribution characteristics and spatial variations can reveal the various elements of the earth's surface in the global level space. Remote sensing technology allows a large area of synchronous observation to become a reality, in a short period of time to monitor the same area. The data is very comprehensive, comparable and economical. According to the band, remote sensing technology can be divided into microwave remote 1 Sichuan College of Architectural Technology, Deyang, Sichuan, 618000 China 337
sensing technology, thermal infrared remote sensing technology, visible light reflectance infrared remote sensing technology. Since 1990, remote sensing technology has been applied in the environmental evaluation and monitoring, earth resource exploration and dynamic monitoring, urban planning, land management, agricultural production conditions and Study on crop yield estimation, flood and fire monitoring, forest and crop pests research and military reconnaissance and other fields, from industrial measurement indoor to a wide range of land the ocean and atmosphere, the information collection and the global environmental change monitoring. The application of remote sensing technology in environmental pollution monitoring. Compared with the traditional environmental monitoring technology, remote sensing technology has many advantages, such as wide monitoring range, fast speed, low cost, easy to carry out long-term dynamic monitoring and so on. It can locate on the pollution sources, pollution scope and approved to monitor the diffusion of pollutants in the air and water in the distribution and the tracking and monitoring of sudden environmental pollution accident, so as to formulate measures to reduce the loss caused by pollution. Because the remote sensing technology has superiority than the traditional There is nothing comparable to this environmental monitoring and monitoring stations, remote sensing technique has been widely used in the monitoring of air pollution, water pollution, solid waste pollution monitoring, monitoring the change of land use and ecological vegetation changes etc.. In this paper, the application of remote sensing technology in environmental monitoring is summarized, and the development prospect of remote sensing technology is prospected. Figure 1. GPS. The Proposed Methodology GPS ground monitoring system. GPS ground monitoring system mainly includes three parts, namely, the master station into the station and monitoring station. The monitoring station is responsible for receiving all kinds of data and image signals transmitted from the satellite to the ground, and monitoring whether the satellite is in normal operation at any time. The master station is responsible for operation and control of the satellite monitoring station at the same time the various GPS signal receiving, analysis and calculation, the satellite ephemeris and 338
satellite clock correction parameters, and these data by injecting into the satellite to station. The injection station is mainly responsible for the calculation of data into the satellite master station. GPS user equipment is mainly responsible for receiving the signal sent by the GPS satellite, and then use these signals to complete navigation and positioning. Characteristics of GPS measurement. Application of GPS positioning technology rapidly penetrated into various fields of engineering measurement, and the development of science and technology in high speed, real-time dynamic GPS (RTK) in the carrier phase ambiguity in the navigation solution, make the application of this technique in engineering measurement is possible. High positioning accuracy. The general dual frequency GPS receiver baseline solution accuracy is 5mm+1ppm, while the infrared instrument nominal accuracy of 5mm+5ppm, GPS measurement accuracy and infrared instrument is equivalent, but with the increase of distance, GPS measurement superiority is more prominent. No links between stations. Measuring station is always a difficult problem in surveying. However, the station must be open above the ground so as to receive the GPS satellite signal without interference. Short observation time. In less than 20 km on the short baseline, fast relative positioning generally only need to observe the time of 5 minutes. Provide 3D coordinates. The GPS measurement can accurately measure the geodetic elevation of the observation station while accurately determining the plane position of the observation station. Easy operation. GPS measurement of high degree of automation. The main task of the surveyor in observation is to install and switch the instrument, to measure the working state of the instrument and the monitoring instrument, and other observation work, such as the satellite capture, tracking and observation, are all done automatically by the instrument. Application of GPS technology in road and bridge design. GPS technology can improve the positioning accuracy, often used in the control of large bridges in the measurement, the detection of traditional measurement of the fulcrum is very effective. GPS static relative positioning, can control network layout and precision engineering, high precision, simple operation, low cost, high efficiency, commonly used in bridge engineering design in surveying and mapping topographic maps of various scales, deformation monitoring and construction lofting. Break through the traditional measurement technology in the long distance construction survey precise positioning technology. Assume that GPS is relatively static position at a known point on the ground to install a GPS, then placed another GPS in point to be ground, keep between the two position unchanged, synchronous tracking observation satellite constellation, which can learn the baseline vector relative to a known unknown point, through the known coordinates position that relative other unknown point coordinates. In a large bridge across the sea terrain monitoring, can be combined with GPS dynamic relative positioning technology and digital echo sound measuring technology, can better monitor the level, high quality and high precision to obtain monitoring data, and can reduce the cost, improve work efficiency. GPS dynamic relative positioning accuracy of 1m, the specific methods of operation, is a GPS receiver to a known point base station, and observation of a satellite receiver, can be calculated and the base station measuring instantaneous values of known points to compare the results, then preliminary obtain the instantaneous correction value, and for instantaneous observation data to correct flow receiver, determine the instantaneous position of the final reference station. 339
Application of GPS technology in highway design and monitoring. In the design and monitoring of highway, it is necessary to use the static and dynamic functions of GPS technology, to determine the three-dimensional coordinates of a certain point on the ground, and to lay the ground on the ground. GPS technology has unique advantages in highway engineering control survey, so it is widely used. GPS technology has high precision, strong adaptability to the environment, but also conducive to environmental protection, can be used to measure the terrain obstacles serious and complex hydrological conditions or major projects, such as the high grade road in the mountainous area construction, GPS height measurement can give full play to the advantages of measurement. In addition, it can reduce the amount of work in the field. GPS has high measuring efficiency, high automation and low cost. The control system of the ground when GPS is working, can record, calculate and process data automatically, saving labor cost greatly. GPS-RTK technology greatly simplifies the highway measurement model. GPS-RTK technology is used to route, bridge and tunnel survey, three-dimensional coordinate location can get real-time, direct field real-time measurement, lofting, pile point measurement, greatly simplifies the measurement mode of highway. Application of GPS in bridge design. The application of GPS measurement in road and bridge survey, the problem of rework caused by the rough difference of Engineering in the past has been eliminated, and the precision and efficiency of survey have been improved. In the operation efficiency is greatly improved. Each lofting point only needs to stay 1 ~ 2S, mobile station group operations, each group (from 3 to 4 people) to complete the midline measurement of 5 ~ 10km. And at the same time in the centerline of the completion of the work of the pile in the past, in the past is not want to think about the problem. Its wide range of applications can cover the road and bridge measurement of the horizontal, vertical, horizontal, supervision, construction lofting, completion of measurement, maintenance measurement and so on many aspects. In particular, real-time dynamic (RTK) positioning technology will have a broad advantage in the road and bridge survey. According to the principle of the product, use, function can be classified. One is the static positioning refers to the GPS receiver in each mobile station is still observed, and fixed in the process of acquisition and tracking of GPS satellites, in the observation process, synchronous observation data while receiving base station and satellite receiver, the propagation time of high precision measurement of GPS signal, a known location on orbit GPS satellite using real-time solution of ambiguity and user station coordinates. The other is a dynamic positioning refers to the locus of the GPS receiver determination of a moving object in a control point, need to rest a few minutes observation for initialization before the measurement, then the mobile station according to a predetermined sampling interval for automatic observation, together with the simultaneous observation data base station, determine the location of the sampling points in real time. With the rapid development of social economy Chinese, especially in road and bridge across the river, across the sea of large and super large bridge in transportation are widely used in road and bridge as an important transportation hub in road and bridge, the quality is directly related to economic development and people's daily travel safety. But if the large span bridge used for a long time, coupled with the impact of improper use and maintenance or loading, material aging and other factors, there will be structural damage, hidden danger to the safe operation of the bridge, so the design of the bridge deformation monitoring, so as to timely maintenance management, improve the service life of the bridge is very necessary. 340
Remote sensing technique. Access technology of remote sensing image, with the high performance of the new sensor research and development to improve the level of resource and environment remote sensing of high resolution remote sensing data requirements increase, high spatial and high spectral resolution is the general trend of development of satellite remote sensing image acquisition technology. Thermal infrared remote sensing technology will be more widely used. Radar remote sensing technology has the ability to obtain all-weather images and the penetration of some objects, which will be more widely used. The integrated earth observation data acquisition system based on the earth is one of the most important directions in the future. The development of remote sensing information model, mechanism model of remote sensing information and broaden the development, especially the uncertainty of remote sensing information model and the development of artificial intelligent decision support system and comprehensive application will also be an important direction of research and application. The environmental pollution remote sensing monitoring technology (RS) and geographic information system (GIS), global positioning system (GPS), expert system (Expert System ES) technology integration, the use of environmental pollution remote sensing monitoring system, can greatly improve the scientific, reasonable and intelligent level of environmental monitoring, so as to expand application scope environmental monitoring, remote sensing information technology integrated multi-functional development, RS, GIS, GPS ES in one, suitable for applications in the field of environmental protection, also will be the future development trend of environmental remote sensing technology. Conclusion With the rapid development of social economy Chinese, transportation function in the development of national economy will be more and more prominent, road and bridge is an important transportation hub in road and bridge, the quality problem is a major livelihood issues related to economic development and people's daily travel. Therefore, the relevant departments and staff must make full use of GPS advanced measurement technology, make every aspect of the design and measurement of road and bridge, to avoid unnecessary mistakes and errors, and to constantly improve and improve the GPS technology in the process of practice, to expand its scope of application, accelerate the pace of development of transportation industry in china. Reference [1] Atzberger, Clement. "Advances in remote sensing of agriculture: Context description, existing operational monitoring systems and major information needs." Remote Sensing 5.2 (2013): 949-981. [2] Congalton, Russell G., et al. "Global land cover mapping: A review and uncertainty analysis." Remote Sensing 6.12 (2014): 12070-12093. [3] Ulaby, Fawwaz Tayssir, et al. Microwave radar and radiometric remote sensing. Vol. 4. No. 5. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2014. [4] Bi, Chujian, et al. "SAR image restoration and change detection based on game theory." Intelligent Computing and Internet of Things (ICIT), 2014 International Conference on. IEEE, 2015. 341
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