The Global Exploration Roadmap International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG) Kathy Laurini NASA/Senior Advisor, Exploration & Space Ops Co-Chair/ISECG Exp. Roadmap Working Group FISO Telecon, 11 December 2013
Introduction to the Global Exploration Roadmap The GER is a human space exploration roadmap, recognizing the criticality of increasing synergies with robotic missions while demonstrating the unique and important role humans play in realizing societal benefits The non-binding document reflects a framework for agency exploration discussions on: Common goals and objectives Long-range mission scenarios and architectures Opportunities for near-term coordination and cooperation on preparatory activities GER update, released in August 2013, demonstrates agencies continue to collaboratively prepare for future human space exploration missions A unified international roadmap for next steps in implementing a common space exploration strategy which begins with ISS and extends human presence beyond low-earth orbit using future missions to Mars as a driving goal As with initial version, this GER is consistent with established individual agency policies and plans 2
Participating Agencies 12 space agencies participate in the GER development activity 3
GER Messages Sustainable human space exploration will be an international endeavor An international roadmap follows a path that enables multiple partners to play critical roles and pursue individual priorities which are consistent with common long-term goals Near-term missions in the lunar vicinity enable interested agencies to demonstrate capabilities needed for future missions, while meeting other compelling exploration goals and objectives Exploring near Earth asteroid NASA s asteroid redirection mission Extended duration crew missions in the lunar vicinity Key enabler to future missions Lunar surface missions NASA will participate if other nations decide to pursue exploration objectives with these missions 4
Global Exploration Roadmap 5
Common Goals and Objectives A Sustained Presence - Extending New Knowledge in Science & Technology Economic Expansion A Global Partnership Human Frontiers Inspiration and Education Common goals are needed, but recognized individual agency goals are what is important to an agency Develop Exploration Technologies and Capabilities Engage the Public in Exploration Enhance Earth Safety Extend Human Presence Perform Science to Enable Human Exploration Perform Space, Earth, and Applied Science Search for Life Stimulate Economic Expansion Each common goal is supported by a set of objectives 6
A Long-Range Human Exploration Strategy: The Mission Scenario Driving principles Affordability Take into account budget constraints Value to stakeholders Generate public benefit International partnerships Early, visible and critical roles for multiple agencies Capability evolution Step-wise development of capabilities Human/Robotic partnership Maximize synergy of human and robotic missions Robustness Recognize things fail and partnerships change Purpose of the mission scenario Serve as an optional design reference for agencies to inform decisions on preparatory activities 7
ISECG Mission Scenario Low-Earth Orbit International Space Station Beyond Low-Earth Orbit Test Missions 2020 2030 Commercial or Government-Owned Platforms Robotic Mission Human Mission Cargo Mission Rosetta Hayabusa-2 (Sample Return) Near-Earth Objects Lunar Vicinity OSIRIS-REx (Sample Return) Asteroid Redirection Apophis Extended Duration Crew Missions Explore Near Earth Asteroid Staging Post for Crew to Lunar Surface Potential Commercial Opportunities LADEE Luna 25 Luna 26 Luna 27 RESOLVE SELENE-2 Moon Chandrayaan-2 Luna 28/29 (Sample Return) SELENE-3 Human-Assisted Sample Return Humans to Lunar Surface Potential Commercial Opportunities MAVEN ISRO Mars Orbiter Mission Mars ExoMars 2016 InSight ExoMars 2018 Mars JAXA 2020 Mars Precursor Human-Assisted Sample Return Mars Sample Return Mission Opportunities Human Scale EDL Test Mission Opportunities Sustainable Human Missions to the Mars System Multi-Destination Transportation Capabilities (Planned and Conceptual) Initial Cargo Delivery Small Cargo Lander Human Surface Mobility Icon indicates first use opportunity. Commercial/Institutional launchers not shown. Orion & SLS Russian Piloted System Advanced Electric Propulsion Evolvable Deep Space Habitat Orion & SLS (Upgrade) Crewed Lunar Lander Orion & SLS (Upgrade)
Mars Human Mission Risk Reduction
Exploration of a Near Earth Asteroid Human exploration of an asteroid which has been captured and redirected to lunar vicinity NASA s SLS and Orion Enabling Capabilities Advanced Electric Propulsion Mission Activities Characterize the composition of the asteroid Identify any resources and assess their potential for extraction Apply human evaluation capabilities to select samples for return to Earth laboratories Demonstrating sample acquisition, caching, storage operations, and crew transfer operations for future human-assisted sample return mission. Extra Vehicular Activity Contributions to Mars Mission Readiness Demonstration of the following core capabilities: Space Launch System and Orion 30-50kW Solar Electric Propulsion System Spacewalk, rendezvous, proximity operations, docking or grapple, deep space navigation and communications. 10
Extended Duration Crew Missions Visits to an evolvable Deep Space Habitat in the lunar vicinity NASA s SLS and Orion Mission Activities Advancing deep space human space flight operations and techniques, including staging operations Conducting high priority science benefitting from human presence, including human-assisted lunar sample return. Testing technologies and subsystems benefitting from the deep space environment Characterizing human health and performance in a deep space environment Enabling Capabilities Russian Piloted System Evolvable Deep Space Habitat Cargo Delivery Contributions to Mars Mission Readiness Demonstrate deep space exploration capabilities such as SLS, Orion, advanced Russian crew transportation capabilities and life support systems, achieving an acceptable level of risk prior to travel to destinations away from the relative safety of Earth s orbit Demonstrate autonomous crew operation capability Demonstrate operations with reduced supply chain Increase experience with complex deep space staging operations Advance core technologies and radiation protection strategies for long duration missions Demonstrate interactive human and robotic operations analogous to Mars operational concepts Gain experience with solar electric propulsion used on a crewed spacecraft 11
Humans to the Lunar Surface Using evolvable Deep Space Habitat as staging post NASA s SLS and Orion Russian Piloted System Enabling Capabilities Evolvable Deep Space Habitat Mission Activities Test advanced surface power technologies Address high priority objectives of the science community which benefit from human surface presence Characterize human health and performance in a partial gravity environment Demonstrate long distance mobility concepts Explore concepts for human-robotic partnership in planetary surface exploration Utilize precision landing technologies demonstrated on robotic missions Explore landing sites of interest for extended durations Lunar Lander Cargo Delivery Contributions to Mars Mission Readiness Demonstrate staging operations with an Earthreturn vehicle Demonstrate extended crew mobility and habitation systems Demonstrate advanced power systems Characterize human health and performance, combining deep space and partial gravity environment exposure Demonstrate operations concepts and enhanced crew autonomy for surface exploration Potentially provide the opportunity for advancing concepts related to the use of local resources 12
Near-Term Opportunities for Coordination and Cooperation Significant resources are being expended around the world to prepare for human space exploration Agencies seek opportunities to leverage these investments through knowledge of partner priorities and partnerships: coordination and cooperation Six opportunity areas have been identified Use of ISS for Exploration Space Systems and Infrastructure Development Robotic Precursor Missions Advanced Technologies Analog Activities Human Health and Performance Risk Mitigation 13
Conclusion The updated GER will continue to serve as a tool to help agencies collaboratively prepare for future human space exploration missions and partnerships The GER articulates the benefits of space exploration Knowledge gained has driven scientific and technological innovation that continues to contribute to new products and services The cultural and inspirational impact to people on Earth stimulates our curiosity and sense of place in the universe Overcoming the challenges needed to explore will bring nations together with the capacity to address mutual challenges and strengthen partnerships The ISECG forum and the GER are useful inputs to inform preparations for the Minister-level International Space Exploration Forum (January 2014, in DC) All agencies remain committed to involving the broader community in the dialog, seeking innovative ideas and solutions NASA Community Workshop on the GER planned for first half 2014 14
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ISECG Background The ISECG is a voluntary, non-binding exploration coordination forum Scope of exploration: human and robotic exploration of destinations humans may someday live and work Established in 2007, rotating chairmanship Canadian Space Agency currently chairs ISECG Avoid duplication with other forums Main benefits of participation Promotes discussions enabling a common understanding on aspects that will inform future human exploration related partnerships Develops products which inform individual agency efforts and decisions Facilitates agency efforts to leverage investments in human exploration preparation activities Engages a broader set of agencies than ISS partnership 16