Data Sheet BTS55P Smart Highside High Current Power Switch Reverse Save Reverse battery protection by self turn on of power MOSFET Features Overload protection Current limitation Short circuit protection Overtemperature protection Overvoltage protection (including load dump) Clamp of negative voltage at output Fast deenergizing of inductive loads 1) Low ohmic inverse current operation Diagnostic feedback with load current sense Open load detection via current sense Loss of bb protection 2) Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection Application Power switch with current sense diagnostic feedback for 12 and 24 DC grounded loads Most suitable for loads with high inrush current like lamps and motors; all types of resistive and inductive loads Replaces electromechanical relays, fuses and discrete circuits Product Summary Overvoltage protection (AZ) 62 Output clamp ON(CL) 44 Operating voltage bb(on) 5.... 34 On-state resistance RON 3.6 mω Load current (O) IL(O) 115 A Short circuit current limitation IL(SC) 22 A Current sense ratio IL : I 21 TO-218AB/5 1 Straight leads General Description N channel vertical power FET with charge pump, current controlled input and diagnostic feedback with load current sense, integrated in Smart SIPMOS chip on chip technology. Fully protected by embedded protection functions. 5 3 & Tab oltage source Overvoltage protection Current limit Gate protection R bb + 2 ESD oltage sensor Logic Charge pump Level shifter Rectifier Limit for unclamped ind. loads Output oltage detection Current Sense 1, 5 I L Load I Temperature sensor 4 I Load GND R Logic GND 1 ) With additional external diode. 2) Additional external diode required for energized inductive loads (see page 9). Infineon Technologies AG Page 1 of 14 2-Mar-24
Data Sheet BTS55P Pin Symbol Function 1 O Output to the load. The pins 1 and 5 must be shorted with each other especially in high current applications! 3) 2 I Input, activates the power switch in case of short to ground 3 bb + Positive power supply voltage, the tab is electrically connected to this pin. In high current applications the tab should be used for the connection instead of this pin 4). 4 S Diagnostic feedback providing a sense current proportional to the load current; zero current on failure (see Truth Table on page 7) 5 O Output to the load. The pins 1 and 5 must be shorted with each other especially in high current applications! 3) Maximum Ratings at Tj = 25 C unless otherwise specified Parameter Symbol alues Unit Supply voltage (overvoltage protection see page 4) 4 Supply voltage for short circuit protection, 34 T j,start =-4...+15 C: (E AS limitation see diagram on page 9) Load current (short circuit current, see page 5) I L self-limited A Load dump protection LoadDump = U A + s, U A = 13.5 R 5) I = 2 Ω, R L =.54 Ω, t d = 2 ms, 6) Load dump 8, = open or grounded Operating temperature range T j -4...+15 C Storage temperature range T stg -55...+15 Power dissipation (DC), T C 25 C P tot 36 W Inductive load switch-off energy dissipation, single pulse = 12, T j,start = 15 C, T C = 15 C const., E AS 3 J I L = 2 A, Z L = 15 mh, Ω, see diagrams on page 1 Electrostatic discharge capability (ESD) Human Body Model acc. MIL-STD883D, method 315.7 and ESD assn. std. S5.1-1993, C = 1 pf, R = 1.5 kω ESD 4 k Current through input pin (DC) Current through current sense status pin (DC) see internal circuit diagrams on page 8 I +15, -25 I +15, -25 ma 3) Not shorting all outputs will considerably increase the on-state resistance, reduce the peak current capability and decrease the current sense accuracy 4) Otherwise add up to.5 mω (depending on used length of the pin) to the R ON if the pin is used instead of the tab. 5) R I = internal resistance of the load dump test pulse generator. 6) Load dump is setup without the DUT connected to the generator per O 7637-1 and D 4839. Infineon Technologies AG Page 2 2-Mar-24
Thermal Characteristics Data Sheet BTS55P Parameter and Conditions Symbol alues Unit min typ max Thermal resistance chip - case: R thjc 7) -- --.35 K/W Junction - ambient (free air): R thja -- 3 -- Electrical Characteristics Parameter and Conditions Symbol alues Unit at Tj = -4... +15 C, = 12 unless otherwise specified min typ max Load Switching Capabilities and Characteristics On-state resistance (Tab to pins 1,5, see measurement circuit page 8) I L = 2 A, T j = 25 C: =, I L = 2 A, T j = 15 C: R ON -- 2.8 5. 3.6 6.5 I L = 12 A, T j = 15 C: -- 6.5 = 6 8), I L = 2 A, T j = 15 C: R ON(Static) -- 7 1 Nominal load current 9) (Tab to pins 1,5) I L(O) 9 115 -- A O 1483-1/6.7: ON =.5, Tc = 85 C 1) Maximum load current in resistive range (Tab to pins 1,5) see diagram on page 12 ON = 1.8, Tc = 25 C: ON = 1.8, Tc = 15 C: Turn-on time 11) I to 9% : Turn-off time I to 1% : R L = 1 Ω, T j =-4...+15 C Slew rate on 11) (1 to 3% ) R L = 1 Ω,T j =25 C Slew rate off 11) (7 to 4% ) R L = 1 Ω=,T j =25 C I L(Max) 39 215 t on 12 t off 4 -- -- 25 9 6 15 mω -- -- A µs d/dt on.2.5.8 /µs -d/dt off.2.6 1 /µs 7) Thermal resistance R thch case to heatsink (about.25 K/W with silicone paste) not included! 8) Decrease of below 1 causes a slowly a dynamic increase of R ON to a higher value of R ON(Static). As long as b > b(u) max, R ON increase is less than 1 % per second for T J < 85 C. 9) Not tested, specified by design. 1) T J is about 15 C under these conditions. 11) See timing diagram on page 13. Infineon Technologies AG Page 3 2-Mar-24
Data Sheet BTS55P Parameter and Conditions Symbol alues Unit at Tj = -4... +15 C, = 12 unless otherwise specified min typ max Inverse Load Current Operation On-state resistance (Pins 1,5 to pin 3) b = 12, I L = - 2 A see diagram on page 1 T j = 25 C: T j = 15 C: R ON(inv) -- 2.8 5. Nominal inverse load current (Pins 1,5 to Tab) ON = -.5, Tc = 85 C 1 I L(inv) 9 115 -- A Drain-source diode voltage (out I > bb) - ON --.6.7 L = - 2 A, I =, Tj = +15 C 3.6 6.5 mω Operating Parameters Operating voltage ( = ) 8, 12) (on) 5. -- 34 Undervoltage shutdown 13) b(u) 1.5 3. 4.5 Undervoltage start of charge pump see diagram page 14 b(ucp) 3. 4.5 6. Overvoltage protection 14) T j =-4 C: b(z) 6 -- -- I bb = 15 ma T j = 25...+15 C: 62 64 -- Standby current T j =-4...+25 C: I bb(off) -- 15 25 µa I = T j = 15 C: -- 25 5 12) If the device is turned on before a bb -decrease, the operating voltage range is extended down to b(u). For the voltage range..34 the device is fully protected against overtemperature and short circuit. 13) b = bb - see diagram on page 8. When b increases from less than b(u) up to b(ucp) = 5 (typ.) the charge pump is not active and - 3. 14) See also ON(CL) in circuit diagram on page 9. Infineon Technologies AG Page 4 2-Mar-24
Data Sheet BTS55P Parameter and Conditions Symbol alues Unit at Tj = -4... +15 C, = 12 unless otherwise specified min typ max Protection Functions Short circuit current limit (Tab to pins 1,5) 15 ON = 12, time until shutdown max. 35 µs T c =-4 C: T c =25 C: T c =+15 C: Short circuit shutdown delay after input current positive slope, ON > ON(SC) min. value valid only if input "off-signal" time exceeds 3 µs Output clamp 16) I L = 4 ma: (inductive load switch off) Output clamp (inductive load switch off) at = - ON(CL) (e.g. overvoltage) I L = 4 ma I L(SCp) 1 11 12 19 22 21 35 33 31 t d(sc) 8 -- 35 µs - (CL) 14 17 2 ON(CL) 4 44 47 Short circuit shutdown detection voltage (pin 3 to pins 1,5) ON(SC) -- 6 -- Thermal overload trip temperature T jt 15 -- -- C Thermal hysteresis T jt -- 1 -- K Reverse Battery Reverse battery voltage 17) - -- -- 32 On-state resistance (Pins 1,5 to pin 3) T j = 25 C: R ON(rev) -- 3.4 4.3 = -12, =, I L = - 2 A, R = 1 kω T j = 15 C: -- 7.5 mω Integrated resistor in bb line T j =25 C: T j =15 C: R bb 9 15 11 125 135 15 A Ω 15 ) Short circuit is a failure mode. The device is not designed to operate continuously into a short circuit by permanent resetting the short circuit latch function. The lifetime will be reduced under such conditions. 16) This output clamp can be "switched off" by using an additional diode at the -Pin (see page 8). If the diode is used, is clamped to - ON(CL) at inductive load switch off. 17) The reverse load current through the intrinsic drain-source diode has to be limited by the connected load (as it is done with all polarity symmetric loads). Note that under off-conditions (I = I = ) the power transistor is not activated. This results in raised power dissipation due to the higher voltage drop across the intrinsic drain-source diode. The temperature protection is not active during reverse current operation! Increasing reverse battery voltage capability is simply possible as described on page 9. Infineon Technologies AG Page 5 2-Mar-24
Data Sheet BTS55P Parameter and Conditions Symbol alues Unit at Tj = -4... +15 C, = 12 unless otherwise specified min typ max Diagnostic Characteristics Current sense ratio, I L = 12 A,T j =-4 C: static on-condition, T j =25 C: k IL = I L : I, T j =15 C: ON < 1.5 18), I L = 2 A,T j =-4 C: < - 5 v, T j =25 C: b > 4. T j =15 C: see diagram on page 11 I L = 12 A,T j =-4 C: T j =25 C: T j =15 C: I L = 6 A,T j =-4 C: T j =25 C: T j =15 C: I = by I = (e.g. during deenergizing of inductive loads): k IL 19 19 18 18 5 18 5 18 16 17 17 5 12 14 16 2 6 2 5 19 22 3 21 4 19 5 23 5 22 19 9 28 24 2 5 23 22 5 21 5 26 25 23 3 26 5 24 5 46 34 3 -- Sense current saturation I,lim 6.5 -- -- ma Current sense leakage current I = : I (LL) --.5 µa =, I L : I (LH) -- 2 -- Current sense settling time 19) t s() -- -- 5 µs Overvoltage protection T j =-4 C: b(z) 6 -- -- I bb = 15 ma T j = 25...+15 C: 62 64 -- Input Input and operating current (see diagram page 12) I (on) --.8 1.5 ma grounded ( = ) Input current for turn-off 2) I (off) -- -- 8 µa 18) If ON is higher, the sense current is no longer proportional to the load current due to sense current saturation, see I,lim. 19) Not tested, specified by design. 2) We recommend the resistance between and GND to be less than.5 kω for turn-on and more than 5kΩ for turn-off. Consider that when the device is switched off (I = ) the voltage between and GND reaches almost bb. Infineon Technologies AG Page 6 2-Mar-24
Truth Table Data Sheet BTS55P Input current Output Current Sense Remark Normal operation ery high load current Currentlimitation Short circuit to GND Overtemperature Short circuit to Open load Negative output voltage clamp Inverse load current L = "Low" Level H = "High" Level level level I L H L H nominal =I L / k ilis, up to I =I,lim up to H H I ON = ON(Fold back), lim I no longer proportional to I L H H ON > ON(Fold back) if ON > ON(SC), shutdown will occure L L H L L L H L L H H H <nominal 21) L Z 22 ) H H L L L H H H Options Overview Type BTS 55P 65P Overtemperature protection with hysteresis X X Tj >15 C, latch function 23) X Tj >15 C, with auto-restart on cooling X Short circuit to GND protection switches off when ON >6 typ. (when first turned on after approx. 18 µs) Overvoltage shutdown - - Output negative voltage transient limit to - ON(CL) X X to = -19 typ X 24) X 24) Overtemperature reset by cooling: Tj < Tjt (see diagram on page 14) Short circuit to GND: Shutdown remains latched until next reset via input (see diagram on page 13) X X 21) Low ohmic short to bb may reduce the output current I L and can thus be detected via the sense current I. 22) Power Transistor "OFF", potential defined by external impedance. 23) Latch except when bb - < ON(SC) after shutdown. In most cases = after shutdown ( only if forced externally). So the device remains latched unless < ON(SC) (see page 5). No latch between turn on and t d(sc). 24) Can be "switched off" by using a diode DS (see page 8) or leaving open the current sense output. Infineon Technologies AG Page 7 2-Mar-24
Data Sheet BTS55P Terms Current sense status output b I bb 3 bb I L ON bb R bb ZD Z, R 2 b 4 I 1,5 I R I D S R Two or more devices can easily be connected in parallel to increase load current capability. R ON measurement layout 5.5 mm Z, = 64 (typ.), R = 1 kω nominal (or 1 kω /n, if n devices are connected in parallel). I S = I L /k ilis can be driven only by the internal circuit as long as out - > 5. If you want to measure load currents up to I L(M), R should be less than - 5 I L(M) / K ilis. Note: For large values of R the voltage can reach almost bb. See also overvoltage protection. If you don't use the current sense output in your application, you can leave it open. Short circuit detection Fault Condition: ON > ON(SC) (6 typ.) and t> t d(sc) (8...35 µs). force contacts Out Force contacts (both out pins parallel) Sense contacts + ON Input circuit (ESD protection) Logic unit Short circuit detection Z, ZD R bb Inductive and overvoltage output clamp + b Z1 I ON ZG When the device is switched off (I = ) the voltage between and GND reaches almost bb. Use a mechanical switch, a bipolar or MOS transistor with appropriate breakdown voltage as driver. Z, = 64 (typ). D S ON is clamped to ON(Cl) = 42 typ. At inductive load switch-off without D S, is clamped to Infineon Technologies AG Page 8 2-Mar-24
(CL) = -19 typ. via ZG. With D S, is clamped to - ON(CL) via Z1. Using D S gives faster deenergizing of the inductive load, but higher peak power dissipation in the. In case of a floating ground with a potential higher than 19 referring to the potential the device will switch on, if diode DS is not used. Overvoltage protection of logic part Data Sheet BTS55P bb disconnect with energized inductive load Provide a current path with load current capability by using a diode, a Z-diode, or a varistor. ( ZL < 72 or Zb < 3 if R =). For higher clamp voltages currents at and have to be limited to 25 ma. ersion a: + bb Z, Z, R bb R Logic ZL R R Z, ersion b: Signal GND R bb = 12 Ω typ., Z, = Z, = 64 typ., R = 1 kω nominal. Note that when overvoltage exceeds 69 typ. a voltage above 5 can occur between and GND, if R, Z, are not used. Reverse battery protection - bb R bb Zb R Logic Power Transistor Note that there is no reverse battery protection when using a diode without additional Z-diode ZL, Zb. D D S R R R L ersion c: Sometimes a neccessary voltage clamp is given by non inductive loads R L connected to the same switch and eliminates the need of clamping circuit: Signal GND Power GND R 1 kω, R = 1 kω nominal. Add R for reverse battery protection in applications with bb above 16 17) ; recommended value: 1 + 1 + 1 = R R R.1A - 12 if D S is not used (or 1.1A = R - 12 if D S is used). To minimize power dissipation at reverse battery operation, the summarized current into the and pin should be about 12mA. The current can be provided by using a small signal diode D in parallel to the input switch, by using a MOSFET input switch or by proper adjusting the current through R and R. bb R L Infineon Technologies AG Page 9 2-Mar-24
Inverse load current operation bb - I L + - + Data Sheet BTS55P Maximum allowable load inductance for a single switch off L = f (I L ); T j,start = 15 C, = 12, R L = Ω L [µh] 1 I R - 1 The device is specified for inverse load current operation ( > > ). The current sense feature is not available during this kind of operation (I = ). With I = (e.g. input open) only the intrinsic drain source diode is conducting resulting in considerably increased power dissipation. If the device is switched on ( = ), this power dissipation is decreased to the much lower value R ON() * I 2 (specifications see page 4). Note: Temperature protection during inverse load current operation is not possible! Inductive load switch-off energy dissipation E bb I bb R E AS i (t) L L Z L { R L E Load E L E R 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Externally adjustable current limit I L [A] If the device is conducting, the sense current can be used to reduce the short circuit current and allow higher lead inductance (see diagram above). The device will be turned off, if the threshold voltage of T2 is reached by I S *R. After a delay time defined by R *C T1 will be reset. The device is turned on again, the short circuit current is defined by I L(SC) and the device is shut down after t d(sc) with latch function. Energy stored in load inductance: E L = 1 /2 L I 2 L While demagnetizing load inductance, the energy dissipated in is E AS = E bb + E L - E R = ON(CL) i L (t) dt, with an approximate solution for R L > Ω: Signal R Signal GND T1 C T2 R R load Power GND E AS = IL L IL RL ( 2 R bb + (CL) ) ln (1+ L (CL) ) Infineon Technologies AG Page 1 2-Mar-24
Characteristics Data Sheet BTS55P Current sense versus load current: I = f(i L ) I [ma] 7 Current sense ratio: K IL = f(i L ), T J = 25 C k ilis 34 6 32 5 max 3 28 4 3 26 24 max 2 min 22 typ 2 1 2 4 6 8 1 12 18 min 16 2 4 6 8 1 12 Current sense ratio: K IL = f(i L ), T J = -4 C K ilis 46 44 42 4 38 36 34 32 3 28 26 24 22 2 18 16 14 max typ min I L [A] 12 2 4 6 8 1 12 Current sense ratio: K IL = f(i L ), T J = 15 C K ilis 3 28 26 24 22 2 18 max typ I L [A] min 16 2 4 6 8 1 12 I L [A] I L [A] Infineon Technologies AG Page 11 2-Mar-24
Data Sheet BTS55P Typ. current limitation characteristic I L = f (ON, T j ) I L [A] Typ. input current I = f ( b ), b = - 1.6 1.4 8 7 6 5 ON > ON(SC) only fort< t d( S C) (otherwise immediate shutdown) 1.2 1.8 4 3 T J = 25 C.6.4 2 1 T J = -4 C T J = 15 C.2 5 1 15 2 ON(FB) 2 4 6 8 ON [] In case of ON > ON(SC) (typ. 6 ) the device will be switched off by internal short circuit detection. Typ. on-state resistance R ON = f (, T j ); I L = 2 A; = R ON [mohm] 1 I [ma] b [] 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 static dynamic T j = 15 C 85 C 25 C -4 C 1 5 1 15 2 4 [] Infineon Technologies AG Page 12 2-Mar-24
Timing diagrams Figure 1a: Switching a resistive load, change of load current in on-condition: Figure 2b: Switching an inductive load: Data Sheet BTS55P I I d/dtoff 9% t on 1% d/dton t off I L tslc() tslc() I L Load 1 Load 2 I t son() t soff() t I t The sense signal is not valid during a settling time after turn-on/off and after change of load current. Figure 3a: Short circuit: shut down by short circuit detection, reset by I =. Figure 2a: Switching motors and lamps: I I I L I L(SCp) t d(sc) I IL I >> = t I Sense current saturation can occur at very high inrush currents (see I,lim on page 6). t Shut down remains latched until next reset via input. Infineon Technologies AG Page 13 2-Mar-24
Figure 4a: Overtemperature Reset if T j <T jt Data Sheet BTS55P I I Auto Restart T j t Figure 6a: Undervoltage restart of charge pump, overvoltage clamp = 6 4 dynamic, short Undervoltage not below b(u) ON(CL) 2 I = ON(CL) b(u) 4 b(ucp) Infineon Technologies AG Page 14 2-Mar-24
Package and Ordering Code All dimensions in mm TO-218AB/5 Option E3146 Ordering code E3146 Q676-S6952A3 Published by Infineon Technologies AG i Gr., Bereichs Kommunikation St.-Martin-Strasse 76, D-81541 München Infineon Technologies AG 1999 All Rights Reserved. Data Sheet BTS55P Attention please! The information herein is given to describe certain components and shall not be considered as warranted characteristics. Terms of delivery and rights to technical change reserved. We hereby disclaim any and all warranties, including but not limited to warranties of non-infringement, regarding circuits, descriptions and charts stated herein. Infineon Technologies is an approved CECC manufacturer. Information For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices please contact your nearest Infineon Technologies Office in Germany or our Infineon Technologies Representatives worldwide (see address list). Warnings Due to technical requirements components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in question please contact your nearest Infineon Technologies Office. Infineon Technologies Components may only be used in lifesupport devices or systems with the express written approval of Infineon Technologies, if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that lifesupport device or system, or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body, or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered. Infineon Technologies AG Page 15 2-Mar-24