IMAGE CORRECTION You can find this and more information with video tutorials at http://www.adobe.com/support/photoshop/
P H O T O S H O P T O O L S
CLONE STAMP TOOL The Clone Stamp tool paints one part of an image over another part of the same image or over another part of any open document that has the same color mode. You can also paint part of one layer over another layer. The Clone Stamp tool is useful for duplicating objects or removing a defect in an image. You can use opacity and flow settings to control how paint will be applied to the cloned area. NOTE: To set the sampling point position the pointer on the area you want to sample and option alt click then drag over the part of the image you want to correct
HEALING BRUSH TOOL lets you correct imperfections, causing them to disappear into the surrounding image. Like the cloning tools, you use the Healing Brush tool to paint with sampled pixels from an image or pattern. the Healing Brush tool also matches the texture, lighting, transparency, and shading of the sampled pixels to the pixels being healed. As a result, the repaired pixels blend seamlessly into the rest of the image.
SPOT HEALING BRUSH TOOL quickly removes blemishes and other imperfections in your photos Proximity Match uses the pixels around the edge of the selection to find an image area to use as a patch for the selected area Create Texture uses all the pixels in the selection to create a texture with which to fix the area
PATCH TOOL The Patch tool lets you repair a selected area with pixels from another area or a pattern. Like the Healing Brush tool, the Patch tool matches the texture, lighting, and shading of the sampled pixels to the source pixels. You can also use the Patch tool to clone isolated areas of an image.
dodging and burning
dodging
burning
the Dodge tool and the Burn tool are based on a traditional photographer s technique for regulating exposure on specific areas of a print The more you paint over an area with the Dodge or Burn tool, the lighter or darker it becomes.
After Selecting the Dodge or Burn Tool Choose a brush tip and set brush options in the options bar Select Midtones, Shadows or Highlights Specify the exposure for the Dodge tool or the Burn tool Select the Protect Tones option to minimize clipping in the shadows and highlights. This option also tries to keep colors from shifting hue Click and drag over the part of the image you want to lighten or darken
DODGING AND BURNING MASK The dodging and burning tools in the tool palette do not have as much flexibility and they are destructive to the pixels Instead add a layer mask Hold down OPTION / alt and click here
- Within the dialogue box Name the new layer - Overlay or Softlight are for 50% neutral gray fill - Choose Overlay to begin with then experiment with Softlight - Select Fill with Overlay-neutral color (50% gray)
- Select the Dodge & Burn Mask in the Layers Pallette. - Select the Paint Brush (B) in the Tools Pallette and choose black to darken local areas and white to lighten local areas
Work with the mask using a brush set to Opacity around 12-25 You must have your colors set to the default setting BLACK as foreground and WHITE as the background.
* REMEMBER * In order to darken (burn) an area you need to paint on the mask with BLACK To lighten (dodge) paint onto the mask with WHITE X toggles between BLACK and WHITE White reveals and Black conceals
Selections and Masking In Photoshop there are various other ways to regulate the exposure on specific areas of your print including making a selection and masking
Why make a selection? A selection allows you to choose a particular part of an image and modify it while leaving other areas of the image unaltered.
Working with Selections In this image, I have selected just the Standard Oil sign using the lasso tool. This will allow me to make adjustments to just this selection. I can also choose to select everything but the sign and modify the background only. To invert, hit Shift Command (I) or go to Select > Inverse.
Another way to make selections is to use quick mask mode. This mode is a good way to visualize your selection. The area that is shown in red is masked. Any adjustments to the image will not effect the background. You can turn the mask into a selection by doubleclicking on the quickmask thumbnail on the toolbar (or press Q). Then you can choose which areas to mask and which to select.
By switching the foreground and background colors, you can add to or erase part of your selection ( X also toggles between black and white). Select the brush tool (or press B ) and paint part of your image. If the background is black, you can erase part of your selection by painting with white, and if the background is white, you can add to your selection by painting with black. Adjusting the size of your paint brush will allow you to do more refined changes. Here I have painted (with white) part of the sky to show what happens when you remove it from the mask.
When you make a selection or a quick mask, the action becomes a new channel and is visible in the channels palette. This selection was saved by going to Select > Save Selection The Quick Mask mode is visible on the channels palette while it is in use. Once you are finished, go to Select > Save Selection. Your quick mask will be saved to an Alpha Channel.
Other selection methods: The Quick Selection Tool - makes selections base on well defined shapes, including irregular areas; automatically detects color boundaries. The Magic Wand Tool - makes selections based on like pixels (of similar shade or color) within a tolerance range. Color Range - makes selections of discrete color areas; via dialog box, allow all occurrences of tone or color to be selected in one image.
Using the Quick Selection Tool (W), I pointed the tool at this portion of the wall and part of it became a selection. To add to your selection, click the additional area or hold SHIFT and move through the area you want to add To take away a part of the selection hold OPTION / ALT and click on the selection you want to take away - or click the subtract the selection button on the tool bar.
Magic Wand Tool Here, I pointed the magic wand tool at the cloud and the area was selected automatically. You can raise the level of pixel selection by using the tolerance slider on the menu bar.
Select > Color Range With color range, you can sample an area of color and all occurrences of this color will be selected in the image. You can grow the selection area by adjusting the fuzziness slider.the white areas are selected pixels, the gray areas are partially selected pixels, and the black area is unselected pixels..
What do I do with my selection? Now that you have created a selection, you can modify it as needed using a variety of adjustment tools and filters. Here I have applied a color balance adjustment to bring out more red ONLY in the sign selection. The filter does not affect the background.
This is the original image
Layer Masks Layer Masks allow you to work on a selection within a layer.
Brush Tool (B) ( [ ) makes brush smaller and ( ] ) makes brush larger x - toggles between black and white (black conceals + white reveals) Layer mask - Option + Shift click on the mask to view selection as red
Apple/command (I) or Image>Adjustments>Invert to INVERT YOUR SELECTION
Option click on the layer mask to view only the mask if you want to clean it up a little more
Double click on layer mask to change color or opacity Both the color and opacity settings affect only the appearance of the mask and have no effect on how underlying areas are protected. For example, you may want to change these settings to make the mask more easily visible against the colors in the image.
To choose a new mask color, in the Layer Mask Display Options dialog box, click the color swatch and choose a new color.
Make adjustments to the density or feather of the mask
Feather - you can see the feather applied if you look at the edge of the sign and building
Refine Mask You can refine the edges of your selection in a few different ways. Push command + option R, click on the Refine Edge button on your toolbar, or choose the Refine Edge dialogue box in the Select menu. This allows you to soften an edge and/or to contract or expand your selection.
- increase contrast for harder edge - adjust radius - smooth / feather You can preview your selection in various screen modes.
Dodging and Burning Curves with a Layer Mask You can also make the adjustment first, fill the mask, then paint away the area you want to change the exposure. To selectively control exposure, make a second curves adjustment layer. Adjust the curve for the correct tonal range for the portion of the image that you want to dodge or burn. Then click on the mask and fill it with black, Edit>Fill. At this point none of the new curves adjustment layer will be visible as the whole image is covered with a black mask. Then you can use the paint brush or the gradient tool to selectively remove part of the mask. For more precise control you can use selection tools to select part of the image, and then fill the selected area of the mask with white, or any value of gray. Use the masks panel, which lies next to the adjustments panel, to fine tune the edges of selections on layer masks.
Gradient Tool (G)
Sky at horizon line is now a little darker
Linear gradient Shades from the starting point to the ending point in a straight line. Radial gradient Shades from the starting point to the ending point in a circular pattern. Angle gradient Shades in a counterclockwise sweep around the starting point. Reflected gradient Shades using symmetric linear gradients on either side of the starting point. Diamond gradient Shades from the starting point outward in a diamond pattern. The ending point defines one corner of the diamond.