Human Spaceflight Activities supporting Deep Space Exploration Claude Nicollier IAA/ESA Workshop, ESTEC, Sept. 22-23, 2003 09/10/2003 1
What is «Deep Space»? 09/10/2003 2
Deep Space for Hubble 09/10/2003 3
Deep Space for Astronauts at this time 09/10/2003 4
Content Crossroads First steps: Apollo Human Access to LEO EVA/Robotics Assembly and Servicing Science/Technical work on orbit Human Access beyond LEO Recommendations Focus on the base of recent/current experience - Other speakers will present future programs 09/10/2003 5
Crossroads Columbia accident CAIB report and recommendations Implementation by NASA OSP architectures Human Space Exploration in question Opportunity to re-energize the Human Space Exploration effort, at the multinational level 09/10/2003 6
First Steps: Apollo 09/10/2003 7
The greatest adventure of all times, and a constant source of inspiration for all of us Human presence was the goal, but also a significant factor in the successful outcome of the programme 09/10/2003 8
Human Access to LEO Shuttle and Soyuz Chinese soon Next steps ESA s position 09/10/2003 9
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Options to develop Human Space Transportation Capability Soyuz from Kourou ARD Soyuz from Kazakhstan 09/10/2003 Human rated Ariane 5 15
EVA/Robotics Assembly and Servicing Hubble and ISS 09/10/2003 16
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ISS Robotics Canadarm2 represents next-generation robotics. By flipping end-over-end between anchor points it can move around the ISS like an inchworm. With its seven joints, Canadarm2 is more maneuverable than its predecessor on the shuttle and even more agile than a human arm.
ISS Robotics in the future Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator
ISS Robotics in the future (ctnd)
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Science/Technical Work on-orbit 09/10/2003 30
Science By end of 2002, 65 scientific investigations were completed using research facilities on orbit Biomedical research studying the effects of micro-gravity on human physiology Astroculture research on plant growth in space Biotechnology research and threedimensional tissue culturing Earth observations for environmental science
Science (ctnd) Assessment of Bone Loss in the Axial Skeleton in Long-Term Space flight Renal Stone Risk During Space flight: Assessment and Countermeasure Validation Physical Science experiments obtain bio-molecular crystals in low gravity environment Physics of Colloids in Space seeks answers to fundamental questions -- on nucleation, growth and morphology, etc. Calcium oxalate stone vs. Calcium oxalate crystals in the urine
Science (ctnd) Protein Crystal growth such as these space-grown crystals are more perfectly ordered and sometimes larger, allowing higher resolution x-ray analysis. Grown on Earth Grown in Space In Space Science studies aimed at discovering the sources (e.g., comets) of interplanetary cosmic-dust particles and what is heir linkage to the evolution of the solar system. Almost every chapter in the combustion textbooks will be rewritten as a result of microgravity work. -Professor Emeritus Howard Palmer, Penn State University 1g µg
Life Support Today Provided by Service Module 09/10/2003 34
Life Support in the Future Node 3 provided by ESA at Alenia in Italy U.S. Environmental Control and Life Support System CREW CABIN Urine Wastewater URINE PROCESSING Vapor Compression Distillation Distillate H2O PROCESSING Potable water Oxygen Gas Separation Filtration Volatile Removal OXYGEN GENERATION Solid Polymer Electrolysis Hydrogen Water CO2 REDUCTION Sabatier Reactor: CO 2 (g) + 4H 2 (g) 2H 2 O(l) + CH 4 (g) Carbon Dioxide overboard
Human Access beyond LEO Lagrange points of the Earth-Sun system Mars 1. Radiation issue 2. Medical 3. Aborts Beyond Mars 09/10/2003 36
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Recommendations Use ISS as a test bed for deep space exploration technology development Go back to Hubble, keep it active >2012 Re-energize Human Space Exploration 1. Access to LEO 2. Beyond LEO Involve all Partners 09/10/2003 42
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Exploring other worlds to realize human dreams and be productive in science and technological development 09/10/2003 44
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