Application of Standards for Visual Representation of ALM Objects Adolf Knoll National Library of the Czech Republic What do we wish to achieve? Access to various types of information, preferably over networks Publications incl. fulltext Visual documentation of museum objects, sites, monuments of architecture, Besides the so-called catalogue information we need direct access through various technologies Types of objects: libraries and archives Classical documents: books, periodicals, manuscripts, letters, maps, postcards, Other analogue documents: microforms, video and audio recordins, slides, Digital documents All on various carriers: paper, parchment, silk, glass, palm leaves, tape, disks, various plastic carriers, 1
Types of objects: museums Paintings Various 3D objects incl. those documenting development of techniques and technology Archeological sites Architectural monuments Geological and paleontological Events and performances Archeological site Site Empú ries Digital photograph Representation of the concrete object Postcard Identification description of the site Identification description of the postcard postcard JPEG, 24-bit, 355x251 pxl, 75 dpi, Physical description is part of the identification Identification record It describes general and concrete attributes of the object Catalogue record It has a recommended structure, which: Reflects the needs of the concrete area Enables communication; therefore, it gets standardized step by step 2
Document - identification Description or cataloguing rules: AACR2 (modern documents) MASTER (manuscripts) Dublin Core (on-line documents) DIEPER (periodicals) Formal expression of the standardized description MARC UNIMARC, INTERMARC, MARC21 (USMARC), MAB2 MASTER DTD for description of MSS DIEPER DTD (unfortunately uncompleted) Dublin Core as cataloguing in published electronic documents Syntactical expression of the formalized description Labelled format with names of fields MARC or any other structured labelled lines ASCII file SGML file (which type, which DTD?) DOBM (Memoriae Mundi, Kramerius) TEI (MASTER) XML (Memoriae Mundi from 2002) 3
Three levels of understanding Cataloguing rules e.g. AACR2 Formalized in MARC Formalized in DublinCore Formalized in MASTER Labelled format HTML/metatags DOBM XML SGML TEI Museum object identification AMICO Data Specification Catalogue CDWA Categories for the Description of Works of Art Object ID Systè mes descriptifs (architecture, movable objects incl. technological ones, ) CIDOC Information Categories Van Eyck, VRA, AFRICOM, MIDAS (architecture, archeology), RLG Cultural Materials Alliance Description Guidelines Great variety of rules Museum object formal structuring and syntax Some standards do not speak about this Several known standards have a labelled format (CDWA, AMICO, ) There are attempts to apply XML (British SPECTRUM DTD in development) 4
Thesaurus of Geographic Names Compatibility of identification terms Documents Standardized recording of the same entity (authority files, thesauri) Personal names Subject Titles (partly) Corporate bodies Iconography (ICONCLASS) Union List of Artists Names The Art and Architecture Theasaurus DATE Museum objects Recommended dictionaries, thesauri Personal names (e.g. ULAN) Places (e.g. TGN) Subject (e.g. AAT, MET) Multilingual Egyptological Thesaurus CDWA Oil painting subject Adoration of the Magi Various approaches: generic identification vs. subject identification Document Nieuport 17 Military aircraft Propeller aircraft Historical aircraft Transport vehicles Author, publisher, date of publication,. Technical object Description of the aircraft Description of the engine Description of the photograph What have I on-line now? 5
All these various pieces of information should be interconnected and made deliverable Identification and location Choice of approriate standards and their formal expressions Cataloguing of objects and creation of databases Formal bridging of databases, e.g. SFX technology (Metalib) Semantic bridging!!! Digitization of objects and their analogue representations Choice of standard data formats Choice of complex e- doc formats (XML) Creation of digital libraries What do we do now? Identification record based MASTER DTD Technical record based on the NISO draft and ICC profiles Description of component parts Technical description of the s of component parts JPEG preview JPEG user JPEG archival MrSID (maps) TIFF/G4 DjVu Fulltext tagged in SGML TEI For representation of museum objects this can be done in an analogue manner. Samples Celtic sites in Bohemia Books and articles Photograps of the arechological site I, II Museum objects History of a town Books and articles Video and movies Digital representations e.g. postcards 6
Grand-father s mill in Hronov Old cemetery Memory stone Place 7