Migrating 4195A to E61B LF-RF Network Analyzer April 2010 Agilent Technologies Page 1
Contents Overview of 4195A to E61B migration Migrating 4195A to E61B in network measurements Migrating 4195A to E61B in impedance measurements Page 2
Why migrate your 4195A to E61B 4195A network / spectrum / impedance analyzer 10 Hz to 0 MHz E61B with option 3L5 LF-RF network analyzer 5 Hz to 3 GHz Network measurement & Impedance measurement E61B offers more comfortable network & impedance measurements for your labs. Faster speed & better performance Wider frequency coverage More flexibility & easy-to-use Much smaller footprint Page 3
E61B at a glance Zin=1 Mohm / ohm ATT=20 db / 0 db T R 5 Hz to 30 MHz DC bias source 5 Hz to 3 GHz ATT ATT R1 R2 Zin Zin T1 T2 Gain-phase test port S-parameter test port 5 Hz to 3 GHz frequency T R LF OUT Gain-phase Port-1 Port-2 S-parameter S-parameter test port (5 Hz to 3 GHz, ohm) Gain-phase test port with 1 Mohm input (5 Hz to 30 MHz, Zin=1 Mohm / ohm) Wide dynamic range down to LF Built-in DC bias source (up to +/- 40 Vdc, max 100 madc, sweepable) Impedance measurement with VBA program Page 4
Comparison of major functions 4195A Network / Spectrum / Impedance Analyzer Frequency range 10 Hz to 0 MHz 5 Hz to 3 GHz Measurement functions Network measurement Impedance measurement Spectrum measurement Test port S / R / T port x 2 High-Z input DC bias source - Transmission measurement (10 Hz to 0 MHz, with power splitter) - Reflection measurement (100 khz to 0 MHz, with 41952A) External active probe (single, or dual probes) 0 to +-40 Vdc (20 madc max.), sweepable DC output only E61B-3L5 LF-RF Network Analyzer Network measurement Impedance measurement (with VBA program) Built-in S-parameter test port (5 Hz to 3 GHz) Gain-phase test port (S / R / T, 5 Hz to 30 MHz) Built-in 1 Mohm inputs (5 Hz to 30 MHz, 1 Mohm//30 pf) External active probe (single probe only) 0 to +-40 Vdc (100 madc max.), sweepable DC output, and AC+DC output Impedance measurement Firmware function VBA sample program Measurement method Reflection method with 41951A (for low to mid-z range, 100 khz to 0 MHz) Reflection method (for low to mid Z-range) Series-thru method (for mid to high Z-range, 5 Hz to 30 MHz with gain-phase test port) Shunt-thru method (for very low Z-range) Fixture compensation Open/Short Open/Short (calculated by VBA program) Equivalent circuit analysis Yes No Trace math Define math Equation editor Built-in programming Auto Sequence Program VBA Saving measurement data No Trace data (CSV, Touchstone), Graphic (PNG, BMP) Data storage FDD HDD, USB memory, etc Interface GPIB GPIB, LAN, USB, USBTMC Page 5
For spectrum measurements Recommended to migrate to dedicated spectrum analyzers. N9000A CSA signal analyzer (9 khz to 3 GHz / 7.5 GHz) N9010A EXA signal analyzer (9 khz to 3.6 GHz / 7 GHz / 13.6 GHz / 26.5 GHz) N9020A MXA signal analyzer (20 Hz to 3.6 GHz / 8.4 GHz / 13.6 GHz / 26.5 GHz) Page 6
Contents Overview of 4195A to E61B migration Migrating 4195A to E61B in network measurements Migrating 4195A to E61B in impedance measurements Page 7
Network measurement for ohm devices - Filters, cables, transformers, amplifiers, etc Transmission measurement with 4195A+ power splitter 10 Hz to 0 MHz With E61B s built-in S-parameter test set Power splitter DUT S11 S12 DUT S21 S22 S11 41952A DUT S21 Transmission/reflection measurement with 4195A + 41952A T/R test set 100 khz to 0 MHz Not possible to measure S11 and S21 simultaneously. Wider frequency range (5 Hz to 3 GHz) No external test set needed Simultaneously measures S11 to S22 Better dynamic range Faster speed e.g. Sweep time in the 100 db dynamic range setting (@ f>1 MHz): 4195A 15 sec E61B. < msec Page 8
Network measurement for ohm devices - Filters, cables, transformers, amplifiers, etc 10.7 MHz BPF measurement with E61B Ch1: narrow span linear sweep Trace-1: S21 LogMag Trace-3: S11 LogMag Trace-2: S21 Delay Multi-traces & Multi-channels (up to 4-trace x 4-ch) Trace-4: S11 Smith Ch2: broadband log sweep -120 db 100 Hz 1 GHz Excellent dynamic range down to LF range Wider frequency coverage Page 9
Amplifier measurement with high-z probing With E61B + 41800A (5 Hz to 0 MHz) Equivalent to 4195A s configuration Power splitter 41800A active probe You can choose either of two methods depending on - Test frequency range - Probing capacitance With E61B s 1 Mohm inputs (5 Hz to 30 MHz) More handy probing method for LF applications Z L Z L NOTE: Response thru cal should be performed by probing DUT s input port. 1 Mohm inputs 10:1 passive probes (Cin=10 or 15 pf) Z L Page 10
Amplifier measurement with DC bias With E61B + 41800A (5 Hz to 0 MHz) AC+DC DC AC DC bias summing circuit (or bias-t) + Power splitter Z L 41800A active probe With E61B s built-in 1 Mohm inputs (5 Hz to 30 MHz) Z L DC bias can be internally applied to source signal from 5 Hz. DC biased measurement for single-supply amplifier Need external DC bias summing circuit. Lower-end frequency range may be limited by DC bias summing circuit. 1 Mohm inputs AC+DC Z L 10:1 passive probes (Cin=10 or 15 pf) Page 11
Measuring voltage tunable devices - Variable Gain Amplifiers, tunable-antennas, MEMS-resonators, etc DC Use LF OUT port as sweepable DC source. DC Tuning voltage Vtune Variable Gain Amp Vtune=3 Vdc (Data) 2 Vdc (Mem) 1 Vdc (Mem) 0 Vdc (Mem) CH1: Freq. vs. Gain Freq sweep 1 MHz to 100 MHz CH2: Vtune vs. Gain DC bias sweep 0 to 3 Vdc, CW=10 MHz 0 Vdc 3 Vdc Page 12
Contents Overview of 4195A to E61B migration Migrating 4195A to E61B in network measurements Migrating 4195A to E61B in impedance measurements Page 13
Impedance measurement solution for E61B Based-on VBA application sample program Impedance parameters are calculated and plotted with equation editor function. Series-thru, Shut-thru, and Reflection methods are possible. Limitations: The following functions are not available in this VBA-based solution for E61B. 3-element and 4-element equivalent circuit analysis Power sweep & DC bias sweep #1 NOTE #1: To measure frequency-dependent impedance parameters such as capacitance and inductance in the power sweep and DC-bias sweep, manually modify the term xaxis of the equation to the CW value. Page 14
Impedance measurement VBA program for E61B Select measurement mode. Z parameters are calculated with equation editor and displayed with unit U. Setup stimulus conditions, perform calibration, and select three Z parameters to be measured. 1.0312 nu 1.0312 nf Capacitance 43.652 U 43.652 db Z _db = 20*Log Z Page 15
Migrating impedance measurement of 4195A To measure similar Z range Reflection method with E61B s built-in bridge For small to middle Z range 5 Hz to >1 GHz 4195A + 41951A Z test kit Reflection method Covers small to middle Z range 100 khz to 0 MHz To measure higher & lower Z ranges Series thru method with E61B s gain-phase port For middle to large Z range 5 Hz to 30 MHz Sunt-thru method For very small Z range 5 Hz to >1 GHz Three methods are possible with E61B and Z measurement VBA program Page 16
Sensitive range Measurement methods supported by E61B s Z measurement solution (case of using ohm receivers) Series-thru method * For middle to large-z DUTs * Not applicable to grounded DUTs * Zdut = x 2 x (1-S21)/S21 V T Zdut S21=V T /V R V R Measured AC voltage at V T Shunt-thru method * For small-z DUTs * Zdut = x S21/(2 x (1-S21)) V T S21=V T /V R Zdut V R Shunt -thru 0.1 ohm ohm Reflection 10 k ohm Seriesthru Zdut Shunt-thru Reflection method * For middle-z DUTs * Zdut = x (1+S11)/(1-S11) Zdut S11=V T /V R V T V R Reflection Series-thru V T significantly varies: High-sensitivity for Z measurement Page 17
Impedance Z (ohm) E61B s solution covers wider Z range with three measurement methods 10M 1M 100K Series-thru method with gain-phase test port 10K 1K Reflection method 100 10 1 100m 10m 1m Shunt-thru method 1 10 100 1K 10K 100K 1M 10M 100M 1G Frequency (Hz) Page 18
Reflection method Configuration example 16092A fixture (~ 0 MHz) For middle Z-range (Zdut=0.1 ohm to 1 kohm) Need Open/Short/Load cal short P/N 0699-2829 SMD ohm 7 mm fixture stand (P/N 04287-60121) 10 uh inductor measurement Test freq=100 khz to 100 MHz Source= -10 dbm, IFBW=Auto / 100 Hz-limit 7 mm to 3.5 mm(f) adapter (P/N 12-1747 fits to 04287-60121) N(m)-SMA(f) adapter (P/N 12-2879) SMA(m)-SMA(m) semi-rigid cable (cm) Open/Short/Load cal at fixture DUT 10 uh 1 kohm Z [ohm] Ls [henry] 60 db (=1 kohm) 20*log Z [db] NOTE: Re-perform the calibration if you changed the source power setting, especially when measuring >1 kohm ranges and setting the source power to >0 dbm. Page 19
If you want to use 7 mm cal kit of 41951A Open/Short compensation at fixture Open/Short/Load cal with 7 mm cal kit of 41951A NOTES: - The VBA program calculate open/short compensation by using the equation editor. - The open and short measurement data is stored to memory traces. - Not possible to define the open admittance and the short impedance. Page 20
Series-thru method with gain-phase test port (up to 30 MHz) For middle to large Z-range (Zdut=1 ohm to >100 kohm) Need Open/Short/Load cal at fixture ( implemented with 1-port full cal + S11-to-Z conversion for T/R port) 4-Terminal-Pair type fixture Lc Lp V T Zdut Hp Hc T R LF OUT Zin= ohm Zin=1 Mohm + V R Internal DC bias applicable to capacitive DUTs 16047E 4TP fixture 1 nf capacitor measurement Test freq=100 Hz to 30 MHz Source=7 dbm, IFBW=Auto / 20 Hz-limit Z-parameters plotted with equation editor function (using S11-to-Z conversion equations). Calibration open short bar ohm R Examples of load: P/N 0699-2829 SMD ohm P/N 0699-2014 Axial-lead ohm (ESL = approx. 14 nh with minimum lead length) 1 nf 100 db (=100 kohm) Cp [farad] 20*log( Z ) [db] 100 kohm Z [ohm] ( Load s ESL=14 nh can be set with the following load definitions; Offset Z0=0 ohm, Offset delay=14 nh / 0 ohm = 28 psec ) VBA macro for assisting equation setup Page 21
Shunt-thru method For small Z-range (down to milliohms / sub-milliohms) Calibration method depending on measurement configuration and test freq With S-param. test port (<= 3 GHz): For most of capacitors, and PCB measurements 20*log( Z ) [db] Z [ohm] (Linear scale) Test board (user-prepared) Cal: SOLT (2-port full), or Resp. thru Z-phase [deg] S21 [db] With gain-phase test port (<= 30 MHz): For very-large capacitors (milli-farad order), DC-DC converters MLCC measurement in broad freq. range Test freq=100 Hz to 1 GHz Z-parameters plotted with Z-conversion function. 2-port full cal + Port extension T: Zin= ohm R: Zin= ohm Cal: Resp. thru, or Open/Short/Load Page 22
Shunt-thru method with High-Z inputs and DC bias T (Zin=1 Mohm) Ri R (Zin=1 Mohm) DC-biased MLCC measurement Test freq=100 Hz to 10 MHz Z-parameters plotted with equation editor function. (using S11-to-Z conversion equations). V T DUT V R + Built-in DC bias source Open Short Cs [farad] 37 uf @10 khz ESR [ohm] Open/Short/Load cal (using 1-port full cal function and S11-to-Z conv.) Load ohm Z [ohm] (Linear scale) Bias=0 Vdc Apply 3 Vdc bias. T: Zin=1 Mohm R: Zin=1 Mohm Ri Or use power splitter 29 uf @10 khz T-connector Ri=10 to ohm Bias=3 Vdc Page 23