Technical Meeting on Topical Issues in the Development of Nuclear Power Infrastructure Vienna, Austria, 3-6 Feb 2015 SAFETY CULTURE IN VIET NAM Prof. Dr. VUONG Huu Tan Director General Vietnam Agency for Radiation and Nuclear Safety (VARANS) 1
Content I. On-going NPP Project and the Regulatory Body II. Vietnamese Culture and Safety Culture III. Safety Culture Promotion for Nuclear Power Project IV. Conclusion 2
I. On-going NPP Project in Viet Nam National road-map for the first NPPs Phase 1 Phase 2a Phase 2b Phase 3 Operation Decision in principle (2009) Call for bids Call for bids Commissioning Milestone 1 Milestone 2a Milestone 2b Milestone 3 NA Pre-FS Approval (Primary Site Evaluation) Prime Minister Site Approval (Final Site Evaluation) FS Approval MOST Construction Permit MOIT Operation License Ninh Thuan 2 NPP => Construction: Unclear Capacity: 2 x 1000 MW Counterpart: Japan Technology: AP1000, ATMEA1 Ninh Thuan 1 NPP => Construction (tentatively): 2017-2023 Capacity: 2 x 1200 MW Counterpart: ROSATOM (Russia) Technology: VVER AES 2006 3
I. Key Stakeholders & Nuclear Regulatory Body National Assembly GOVERNMENT Vietnam NEPIO State Assessment Council National Nuclear Safety Council MOST MOIT MONRE MOFA Dept. of Legislation Ministerial Inspectorate Dept. of Int l Cooperation VARANS VAEA General Dept. of Energy EVN The Viet Nam RB performs 3 S functions Division of Administration & Personnel Division of Licensing VARANS Inspectorate Division of Legislation and Policy Division of Nuclear Safeguards & Security Division of Safety Standards Division of International Cooperation 63 DOSTs VINATOM External TSOs (Domestic & International) Center for Training and Information Regional Center in Ho Chi Minh City TSC for 4 Nuclear & Radiation Safety and Emergency Response 4
II. Vietnamese Culture and Safety Culture Vietnam is characterized by Eastern agricultural culture In favor of personal emotions rather than the rules in working Younger persons respect and depend on the elderly, which results in limitation of autonomy, creativity in safety-related activities As an agricultural country, most people working in the industrial zones come from rural areas with habits and practices of agricultural production that limit the formation of industrial working style and sense for compliance with labor rules Managers interested more in economic efficiency than in safety Employees is subjective on safety for their health and own lives and safety of communities: Failure to observe work procedures and violation of labor rules 5
II. Vietnamese Culture and Safety Culture Illustrative Examples Safety culture in traffic Consciousness for observance of traffic laws: Intentionally violating traffic laws whenever there is no traffic police control Violations of the law not strictly enforced Safety culture in industrial facilities Workers do not have the industrial style of work and positive view of the responsibility to develop a safety culture Safety culture mostly was at level of compliance Safety issues was considered as work of the organization by individuals 6 Violations not strictly enforced.
II. Vietnamese Culture and Safety Culture Challenges for enhancing safety culture in Viet Nam No experience with nuclear power in terms of scientific and technique knowledge as well as management experience Standards of safety culture has not really been fully aware Views on safety culture is still low mainly to comply with the regulations and do not have a positive view on the nature of the safety culture National cultural creates limitations in development of safety culture in the true sense Lifestyle and habits of the individual, as well as less positive view of the organization is a major barrier to develop safety culture Safety culture is heavily influenced by economic pressures Development of privatization along with the pressure to reduce costs is a contributing factor 7
III. Safety Culture Promotion for NPP The challenge for developing safety culture in the operating organizations The operating organization has the advantage to have experience in developing a culture of safety in the industry, but the culture of safety is only at the level of compliance with the regulations; development of safety culture in accordance with the current philosophy and requirements for the nuclear industry will be hampered by the safety culture existing in the general industries. Pressure on the progress of the project, the economics of the project which lead to the compromise on the safety criteria will be factors that impact on the safety culture of the organization. Individual's perception from management to operational level of morality and responsibility for ensuring safety is influenced from the point of view, traditional culture and the current working style. 8
II. Vietnamese Culture and Safety Culture The challenge for developing safety culture in Regulatory Bodies The concept of safety culture in regulatory bodies are not defined explicitly: People s understanding of the concept of safety culture and approach to form and develop a culture of safety within the organization is very less. A point of view that safety culture is a matter of operating organizations not a matter of concern of RB is still a point of view of many people. There are no policies related to building and developing a culture of safety in the management bodies. 9
II. Vietnamese Culture and Safety Culture Stakeholder s challenge for developing safety culture Scientific community and scientists: The scientists play an importance role for the formation of opinions, building policies, making decision and control of the implementation of safety in practice, however, a deep understanding on issues related to the safety of nuclear power projects of Vietnamese scientists is limited Public and society : Opinions of public and society have a major impact on requirements for the establishment and development of safety culture, but limited understanding of the public about the safety of nuclear power plants could lead to indifferent or have extreme views on nuclear power. 10
II. Vietnamese Culture and Safety Culture The results of studies and safety inspection in some industrial facilities in Viet Nam has shown weaknesses in safety culture Weak commitment of leaders to safety Lack of a systematic approach to develop safety culture Safety procedures are not fully implemented Dealing with competence authorities rather than voluntary implementation of safety objectives Employees lack of self-consciousness in compliance with safety regulations Safety problem is not analyzed in-depth to draw lessons learned Safety concerns are not timely addressed Attention given to technical aspects and not on human factors Lack of self-assessment process on safety culture 11
III. Safety Culture Promotion for NPP General perspective: Embarking the nuclear power program, Viet Nam has learnt a lot of experience from other countries to realize clearly that nuclear safety is of utmost importance for decision-making. Development of safety culture in all relevant organizations and individuals is an important task in the nuclear power development program in Viet Nam. 12
III. Safety Culture Promotion for NPP Policy statement on safety at the national level National point of view of safety for practices using of nuclear radiation in general and nuclear power in particular has been specified in the Atomic Energy Law: All activities must ensure the safety of people and the environment; Safety requirements for nuclear power is confirmed in national policies through National Assembly: To ensure the highest level of safety for nuclear power projects, including selection of proven technology, development of national infrastructure to ensure nuclear safety management at the highest level. Policy statement on safety at the facility level Operating organization is required to establish a written safety policy statement reaffirmed their commitment to safety in all phases of the project 13
III. Safety Culture Promotion for NPP Activities of the Regulatory Body: Conducting some research projects on safety culture: Clarification of safety culture concept and the criteria for the formation and development of safety culture in Vietnam; Assessment of safety culture existing in industrial facilities; Application of measures to enhance the safety culture; Lessons learned for the development of safety culture in nuclear power. Establishing national legal system taking into account good practices from nuclear power countries 14
III. Safety Culture Promotion for NPP Activities of the Regulatory Body (cont): Developing human resources with competence to oversee safety in every stage of the nuclear power project: site evaluation, design safety evaluation, manufacturing, construction, commissioning, operation Establishing a mechanism to monitor safety culture in nuclear power plants basing on the guidelines of the IAEA (IAEA Draft - TECHDOC - DD 1070) Including safety culture in the content of mandatory safety training program for radiation workers 15
III. Safety Culture Promotion for NPP Activities of the operating organization aimed to promote safety culture: Following IAEA guidance to establish strategy for promotion of safety culture in the operating organization. Application of actions for improving safety culture within the organization from the early stage of the project 16
IV. Conclusion Viet Nam clearly understands that nuclear safety issues are the most concerned when decide embarking nuclear power programme. Specific actions are being taken for improvement of safety culture: Development of legal system taking into account best practices and learned lessons from nuclear power countries; Enhancing the understanding of safety culture in leaders, management, scientists and people at working level; Implementation of the national HDR program for RB, operating organization, TSO, promotion organizations; Establishment of a management system to ensure safety culture is implemented and no compromise on quality be accepted in all phases of the nuclear power project. 17
IV. Conclusion Viet Nam committed to ensuring the highest level of safety for nuclear power projects, ongoing activities is for this goal Sharing experiences and international cooperation is an essential factor for rapidly forming and developing a culture of safety for the first nuclear power program 18
For more information, please visit our website: http://www.varans.vn Thank you for your attention! 19