Passwords ScienceVocabulary D
Table To the of Student Contents Ecosystem. Sedimentary. Magnetic field. Sometimes it seems that scientists speak a language all their own. Passwords: Science Vocabulary will help you learn the words you need to do well in science. The lessons in this book are about science topics you will be studying. Those topics come from Life Science, Earth Science, and Physical Science. Every lesson focuses on ten words that will help you understand the science topic. The lessons include a reading selection that uses all ten words. Four practice activities follow the selection. Using each vocabulary word many times will help you remember the word and its meaning. A writing activity ends the lesson. You will use the words you have learned to write a poem, a story, or a short article. If you need help with a vocabulary word as you do the activities, use the Glossary at the back of the book. The Glossary tells you what each word means. It shows you the correct way to say the word. It also has pictures to help you understand the meaning of difficult words. As you work on the lessons, you may learn other science words besides the vocabulary words. Keep track of those other words in My Science Vocabulary on pages 94 98. Do you know what root words are? Do you know what prefixes and suffixes are? Turn to pages 99 and 100 to learn about roots, prefixes, and suffixes. Find out how they can help you understand science words. Soon you ll be talking and writing just like a scientist! ISBN 978-0-7609-4272-7 2007 Curriculum Associates, Inc. North Billerica, MA 01862 No part of this book may be reproduced by any means without written permission from the publisher. All Rights Reserved. Printed in USA. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Table of Contents LIFE SCIENCE Lesson 1: Cells............................................4 Lesson 2: Ecosystems......................................10 Lesson 3: Food Chains....................................16 Lesson 4: Adaptation.....................................22 Lesson 5: Passing on Traits.................................28 EARTH SCIENCE Lesson 6: Rocks..........................................34 Lesson 7: Earth s Changing Surface..........................40 Lesson 8: Soil............................................46 Lesson 9: The Water Cycle.................................52 Lesson 10: Earth and the Solar System........................58 PHYSICAL SCIENCE Lesson 11: Matter........................................64 Lesson 12: Forces and Motion...............................70 Lesson 13: Heat..........................................76 Lesson 14: Light and Sound................................82 Lesson 15: Electricity and Magnetism........................88 My Science Vocabulary....................................94 Root Words.............................................99 Prefixes and Suffixes.....................................100 Glossary..............................................101
LESSON 12 force length Motion is all around you. It may be the path of a baseball. The wheels of a bike. The s of water in a lake. How do you describe the different kinds of motion? What causes them? What stops them? Read this selection to learn more. Forces Forces and Motion A ball cannot move by itself. It needs a force to move. A force is a push or a pull. If the force is strong enough, it will move the ball. Gravity is a force that pulls objects toward each other. The force of gravity pulls things toward Earth. Weight is a measure of the pull gravity has on an object. There is less gravity on the moon than on Earth. So your would be less on the moon than it is on Earth. Friction is another force. There is whenever two things rub against each other. Friction slows things down. There s between bicycle tires and a road. That helps the tires grip the road. Friction between bike tires and the road keep the bike from slipping. 70 Physical Science
Motion A force can change the speed of an object. Speed is how fast something moves over a certain. Distance is the amount of space between two places. A force can also change. Velocity is the speed and direction in which something moves. Imagine two planes are moving at the same speed, but in different directions. Those planes have different velocities. Waves Whenever anything moves, energy is used. Energy itself moves. When you shake a rope, energy moves from your hand to the rope. The energy then travels along the rope in s. A is the way energy moves from one place to another. Most s look like hills and valleys. The high point of a is the. The low point is the. The from one to the next is the length. Some s travel faster than others. Frequency is the number of s that pass a point in one second. Light s have a higher than sound s. That means light s travel faster. That s why you may see lightning before you hear thunder, even though the sound and the light take place at the same time. A passes energy from one place to another. Planes have the same if they move at the same speed and in the same direction. Waves that are close together have a high. Waves that are far apart have a low. My Science Vocabulary Go to page 97 to list other words you have learned about forces and motion. Physical Science 71
force length A. Circle the word that best answers each question. 1. I am the rubbing of two objects against each other. What am I? 2. I am a push or a pull. What am I? force 3. I am the way energy moves from one place to another. What am I? length 4. I am the amount of space between two places. What am I? 5. I am the low point of a. What am I? 6. I am the number of s that pass a point in one second. What am I? force 7. I am the between the s of two s. What am I? length 8. I am the speed and direction in which something moves. What am I? 9. I am a measure of the pull gravity has on an object. What am I? 10. I am the high point of a. What am I? 72 Physical Science
force length B. Circle the word that makes sense in each sentence. Then write the word. 1. If two people run six miles per hour in the same direction, they will have the same (, ). 2. To move a heavy box, you use a (force, ). 3. Energy moves along a (, ). 4. The space between New York and Los Angeles is a (, ) of 3,000 miles. 5. The between the s of two s is the (length, ) 6. The (, ) between your sneakers and a wood floor keeps you from sliding. 7. Earth s gravity is stronger than the moon s, so this book s (, ) is greater on Earth. 8. The (, ) of a is its high point. 9. The more s that pass through a point in one second, the higher the (, ). 10. The low point of a is its (, ). WORD ROOT The word has its roots in the Latin word fricare, which means to rub. Physical Science 73
force length C. Choose the correct vocabulary word to complete each sentence. 1. You may see lightning before you hear thunder because light s have a higher than sound s. 2. When two planes are moving at the same speed and in the same direction, they have the same. 3. Is it a short or far from your home to school? 4. There is between car tires and a road. 5. A and a are part of a. 6. Gravity pulls on you with greater force than on a baby, so your is greater. 7. A s is like a valley. 8. Gravity is a that pulls objects toward Earth. 9. From the of one to the of the next is a. 10. A s looks like the top of a hill. 74 Physical Science
force length D. Use each word in a sentence that shows you understand the meaning of the word. 1. force 6. 2. 7. 3. 8. 4. 9. length 5. 10. Write! Write your response to the prompt on a separate sheet of paper. Use as many vocabulary words as you can in your writing. Imagine playing a sport, such as baseball or soccer. Describe how forces can change how fast and how far the ball moves. Physical Science 75