ROOP LAL Unit-6 Shaper & Planer Mechanical Engineering Department

Similar documents
PLANING MACHINE. Crossrail. Tool head. Table. Table. reciprocating movement Roller. Bed. Open Side Planer Sketch S-8.1-A. Feed screws.

UNIT 4: (iii) Illustrate the general kinematic system of drilling machine and explain its working principle

ROOP LAL Unit-6 Lathe (Turning) Mechanical Engineering Department

Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology (AUST) Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering

INDEX. S.No. Name of the Experiment Page No.

SHAPER, MILLING AND GEAR CUTTING MACHINES

ROOP LAL Unit-6 (Milling) Mechanical Engineering Department

Drilling. Drilling is the operation of producing circular hole in the work-piece by using a rotating cutter called DRILL.

Chapter 24 Machining Processes Used to Produce Various Shapes.

The new generation with system accessories. Made in Europe!

UNIT 5: Indexing: Simple, compound, differential and angular indexing calculations. Simple problems on simple and compound indexing.

Module 1. Classification of Metal Removal Processes and Machine tools. Version 2 ME IIT, Kharagpur

ME MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY-I VARUVAN VADIVELAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DHARMAPURI LAB MANUAL

Shaping, Planing and Slotting Operations

The new generation with system accessories. Made in Germany!

CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION TO MACHINING

The new generation with system accessories. Made in Germany!

TURNING BORING TURNING:

SHAPING AND PLANING Shaping and planing

HM-47 - Mill Drill - Geared & Tilting Head with DRO (X) 540mm (Y) 185mm (Z) 410mm Includes Digital Readout, Dovetail Column & Stand

Chapter 25. Other Machining Processes. Materials Processing. MET Manufacturing Processes. Shaping Planing Broaching Sawing Filing

HM-54GV - Turret Milling Machine Inverter Variable Speed, Geared Head Horizontal & Vertical

Module 4 General Purpose Machine Tools. Version 2 ME, IIT Kharagpur

MODEL H-9 HEAVY DUTY BENCH-TYPE UNDERCUTTER INSTRUCTIONS

Chapter 24. Machining Processes Used to Produce Various Shapes: Milling, Broaching, Sawing, and Filing; Gear Manufacturing

Turning and Related Operations

TU-3008G-20M - Opti-Turn Lathe & Mill Drill Combination Package Deal 300 x 700mm Included BF-20AV Mill Head

TU-3008G-16M - Opti-Turn Lathe & Mill Drill Combination Package Deal 300 x 700mm Included BF-16AV Mill Head

LANDMARK UNIVERSITY, OMU-ARAN

PZS. Precision vices. Precision vices PZS

.com More than a machine. Power your life

no mm no Dividers with scriber 150 mm NEW Square wedge-shaped knife edges on the length side

MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY

HM-32 - Mill Drill - Belt Drive (X) 540mm (Y) 190mm (Z) 410mm

Chapter 22 MACHINING OPERATIONS AND MACHINE TOOLS

PRODUCTION ENGINEERING LAB II

HM-50 - Turret Milling Machine (X) 600mm (Y) 200mm (Z) 340mm Includes Digital Readout, Vice & Collet Chuck System

HM-46 - Mill Drill - Geared & Tilting Head (X) 475mm (Y) 195mm (Z) 450mm Dovetail Column

Chapter 22: Turning and Boring Processes. DeGarmo s Materials and Processes in Manufacturing

MACHINE TOOLS LAB MANUAL. B. Tech III Year - I Semester DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. Aurora s Technological And Research Institute

HM-46 - Mill Drill - Geared & Tilting Head (X) 475mm (Y) 195mm (Z) 450mm Dovetail Column

HM-50 - Turret Milling Machine Package with Digital Readout & Tooling Accessories (X) 600mm (Y) 220mm (Z) 340mm

Precision made in Germany. As per DIN The heart of a system, versatile and expandable.

1. The Lathe. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Main parts of a lathe

Pull-down clamps. No Low height clamping jaws, model Bulle

Advantages, Function and Characteristics of the DMwriter MX.

P225 STANDARD FEATURES OPTIONAL FEATURES

TYPES OF LATHE. Bench lathe It is mounted on bench, and has the same features like engine lathe

Screws. Introduction. 1. Nuts, bolts and screws used to clamp things together. Screws are used for two purposes:

Lathe is a machine, which removes the metal from a piece of work to the required shape & size HENRY MAUDSLAY

Lathes. CADD SPHERE Place for innovation Introduction

Processing and Quality Assurance Equipment

HM-48 - Mill Drill - Geared & Tilting Head with DRO (X) 540mm (Y) 185mm (Z) 410mm Includes Digital Readout, Dovetail Column, Power Feed & Stand

An Adjustable Threading Feed Attachment for a Lathe Without Metric Threading Capability, by Ted Clarke

Milling. Chapter 24. Veljko Samardzic. ME-215 Engineering Materials and Processes

PESIT-BANGALORE SOUTH CAMPUS Hosur Road 1 KM before Electronic City, Bangalore DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MACHINE SHOP 15MEL48B

Turning and Lathe Basics

I 640 West. c Offi. pany Phone. c ~ g CHICAGO 6. Ill. M h:tjryant OMPOUND RING BAR SUPPORT. GilBERT C DEarbom ~.

DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING OF SLOTTING ATTACHMENT ON DRILLING MACHINE

Machining Processes Used to Produce Various Shapes. Dr. Mohammad Abuhaiba

BHARATHIDASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE NATTRAMPALLI DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY MANUAL ME6411-MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LAB- II

HEAVY DUTY BENCH GRINDERS

Module 4 General Purpose Machine Tools. Version 2 ME, IIT Kharagpur

March weeks. surcharge for

4. PRESS AND PRESS WORK

Specifications: Hole Sizes: Selector Pin Hole: 3/8 (0.375 ) Trigger Pin Hole: 5/32 (0.156 ) Hammer Pin Holes: 5/32 (0.156 )

A H M 531 The Civil Engineering Center

SPIDA SAW OPERATIONS MANUAL

T-Slot Clamps Rotagrip Ltd Tel Website

HA-2 INDUSTRIAL UNDERCUTTER INSTRUCTIONS. Caution!

MACHINE TOOLS LAB LABORATORY MANUAL

Credit Value 7 QCF Level 2 GLH 50. Learner pack

Chapter 24. Machining Processes Used to Produce Various Shapes: Milling

Hornsby Woodworking Men s Shed. Guide to the Shed s Woodworking Machines

QUICK, FLEXIBLE AND COPLANAR

Centre Grinding Machines

FLOOR TYPE HORIZONTAL BORING MILLS

Series 8 Mark II. Universal Vertical Band Saw

Roll No. :.. Invigilator s Signature :.. CS/B.Tech (ME)/SEM-5/ME-504/ TECHNOLOGY OF MACHINING. Time Allotted : 3 Hours Full Marks : 70

BUILD YOUR OWN MACHINE TOOLS CASTINGS

Typical Parts Made with These Processes

SHAPERS, PLANERS, AND ENGRAVERS

INTERAPID Small Bench SHE.30 or SHE.35

Machining Processes Turning

CHAPTER 23 Machining Processes Used to Produce Various Shapes Kalpakjian Schmid Manufacturing Engineering and Technology 2001 Prentice-Hall Page 23-1

Useful accessories for lathe and milling systems.

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF DUAL SIDE SHAPER MACHINE USING SCOTCH YOKE MECHANISM

Turret Milling Machine Geared Head Horizontal - Vertical

Tu r n y o u r p r e s s b r a k e o r p u n c h p r e s s i n t o a h o l e p u n c h i n g p r o f i t c e n t e r.

Technical T-A & GEN2 T-A GEN3SYS APX. Revolution & Core Drill. ASC 320 Solid Carbide. AccuPort 432. Page CONTENTS. Set-up Instructions 256

Design for machining

Design and Fabrication of Gear Cutting Attachment for Lathe

BF-20LV - Opti-Mill Drill - Geared & Tilting Head (X) 480mm (Y) 175mm (Z) 280mm Electronic Variable Speeds & Dovetail Column

WF WF Tool Milling Machines. Milling Machines for Die Making with digital position indicator.

Other Machining Operations

SAVINGS EVENT $ POWERMATIC PRIDE. Powermatic Sign Giveaway Free Accessories Price Reductions On All Products Save Even More with Rebates

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE LA, MAMMUT & STR KNURLING TOOLS

PRECISION CUTTING MICRACUT 202

HOLZSTAR KGZ 305 E Mitre saw with pull function for versatile and mobile use

SAMPLE. MEM07005C Perform general machining. Learner guide. MEM05 Metal and Engineering Training Package. Version 1.1

Transcription:

Notes: shapers and planers Basic Mechanical Engineering (Part B ) 1 Introduction: Both shapers and planers are machine tools which produce a flat surface. They are capable of machining a horizontal, vertical or inclined flat surface. They employ single-point cutting tools which are essentially similar to single-point cutting tools used on lathe. In both these machine tools, the cutting tool is subjected to interrupted cuts, the tools cuts in forward direction and is idle in the return direction. 2 SHAPING MACHINES OR SHAPER: Principle of Working Principal parts of a shaper are shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 1 Principal parts of a shaper Shaper consists of a hollow machine bed made of cast iron which rests on the ground. Inside the hollow portion the machine drive mechanism is housed. This mechanism is called slotted lever quick return mechanism and it drives a horizontal ram which reciprocates in the guide ways provided on the top surface of the machine frame. In the front face of the ram, a tool post is fitted. This is a very special kind of tool post. It carries a slide which can be operated by a hand wheel and the entire tool post can be lowered or raised. Besides, the tool slide can be swiveled in a vertical plane and its inclination to the vertical (amount of swiveling) can be read off on a scale marked in degrees. The tool is inclined, when an inclined surface has to be machined. In the front portion of the base, a table is fitted. The table can be raised or lowered to vary its height. It can also be moved horizontally to left or right. A vice to hold the work piece is provided on the table top. The tool does useful work i.e., cutting only in the forward stroke of 1

the ram. It does not cut in return stroke i.e. it is idle during the return stroke of ram. In order that while returning, the tool may not rub and spoil the strip of the metal machined in the forward stroke, a special device called the clapper box is provided in the tool post. It lifts the tip of the tool during the return stroke. DRIVE Since useful work is done only during the forward stroke of ram, the mechanism driving the ram is so designed that the return stroke is completed in much less time than the forward stroke. The slotted lever quick return mechanism is illustrated in Figs. 2(a) and 2(b). Fig. 2 Quick return mechanism Manufacturing Processes The crank AB (of adjustable length R) rotates with a uniform angular speed. The crank pin B is in the shape of a die block which is free to slide inside the slot in the slotted lever OBC. This slotted lever is pivoted at O and the other end C is connected to the ram by a short link arm as shown in Fig. 2 (a). When the crank AB rotates clockwise from position AB1 to AB2, the ram moves forward from left to right and when it rotates from position AB2 to AB1 the ram returns back to its original position. Clearly the time taken to complete forward stroke is proportional to angle α (refer to Fig. 2 (b)) and the return stroke is completed in less time which is proportional to angle β. 2

CUTTING TOOLS USED IN SHAPING The cutting tools for shapers are generally made of H.S.S., either solid or with brazed tips. Due to interrupted cuts, tungsten carbide tools are not preferred for shaping work. These tools are made sturdy with fairly generous size for shank and tip. Various types of tools useful for shaping are shown in Fig.3. Fig. 3 Cutting tools used in shaping work OPERATIONS PERFORMED ON SHAPERS On a shaping machine, relatively small jobs can be machined. The size of a shaper is denoted by the maximum length of stroke of its ram and work pieces longer than the maximum stroke cannot be machined. The first step in machining a job is to mount the job on the shaper-table and clamp it tightly in the vice or on the table by means of T-bolts etc. The second step is to adjust the stroke of ram according to the length of work piece. The ram stroke is kept about 60 70 mm longer than job. The stroke can be reduced or increased by altering the length of the crank AB (refer to Fig. 2). Now by changing the position of the location where short link arm is connected to the ram, the stroke is made to overlap the job, so that the stroke starts 30 35 mm before the job and covers the whole length of work piece and ends 30 35 mm beyond it. A tool is now selected and clamped in the tool post. The depth of cut is given by rotating the hand wheel and lowering the tool slide. Depth of cut is not given by raising the table height. Table height is adjusted only at the time of fixing the job according to the height of job. Feed is given by shifting the table laterally. The feed to the table can be given either manually or automatically. The feed is given during the return stroke of ram. Operations performed on a shaper can be easily understood from Fig. 4. 3

Fig. 4 Various operations performed on a shaping machine Contour cutting is a very skillful job as it calls for simultaneous operation of horizontal table 4

feed as well as vertical hand feed of the cutting tool. It can be performed only by a very skilled operator. PLANER OR PLANNING MACHINE Planer is used to machine flat surfaces on work pieces, which are too large and heavy to be accommodated on a shaping machine table. The fundamental difference between a planer and shaper is that in a planer, the cutting tool remains stationary and the planer table on which the work piece has been clamped moves past the cutting tool. The feed is given to the cutting tool and not to the table which reciprocates in the guide ways provided in the machine bed. A planer can handle much heavier cuts and more than one tool post is provided on one machine so that machining can be done quickly. Sometimes a horizontal surface and a vertical surface are machined simultaneously and the squareness of the surfaces is automatically ensured. PRINCIPLE OF WORKING A standard planer is shown in Fig. 5. The planer consists of a sturdy bed made of cast iron, on the upper surface of which Vee guide ways are machined all along the length the bed. The base of bed is grouted in the ground. Table is again made of cast iron having matching guide ways machined at its bottom so that it can slide longitudinally on the machine bed. The table has a long rack machined in the centre of its width which is used for giving reciprocating motion to the table. The table is provided with T-slots on its top surface, so that the work piece may be clamped securely on the table. Two vertical columns, one on each side of the bed and table are located as shown in the figure. A cross rail can slide up and down on the two vertical columns. Usually one or two tool posts (tool heads) are mounted on the cross rail and one side tool head is mounted on each column. Vertical tool heads can move laterally on the cross rail while side tool heads can move up and down on the vertical columns. There is arrangement for advancement or retraction of tools in the tool heads. A number of speeds and feeds are available for the tool heads. Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of a planer 5

Even on a planer, the tools will cut material only in the forward stroke of the table, its return stroke is idle. To save idle time, the return stroke takes place at higher speed. This is achieved by a variable speed reversible motor drive and a system of limit switches fitted on the bed of the machine, which get actuated when the table reaches the end of its forward and reverse strokes. The length of the stroke can be adjusted to suit the length of the work piece by changing the position of the limit switches. Cutting tools used on planers: The planer tools are made of high speed steel, although tipped carbide tools are also used occasionally. These tools are, in general, similar to shaper tools, but are more robust and stronger. Specially shaped tools are used on planers for operations like T- slot cutting and dove tail slide cutting. In both shapers and planers, the tool or table starts from rest, picks up speed and then again slows down to zero speed during the forward or cutting stroke. It is customary to calculate cutting speed on the basis of average speed during the forward stroke. Feed and depth of cut are both expressed in mm. In case of feed, it is the lateral distance moved by the tool (on the cross-rail) per cutting stroke. Some examples of the diverse type of machining operations performed on a planer can be had by referring to Fig. 2.6. The surfaces shown shaded have been machined on planer. Fig. 6 Components manufactured by planning/shaping processes 6