Television Production DDA Review. Post Production

Post Production

Post Production Phase During Post, the video is assembled or Edited into the final form for broadcast Music and graphics will be added to support the visuals Voice overs would be added during this phase

Terms used in the Post Production Phase Importing Exporting Clip Transition Cutting On Action Jump Cut Continuity Split Screen Freeze Frame

Editing The process of selecting the good portions of raw footage and putting it in order of the production plan

Importing The process of adding video, pictures, or other media to a computer and editing software Exporting The process of removing a complete / edited video from editing software

Clip The smallest piece of a video project Multiple clips are used and combined to create a video A clip is defined as having both an in-time and an out-time within a larger video element

Transition A transition is a technique used in editing by which scenes or shots are overlapped or combined when moving from one to the next Transitions are used to make a fluid move from one clip to another Common transitions are dissolves, fades (usually to black) and wipes

Cutting on Action Cutting on action or matching on action refers to film editing and video editing techniques where the editor cuts from one shot to another view that matches the first shot's action If an actor is walking, when the camera angle changes he should still be walking

Jump Cut A jump cut is a cut in film editing in which two sequential shots of the same subject are taken from camera positions that vary only slightly This type of edit gives the effect of jumping forwards in time

Continuity The state of continuing for a period of time, without problems, interruptions, or changes The organization of a film or television program to make it seem that the action happens without pauses or interruptions

Continuity Errors

B-Roll Video that is used in a news package. Usually used to cover a voice over In interviews and documentary films, it is used to describe secondary footage that adds meaning to a sequence or disguised the elimination of unwanted content An example would be, a retired athlete talking about their career, and highlights would be playing from their career while your hear them speaking

Television Production DDA Review Split Screen Multiple pictures or videos playing on screen at the same time

Freeze Frame Also called stop motion. An optical effect or technique in which a single frame of film is repeated to give the effect of a still photograph

Equipment

Tripod A three legged camera support The part that connects the camera to the tripod is called the Shoe

Camera Parts

Camera Parts Light enters the Lens Light is Split into the different colors The colors hit the Charge-Couple Device There could be 1 CCD or 3 CCDs in the Camera CCDs convert the light to an electrical current The processor interprets the electrical charges Then Saves the information to the SD Card The processor also sends a image to the view finder

Common Camera Issues Will not record No Battery No media or SD card Can not see an image Camera not turned on No Battery Lens Cap on or not open

Green Screen (Chroma Key) A background in front of which moving subjects are filmed and are able to be removed or replaced during the editing process, with a image or other video

Green Screen (Chroma Key)

There are 4 types of Microphones Handheld Lavaliere Boom Shotgun

Handheld Picks up audio from where it s held. Best for man on the street interviews Lavaliere Clipped onto a newscaster, actor. Good for sit- down interviews

Boom Gets audio from a small area, held overhead. Used in films, TV shows Shotgun Picks up audio from far away. OBen used for sports, to pick up sounds on the field during a game 2014 2015

2014-15 Television Production DDA Review Microphone Pick-Up Patterns: Cardioid Most common pattern Picks up sound to the front of the microphone, and slightly from the sides Hyper cardioid Records from the front, rejects almost everything else Omnidirectional Picks up sound equally 360 degrees around the microphone capsule

Microphone Pick-Up Patterns: Cardioid Most common pattern Picks up sound to the front of the microphone, and slightly from the sides

Microphone Pick-Up Patterns: Hyper cardioid Records from the front, rejects almost everything else

Microphone Pick-Up Patterns: Omnidirectional Picks up sound equally 360 degrees around the microphone capsule

Safety

Safety issues in Television Moving heavy objects Do not attempt to lift by bending forward. Bend your hips and knees to squat down to your load, keep it close to your body, and straighten your legs to lift Never lift a heavy object above shoulder level Avoid turning or twisting your body while lifting or holding a heavy object

Safety issues in Television Moving heavy objects 2014-15

Safety issues in Television Working with Lights Wear Gloves when working with Unplug any lights when moving Wait for the lights to cool, if they were in use recently Never touch the bulb with bare hands Leaves oils on the bulb that may cause it to shatter Bulb may be hot from previous use

Lighting Types

Ellipsoidal Type of spotlight Reflects light off a surface shaped like an ellipsoid in the back Creates a small to mid-sized circular light pattern

Fluorescent Provides extremely soft, broad lighting Aren t as hot, great for lighting actors up close or in small spaces

Scoop Provide a broad, soft light that boosts overall light levels Cannot be focused

Fresnel Uses a larger lens to focus light Creates soft circular light pattern Broader than an ellipsoidal, but narrower than a scoop

LED Operates at low temperatures like fluorescent lights Can be controlled to change colors on cue This feature is useful for matching indoor or outdoor light conditions but they are expensive

Ambient Light The natural light already available in a space. It can be the lights in the ceiling indoors, or the sun outdoors The Lights are posieoned above on a ligheng grid Connected to the pipes by the C- clamp

Lighting Accessories

Scrim Goes in front of a light to help diffuse, or soften, the light on your subject Barn Doors: Adjustable metal casing around a light, used to redirect light

Cookie attaches to a light to project a pattern

Gel Placed in front of a light to change the color of the light C-Clamp Used to attach a light to a lighting grid

Lighting Set Up

3 Point Lighting Key Light: Main, strongest light. Defines the subject Place at a 45 degree angle from a line between your subject and the camera Leaves one side of your subject well lit, other side has shadows (Ellipsoidal) Fill Light Secondary light On opposite side of the key light, 45 degree angle from camera Light output much less intense than key Used to fill the shadows created by the key light (Fresnel) Back Light Placed behind the subject Does not provide direct lighting, helps to separate the subject from the background Intensity slightly less than the key light (Fresnel)

Television Production DDA Review

3 Point Lighting Simulator

Lighting helps make a 2-D TV image more 3-D Controls amount of shading & shadows produced by direct lighting

Television Production DDA Review