AST#12 March 2011, Buenos Aires
Argo is the best cooperative effort in the history of oceanography 12 nations maintain the global array and 20 more fill regional gaps 2
54% maintained by the USA Growing involvement of Europe is crucial We need further South American countries participation 3
Some nations have difficulties to sustain or augment their contribution USA contribution has probably reached a limit and is slightly decreasing for the first time EuroArgo is starting to be fruitful with a number of new comers, and historical Argo countries that are still progressing. To be noted the substantial Australian contribution Asia keeps to assure its part 4
There is no competition between Argo teams, all are doing their best however Country Active floats Population (2010) Floats per million habitant AU 295 21 515 754 13,71 USA 1710 310 232 863 5,51 CA 124 33 759 742 3,67 FR 162 64 057 792 2,53 JAP 278 126 804 433 2,19 KOREA 91 48 636 068 1,87 GER 152 82 282 988 1,85 NETH 31 16 783 092 1,85 UK 104 61 284 806 1,70 INDIA 83 1 173 108 000 0,07 CHINA 45 1 330 141 295 0,03 5
Argo is almost complete Some floats are not sending good data Some are beached or probably blocked under the seasonal ice Some are bumping each others in marginal seas 6
Argo is approaching the initial target 90% of the array is fulfilling the original AST design (improving, with 85% last year) 7
Can we reasonably reach 4000 floats for an expanded Argo including high latitudes and main marginal seas 8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Arctic Ocean 0 7 1 0 5 5 1 8 12 10 10 Atlantic Ocean 65 97 148 190 243 307 301 165 284 139 269 Indian Ocean 13 24 106 124 158 113 149 139 144 147 155 Mediterranean Sea 6 4 9 13 18 17 12 7 11 11 5 Pacific Ocean 32 163 188 345 446 566 470 431 432 228 368 Southern Ocean (< -30 ) 0 16 76 145 242 336 254 239 270 148 306 Total 116 295 452 672 870 1008 933 750 883 535 807 9
Argo overall density looks good 11
Including in the Southern Ocean 12
But floats are getting old A large part of the Pacific Ocean will need to be covered as well as the W Atlantic and NE/W Indian and SO 13
How the Argo teams are going to fill the gaps? A large part of the Pacific ocean will need to be addressed as well as the SW/NW Atlantic and NE/W Indian 14
Argo Planning all groups plan their deployments via the central JCOMMOPS interface with TC backup almost all. 15
Argo Planning: large deployments anticipated in 2011 Cooperation even more important and optimize them gradually according to network density/age, colleagues plans, via a specific scoring system (avoid overlap, share opportunities, etc) 16
140000 #Argo Profiles 120000 100000 80000 60000 GTS GDACs 40000 20000 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 17
Argo Data Stream: DelayedMode status 03/2010: 76% achieved 03/2011: 83%
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Delays: GTS distribution meets operational requirements 21
Delays: GTS distribution meets operational requirements 22
Delays: GTS distribution meets operational requirements 23
Delays: GDACs distribution - some progress made? (~80h in 03/2010) 24
Delays: GDACs distribution - some progress to be made 25
Harmonizing sampling strategies is challenging 26
Harmonizing sampling strategies is challenging 27
But drift/profile depths are rather homogeneous 28
But drift/profile depths are rather homogeneous 29
But drift/profile depths are rather homogeneous 30
Float reliability has finally reached manufacturers spec. for most of float models 31
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Float technology improving, new sensors are being tested, 1200 1000 800 600 400 ARGOS IRIDIUM 200 0 0.5% 4.8% 8.9% 9% 10.7% 17.8% 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Iridium slowly adopted (~18% / year) Argos 3 tested at sea 35
Float technology improving, new sensors are being tested, 120 100 80 60 40 DOXY Bio-optics SST Nitrate 20 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 36
The number of countries involved in Argo keeps growing There is a clear deficit from 2009 of 300 units. Will this be caught up in 2011? Argo will have to do better than ever. Progress is clear regarding the efficiency of the array The CoreArgo array needs to be defined more accurately for better monitoring (Action item) Delayed mode data management is approaching 90% of completion Delays in data availability at the GDACs has been solved Float lifetime keeps improving New generation of telecoms seems ready on all float models
It is still a challenge to maintain Argo and more international cooperation is required to secure the core array and will be crucial to expand it. Expansion of Argo to high latitudes, marginal seas, bio-argo will requires clear commitments for floats ship time resources for data management resources for the infrastructure