Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved.

Setting the record straight on LTE-U and coexistence 2

Agenda 1:00pm Opening Remarks Dean Brenner, Senior VP Government Affairs, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. 1:05pm 1:30pm What are the benefits of LTE-U and LAA and MuLTEfire TM? Neville Meijers, VP, Business Development, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. 1:30pm 2:00pm 2:00pm 2:30pm Designing for fair LTE-U and coexistence Tamer Kadous, Director, Engineering, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and LTE-U co-existence and the User Experience Michael Thelander, President and Founder at Signals Research Group 2:30pm 3:00pm MuLTEfire is an initiative of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. LTE-U in action Live demo & Q&A 3

Dean Brenner Senior VP, Government Affairs, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. Setting the record straight on LTE-U and coexistence 4

Making the best use of licensed and unlicensed spectrum Higher efficiency More spectrum For both licensed & unlicensed spectrum More licensed spectrum is the top priority Use unlicensed spectrum opportunistically More small cells Technologies for hyper-densification 5

Multiple technologies will co-exist for best use of all spectrum LTE Advanced Licensed spectrum foundation, augmented with unlicensed spectrum solutions LTE Unlicensed LTE-based technologies in unlicensed spectrum, LTE-U, LAA, MuLTEfire ac/ad/ax 802.11-based technology solely operating in unlicensed spectrum Mobile broadband services for best performance and quality-of-experience Broadens LTE ecosystem to enhanced and new deployment opportunities Also evolving for enhanced performance and expanding to new usage models LTE Unlicensed: LTE-U/LAA aggregation with an LTE licensed spectrum anchor, whereas MuLTEfire can operate solely in unlicensed spectrum MuLTEfire is an initiative of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. 6

Ensuring fair coexistence between LTE unlicensed and Working together across the mobile and industries Minimum requirements Going above and beyond minimum requirements Spectrum regulations Power, bandwidth and emission levels Additional specific access procedures required in Europe and Japan (Listen Before Talk features) Standards & specifications LTE-U for USA, Korea, India, other markets based on LTE R10/11/12 1 LAA for Europe, Japan and beyond defined in 3GPP R13 2 Conformance testing Coexistence and fairness test Expected to be more rigorous than testing today Still allowing for differentiation Example: LTE-U forum specifications 1 With dynamic channel selection and CSAT - Carrier Sensing Adaptive Transmission required in the small cell.. 2 LAA Licensed Assisted Access, Work item approved in 3GPP R13 June 15. In addition, New RF band support (e.g. 5GHz) needed at both device and small cell 7

Neville Meijers VP, Business Development Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. What are the benefits of LTE-U and LAA and MuLTEfire TM? MuLTEfire is an initiative of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. 8

Video extending LTE to unlicensed spectrum Link to video Extending LTE Advanced to unlicensed spectrum 11

Extending the benefits of LTE to unlicensed spectrum Licensed Spectrum Exclusive use LTE Carrier Aggregation with licensed anchor channel LTE-U 1 to boost downlink Targeting mobile operators deployments in USA, Korea, India, etc. based on 3GPP Rel. 10/11/12 LAA (Licensed-Assisted Access) Targeting mobile operator deployments in Europe, Japan, and beyond 2 based on 3GPP Rel. 13 and beyond Unlicensed Spectrum Shared use LTE-based technology without licensed anchor channel MuLTEfire Broadening LTE technology and ecosystem to new deployment opportunities 1 Downlink only in unlicensed spectrum (SDL). RF specs and coexistence tests defined by LTE-U forum: coexistence and fair sharing can be obtained using techniques such as channel selection and CSAT (Carrier Sensing Adaptive Transmission). 2 These regions mandate specific access procedures, including Listen Before Talk (LBT),. LAA R14 targets enhancements to support aggregation for both uplink and downlink 12

Unlicensed 5 GHz spectrum ideal for small cells LTE-U, LAA, MuLTEfire, (802.11ac/ax) will coexist to meet various needs Pico/Enterprises Small Businesses Venues Residential/Neighborhood Opportunistic use Shared spectrum but free, technology neutral Shorter range Lower transmit power per regulations Large amount of spectrum Could be ~500MHz but regionally dependent Wide bands available for sharing Efficiently shared amongst multiple users 13

Aggregation with licensed spectrum provides best performance LTE - Link Aggregation (LWA) for carrier deployments 1 in Unlicensed 2.4 & 5 GHz Link Aggregation Enhanced user experience Licensed 400MHz to 3.8GHz Better capacity and coverage Mobile operator s LTE anchor spectrum LTE in Unlicensed 5 GHz Carrier Aggregation Unified network Fair coexistence LTE in unlicensed (LTE-U/LAA) for new small cell deployments 14

Multiple technologies to support all deployment scenarios Small Cell LTE-U/LAA aggregation 802.11ai Fast Roaming Carrier AP MuLTEfire Neutral host offload LTE advanced Carrier Aggregation Dual-connectivity LTE/ Link Aggregation 802.11ac/ad MuLTEfire/ access LTE/ Call Continuity access 802.11ac MU-MIMO 802.11ad (WiGig) LTE Unlicensed Solutions LTE/ Technology Solutions LTE in Licensed Spectrum LTE in Unlicensed Spectrum 802.11ac 802.11ad WiGig Carrier Solutions 15

Fair coexistence a key principle in LTE unlicensed design Extensive over-the-air testing performed in the lab and in the field >2x 1x Operator A 1x Operator B Operator B switches to LTE in unlicensed 1x Operator A Operator B LTE in unlicensed Gain (Median throughput) In many cases a better neighbor to than itself Assumptions: Two operators. 48 Pico+108 Femto cells per operator. 300 users per operator with 70% indoor. 3GPP Bursty model. 12x40MHz @ 5GHz for unlicensed spectrum. LTE 10 MHz channel at 2 GHz;. 2x2 MIMO, Rank 1 transmission, eicic enabled; LTE-U - Phase II., 2x2 MIMO (no MU-MIMO).; - 802.11ac 2x2 MIMO (no MU-MIMO), LDPC codes and 256QAM). 16

LTE Unlicensed development through industry collaboration LTE-U Forum Founding members Alcatel-Lucent, Ericsson, LGE, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., Samsung, Verizon all have stakes in LTE and Coexistence specs published March 2nd 2015, updated June based on feedback, e.g. adding uplink and VoIP test cases Fair co-existence between and LTE unlicensed LTE Unlicensed 3GPP LAA Being standardized in 3GPP release 13 for completion 1H 2016 (ASN.1 freeze) Enhancements planned for release R14 and beyond 3GPP will develop coexistence / performance requirements and tests Collaboration and engagement Presented LTE-U to Alliance and IEEE at standards meetings An LTE-U workshop for key cellular and vendors/operators was held on May 28, 2015 with deep dive of technology Further collaboration on coexistence with industry is ongoing one-on-one and in industry groups Dialogue between 3GPP and IEEE802.11 & WFA throughout the LAA standard s development via presentations & liaison statements Open industry LAA workshop held 8/29/2015 in Beijing with presentations from IEEE 802.11, WFA and other key stakeholders Started dialogue between 3GPP and WFA on coexistence testing 17

Spearheading LTE-U commercialization Industry s first LTE-U small cell solution Industry s first RF transceiver chip for LTE-U FSM9955 LTE/ LTE-U LTE Unlicensed (5 GHz) Licensed Anchor LTE Carrier aggregation WTR3950 WTR3925 Converged SOC with CSAT (R 10) based LTE/ fair coexistence WTR3950 RF transceiver chip for Release 10 based LTE-U Pairs with WTR3925 WTR RF transceiver chips and FSM small cell solutions are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. 18

Making best use of unlicensed spectrum for 1000x 1 802.11ac/ad/ax LTE-U/LAA MuLTEfire Multiple solutions will coexist to support all use cases and deployment scenarios 3 LTE LTE Unlicensed coexists fairly with coexistence is an industry wide collaboration 2 Aggregation with licensed spectrum for best performance: LTE-U/LAA carrier aggregation LTE - link aggregation 4 Committed to LTE Unlicensed, the evolution, and LTE convergence solutions 19

Tamer Kadous Director, Engineering Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. Designing for fair LTE-U and coexistence 20

LTE Unlicensed in 5 GHz for new small cell deployments LTE & LTE-U/LAA LTE Unlicensed small cell Unlicensed (5 GHz) Licensed Anchor (400 MHz 3.8 GHz) Carrier aggregation Initial LTE- and LAA: Supplemental Downlink (SDL) to boost downlink 1 Later LAA phases: Carrier aggregation to boost both downlink and uplink 2 ~2x capacity and range Compared to 3 Enhanced user experience Licensed anchor for control and mobility Single unified LTE network Common management A good neighbor In many cases, better neighbor to than itself Later LAA phases: aggregation across noncollocated nodes with dual-connectivity 1 LTE-U and LAA R-13 will be downlink only. Both TDD or FDD aggregation is possible with SDL; 2 Target for R14 LAA using TDD + TDD aggregation, or FDD + TDD aggregation using TDD for unlicensed spectrum 3 Assumptions: Two operators. 48 Pico+108 Femto cells per operator. 300 users per operator with 70% indoor. 3GPP Bursty model. 12x40MHz @ 5GHz for unlicensed spectrum; LTE 10 MHz channel at 2 GHz;. 2x2 MIMO, Rank 1 transmission, eicic enabled; LTE-U LAA R13, 2x2 MIMO (no MU-MIMO).; - 802.11ac 2x2 MIMO (no MU-MIMO), LDPC codes and 256QAM). 21

LTE-U/LAA protects to ensure fair sharing of spectrum 1 Select clear channel: Dynamically avoid Unlicensed 5 GHz band 20 MHz........ 20 MHz Up to 500 MHz available 2 If no clear channel: Fair sharing with LTE-U adaptive duty cycle (CSAT) 1 for deployments in USA, Korea, India etc. using 3GPP Rel. 10/11/12 LAA Listen Before Talk (LBT) with adaptive utilization 2 for deployments in Europe, Japan and beyond using 3GPP Rel. 13 LAA medium utilization estimation Variable on, max 50ms continuously LTE is on LTE is off LTE is on LTE is off Time Sensing channel availability per CCA Variable on, max 10ms continuously Time 3 Release unlicensed channel at low traffic 1 CSAT - Carrier Sensing Adaptive Transmission required in the small cell Meeting regulatory requirements, in addition ensures fairness as defined by LTE-U forum 2 Part of 3GPP Rel 13, Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) for regions with specific access procedures and CCA Clear Channel Assessment, aka Listen Before Talk (LBT) 23

LAA Rel. 13 Live Demo Operator 1 Operator 2 All sites LTE + Note: The data rates shown are only for the unlicensed spectrum, with only control and signaling traffic going over licensed spectrum 24

LAA Rel. 13 Live Demo Operator 1 Operator 2 LAA LAA Operator 1: still on Wii-Fi performance not adversely affected Operator 2: One site changed to LTE Unlicensed ~ 2x Improvement Note: The data rates shown are only for the unlicensed spectrum, with only control and signaling traffic going over licensed spectrum 25

LTE-U forum develops coexistence specifications For LTE-U products based on 3GPP Release 10 and beyond, see www.lteuforum.org 20 MHz 20 * * * * MHz * * * * * * * * * * * 5.15 GHz 5.33 GHz 5.49 GHz 5.835 GHz UNII-1 5150-5250 MHz UNII-2 5250-5350 MHz UNII-2 5470-5725 MHz UNII-3 5725 5850 MHz U-NII-1 and U-NII-3 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum Licensed spectrum F1 To ensure fair-sharing coexistence between and LTE-U, and between LTE-U Formed by Alcatel-Lucent, Ericsson, LGE, Qualcomm Technologies Inc., Samsung, Verizon Specifications published March 2 nd 2015 and have been updated based on feedback from industry Supplemental downlink Downlink Uplink * These 5GHz channels typically require DFS, Dynamic Frequency Selection 26

Video stress chamber Link to video Ensuring fair coexistence 28

Stress tests showing wide vendor variation Qualcomm Technologies LTE/ coexistence test chamber Hyper dense network on same channel Up to 8 Access Points (AP) placed ~1m apart No isolation between neighboring APs and devices Up to 8 devices placed ~1m apart Vendor variation tests Test 1) Vendor A and B enterprise grade APs with controller. 8 Aps with test AP or LTE-U Test 2) 5 top-selling retail APs (11ac) based on bestseller lists. Mix of 4 APs from different vendors 29

Implementation variation among Enterprise vendors Using Qualcomm Technologies LTE/ coexistence test chamber Baseline: 8 + Stress Test: 8 + LTE-U Mixture of Vendor A and B s enterprise APs Vendor B vendor B more aggressive Vendor A vendor A less aggressive Vendor A and B enterprise grade APs with controller. 8 Aps with test AP or LTE-U 30

LTE-U is a good neighbor regardless of vendor Using Qualcomm Technologies LTE/ coexistence test chamber 8X or with LTE-U Vendor A Vendor B Mix of vendor A/B 8 + 6.5 8 + LTE-U 6.5 8 + 3.9 8 + LTE-U 8 + LTE-U 4.9 8 + 5.8 5.8 LTE-U maintains overall performance Average throughput (Mbps) Vendor A and B enterprise grade APs with controller. 8 Aps with test AP or LTE-U 31

Significant implementation variation in retail access point Using Qualcomm Technologies LTE/ coexistence test chamber Mix of vendors in a network of 4 APs Wide variation also without most aggressive AP 5 top-selling retail APs determined from top industry magazines and online-retailers APs Throughput (Mbps) Aggregate (Mbps) AP 1 AP 2 AP 3 AP 4 AP 1 AP 2 AP 3 AP 4 A B C D 40.9 3.9 5.6 3.4 53.7 B C D E 19.4 8.2 7.4 12.9 47.9 C D E A 3.7 2.2 3.6 49.8 59.3 D E A B 4.8 4.6 40.8 4.7 54.9 E A B C 3.9 49.0 2.4 4.3 59.6 Product diversity of 5 OEMs and 3 chipset-vendors. One common STA (11ac, 1x1) a top-selling mobile-device used for all cases One AP grabbing ~10x more resources 32

LTE-U ensures fair time sharing of the unlicensed channel Using Qualcomm Technologies LTE/ coexistence test chamber Duty cycle distribution 1 Duty Cycle with 0.9 0.8 0.7 W in 1W+1W W in 1W+1L L in 1W+1L Wide variation in to sharing Or CDF 0.6 0.5 0.4 LTE-U ensures a fair ~50% sharing LTE-U with Average across 4 AP models 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Percentage Anomaly due to one not following spec Testing pair-wise airtime sharing across 4 AP models and between /LTE-U Points corresponding to all 4 AP models 33

Over-the-air campus network for testing LTE-U OTA Campus Network Building WC Building WB LTE-U enb AP1 (Above CCA-ED) AP2 (Below CCA-ED) Note: AP 1 is above CCA-ED (CCA energy detect level at -62dBm where backs off for other non-wi0di users). and AP 2 is below CCA-ED,, which is used for some of the following test to show that LTE-U CSAT works well below s ED 34

Over-the-air VoIP coexistence and quality ensured Using Qualcomm Technologies over-the-air outdoor campus network Downlink (Max one-way delay) + Wi-Wi + LTE-U 48ms 42ms Probability of Jitter > 50ms No change 0% Packet loss rate No change 0% Compliant with WFA s requirements 1 Uplink (Max one-way delay) + Wi-Wi + LTE-U 40ms 50ms Increased to 0.76% Increased to 0.08% 40ms LTE ON 40ms LTE OFF LTE ON Time Provision for VoIP 2ms puncturing introduces gaps to help flush delay-sensitive data that may be queued due to LTE-U 1 Compliant with Alliance's VoIP Enterprise specification: One way Delay < 50 ms maximum, maximum Jitter < 50ms maximum, Packet loss < 1%, Consecutive lost packets, no more than 3. Overall statics from 5 pairs of WiFi VoIP with LTE-U Presence. 35

The role of energy detection in and LTE-U Threshold for backing off to LTE-U By detecting non- energy. (Clear Channel Assessment Energy Detect CCA-ED). Energy Detect Received signal Example -62dbm 1 LTE-U LTE-U design will ensure fair sharing with below ED level, e.g. with network listen detects signals and backs off for other users not for LTE-U Detect and decode a signal (and preamble) to determine if channel is busy carrier sensing. CCA-CS: required threshold for to detect other Example -82dbm 1 LTE-U detects a signal to account for fair sharing Detect and decode a signal ( preamble) e.g. to estimate active APs 1 Per 20MHz bandwidth Receiver cannot detect anything below noise floor Example -90dbm 1 36

LTE-U is a good neighbor below Energy Detect levels Using Qualcomm Technologies over-the-air outdoor campus network Vendor A with other with LTE-U 30.2 48 with Or Vendor B with other with LTE-U 34.5 52.6 better off with LTE-U as neighbor LTE-U with The APs are below Energy Detect -62dbm levels to each other Vendor C with other with LTE-U 30.0 37.9 Downlink throughput (Mbps) ssss 37

LTE Unlicensed is a good neighbor to 1 2 LTE-U/LAA MuLTEfire Fair coexistence with a key principle in the design of LTE unlicensed 3 4 LTE-U Forum 3GPP Extensive collaboration on coexistence across mobile and industries. LTE Extensive LTE-U over-the-air testing in lab/field proves fair coexistence with Committed to LTE Unlicensed, the evolution, and LTE convergence solutions 40

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