New Jersey Core Curriculum Content Standards for Science

A Correlation of to the New Jersey Core Curriculum Content Grades K -6 O/S-56

Introduction This document demonstrates how Scott Foresman Science meets the New Jersey Core Curriculum Content. Page references are to the Teacher s Edition, which contains facsimile Student Edition and ancillary pages. Pearson Scott Foresman is proud to introduce our all new Scott Foresman Science, Kindergarten through Grade Six. Extensive research and analysis is the foundation for Scott Foresman Science and guides the instructional design. Scaffolded Inquiry Scott Foresman Science is built on three levels of inquiry: Directed Inquiry, Guided Inquiry, and Full Inquiry. All three levels engage students in activities that build a strong science foundation and help them develop a full understanding of the inquiry process. How to Read Science Powerful connections between reading skills and science process skills in every chapter advance science literacy for all students. Differentiated Instruction Leveled Readers for every Student Edition chapter teach the same science concepts, vocabulary, and reading skills at each student s reading level. Time-Saving Strategies Time-saving strategies are built right into the Teacher s Edition that will save the teacher hours of time in lesson preparation. Quick Teaching Plans cover the standards even when class time is short. Everything needed for each activity comes in its own chapter bag. With the Activity Placemat and Tray, activity setup takes only 30 seconds. Premade Bilingual Bulletin Board Kits save time by creating attractive bulletin boards quickly and easily. Technology Scott Foresman Science brings teaching and learning together in one convenient spot the computer. From sfsuccessnet.com to educational CDs and DVDs, this program provides a variety of interactive tools to help support, extend, and enrich classroom instruction. The Online Teacher s Edition provides access to the same printed content, so the teacher can plan lessons with the customizable Lesson Planner from home or school computers. The Online Student Edition allows students, teachers, and parents to access the content of the textbook from computers at school or at home.

Table of Contents Kindergarten....1 Grade One...... 12 Grade Two...... 23 Grade Three...34 Grade Four....47 Grade Five.....60 Grade Six...72

to the Content Standards for Science Kindergarten STANDARD 5.1 (SCIENTIFIC PROCESSES) ALL STUDENTS WILL DEVELOP PROBLEM-SOLVING, DECISION-MAKING AND INQUIRY SKILLS, REFLECTED BY FORMULATING USABLE QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESES, PLANNING EXPERIMENTS, CONDUCTING SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATIONS, INTERPRETING AND ANALYZING DATA, DRAWING CONCLUSIONS, AND COMMUNICATING RESULTS. Descriptive Statement: Students best learn science by doing science. Science is not merely a collection of facts and theories but a process, a way of thinking about and investigating the world in which we live. This standard addresses those skills that are used by scientists as they discover and explain the physical universe skills that are an essential and ongoing part of learning science. By the end of Grade 4, students will: A. Habits of Mind 1. Raise questions about the world around them and be willing to seek answers through making careful observations and experimentation. FM14 FM15, 8 9, 24 25, 30 31, 44 45, 64 65, 72 73, 82 83, 98 99, 104 105, 120 121, 128 129, 150 151, 154 155, 160 161, 172 173, 178 179, 194 195, 202 203, 212 213, 230 231, 244 245, 252 253 2. Keep records that describe observations, carefully distinguish actual observations from ideas and speculations, and are understandable weeks and months later. 24 25, 44 45, 72 73, 98 99, 104 105, 120 121, 128 129, 154 155, 172 173, 194 195, 202 203, 244 245, 252 253 3. Recognize that when a science investigation is replicated, very similar results are expected. 44 45, 72 73, 120 121, 128 129, 154 155, 160 161, 172 173, 178 179, 194 195, 202 203, 244 245, 252 253 1

Kindergarten 4. Know that when solving a problem it is important to plan and get ideas and help from other people. 24 25, 44 45, 64 65, 72 73, 82 83, 120 121, 128 129, 138 139, 154 155, 160 161, 172 173, 178 179, 194 195, 202 203, 212 213, 230 231, 244 245, 252 253 B. Inquiry and Problem Solving 1. Develop strategies and skills for information-gathering and problem-solving, using appropriate tools and technologies. 24 25, 30 31, 44 45, 64 65, 72 73, 82 83, 104 105, 120 121, 128 129, 154 155, 160 161, 172 173, 178 179, 194 195, 202 203, 212 213, 230 231, 244 245, 252 253 2. Identify the evidence used in an explanation. 8 9, 24 25, 30 31, 44 45, 45c, 64 65, 72 73, 106 107, 120 121, 128 129, 154 155, 160 161, 172 173, 194 195, 202 203, 212 213, 224 225, 244 245, 246 247, 252 253 C. Safety 1. Recognize that conducting science activities requires an awareness of potential hazards and the need for safe practices. FM16 FM17, FM20 FM21, 24 25, 44 45, 64 65, 72 73, 82 83, 98 99, 120 121, 154 155, 172 173, 202 203, 230 231 2. Understand and practice safety procedures for conducting science investigations. FM20 FM21, 24 25, 44 45, 64 65, 72 73, 82 83, 98 99, 120 121, 154 155, 172 173, 202 203, 230 231 2

Kindergarten STANDARD 5.2 (SCIENCE AND SOCIETY) ALL STUDENTS WILL DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING OF HOW PEOPLE OF VARIOUS CULTURES HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, AND HOW MAJOR DISCOVERIES AND EVENTS HAVE ADVANCED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. Descriptive Statement: Science is a human endeavor involving successes and failures, trials and tribulations. Students should know that great numbers of people from many cultures have contributed to our understanding of science and that science has a rich and fascinating history. This standard encourages students to learn about the people and events that have shaped or revolutionized important scientific theories and concepts. By the end of Grade 4, students will: A. Cultural Contributions 1. Describe how people in different cultures have made and continue to make contributions to science and technology. 68 69, 124 125, 126 127, 198 199, 248 249, 250 251 B. Historical Perspectives 1. Hear, read, write, and talk about scientists and inventors in historical context. 68 69, 124 125, 126 127, 198 199, 200 201, 241, 248 249, 250 251 STANDARD 5.3 (MATHEMATICAL APPLICATIONS) ALL STUDENTS WILL INTEGRATE MATHEMATICS AS A TOOL FOR PROBLEM-SOLVING IN SCIENCE, AND AS A MEANS OF EXPRESSING AND/OR MODELING SCIENTIFIC THEORIES. Descriptive Statement: Science cannot be practiced or learned without appreciation of the role of mathematics in discovering and expressing natural laws. This standard recognizes the need for students to fully integrate mathematics skills with their learning of science. 3

Kindergarten By the end of Grade 4, students will: A. Numerical Operations 1. Determine the reasonableness of estimates, measurements, and computations of quantities when doing science. 66 67, 120 121, 122 123, 128 129, 154 155, 172 173, 246 247, 252 253 2. Recognize and comprehend the orders of magnitude associated with large and small physical quantities. 142 143, 144 145, 146 147, 218 219, 238, 252 253 3. Express quantities using appropriate number formats, such as: integers. fractions. 25b, 55, 64 65, 66 67, 99a, 99b, 120 121, 121b, 122 123, 135b, 155a, 196 197, 245b, 246 247, 252 253 B. Geometry and Measurement 1. Select appropriate measuring instruments based on the degree of precision required. FM16, FM18 FM19, 120 121, 128 129, 244 245, 252 253 2. Use a variety of measuring instruments and record measured quantities using the appropriate units. FM15c FM15d, FM16, FM18 FM19, 120 121, 128 129, 244 245, 252 253 C. Patterns and Algebra 1. Identify patterns when observing the natural and constructed world. 102 103, 106 107, 108 109, 110 111, 112 113, 114 115, 116 117, 178 179, 196 197, 216 217, 218 219, 220 221, 222 223, 224 225 D. Data Analysis and Probability 1. Use tables and graphs to represent and interpret data. 24 25, 37, 44 45, 66 67, 72 73, 98 99, 104 105, 120 121, 128 129, 154 155, 172 173, 194 195, 224 225, 246 247, 252 253 4

Kindergarten STANDARD 5.4 (NATURE AND PROCESS OF TECHNOLOGY) ALL STUDENTS WILL UNDERSTAND THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOP A CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE NATURE AND PROCESS OF TECHNOLOGY. Descriptive Statement: This standard focuses on developing students understanding of the interrelationship between science and technology. It introduces students to and expands their understanding of the nature of technology. In addition, it introduces and develops students abilities with technological design including experiences in predicting, decision making, critical thinking, and problem solving. By the end of Grade 2, students will: A. Science and Technology 1. Indicators for this strand are introduced at a higher grade level. B. Nature of Technology 1. Select and use simple tools and materials to complete a task. 24 25, 44 45, 72 73, 82 83, 98 99, 120 121, 128 129, 154 155, 160 161, 172 173, 178 179, 194 195, 202 203, 224 225, 228 229, 230 231, 244 245, 252 253 C. Technological Design 1. Make a plan in order to design a solution to a problem. 24 25, 44 45, 50 51, 72 73, 82 83, 98 99, 104 105, 120 121, 128 129, 154 155, 160 161, 172 173, 178 179, 194 195, 202 203, 224 225, 230 231, 244 245, 252 253 2. Describe a toy or other familiar object as a system with parts that work together. 170 171, 228 229, 230 231, 236 237, 240, 242 243 5

Kindergarten STANDARD 5.5 (CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE) ALL STUDENTS WILL GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE STRUCTURE, CHARACTERISTICS, AND BASIC NEEDS OF ORGANISMS AND WILL INVESTIGATE THE DIVERSITY OF LIFE. Descriptive Statement: The study of science must include the diversity, complexity, and interdependence of life on Earth. Students should know how organisms evolve, reproduce, and adapt to their environments. By the end of Grade 2, students will: A. Matter, Energy and Organization in Living Systems 1. Investigate the basic needs of humans and other organisms. 5a 5b, 6 7, 16 17, 18 19, 20 21, 22 23, 24 25, 42 43, 44 45, 62 63, 70 71, 72 73, 110 111 2. Compare and contrast essential characteristics that distinguish living things from nonliving things. 4 5, 6 7, 8 9, 10 11, 12 13, 14 15, 24 25, 27, 74 75, 136 137, 183 B. Diversity and Biological Evolution 1. Recognize that different types of plants and animals live in different parts of the world. 46 47, 48 49, 50 51, 52 53, 54 55, 56 57, 58 59, 60 61, 62 63, 68 69 2. Recognize that some kinds of organisms that once lived on earth have completely disappeared. This standard is covered in Grade 1, p.175. C. Reproduction and Heredity 1. Recognize that humans and other organisms resemble their parents. 26 27, 28, 32, 34 35, 36 37, 38 39, 45c, 74 75 6

Kindergarten STANDARD 5.6 (CHEMISTRY) ALL STUDENTS WILL GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE STRUCTURE AND BEHAVIOR OF MATTER. Descriptive Statement: Exploring the nature of matter and energy is essential to an understanding of the physical universe. This standard leads students from their experiences with the states and properties of matter to the development of models of the atom and the underlying principles of chemistry. By the end of Grade 2, students will: A. Structure and Properties of Matter 1. Sort objects according to the materials from which they are made or their physical properties, and give a rationale for sorting. 6 7, 8 9, 10 11, 36 37, 38 39, 45d, 96 97, 134 135, 138 139, 140 141, 142 143, 144 145, 146 147, 148 149, 178 179, 194 195, 234 235, 236 237 2. Use magnifiers to observe materials, then draw and describe what more can be seen using the tools. FM16 FM17, 82 83 3. Observe that water can be a liquid or a solid and can change from one form to the other. 120 121, 148 149, 152 153, 156 157, 165, 202 203 B. Chemical Reactions 1. Indicators for this strand are introduced at a higher grade level. STANDARD 5.7 (PHYSICS) ALL STUDENTS WILL GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF NATURAL LAWS AS THEY APPLY TO MOTION, FORCES, AND ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS. Descriptive Statement: Basic principles of physics emerge in this standard, where the study of force and motion leads students to the concept of energy. All forms of energy are introduced and investigated, and principles of transformation and laws of conservation are developed. 7

Kindergarten By the end of Grade 2, students will: A. Motion and Forces 1. Distinguish among the different ways objects can move such as: fast and slow. in a straight line. in a circular path. back and forth. 36 37, 57, 124 125, 174 175, 176 177, 178 179, 184 185, 186 187, 188 189, 226 227, 236 237, 238 239, 244 245 2. Show that the position and motion of an object can be changed by pushing or pulling the object. 12 13, 174 175, 176 177, 182 183, 186 187, 192 193, 226 227, 234 235, 244 245 B. Energy Transformations 1. Demonstrate that sound can be produced by vibrating objects. 174E, 174G, 190 191, 195b STANDARD 5.8 (EARTH SCIENCE) ALL STUDENTS WILL GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE STRUCTURE, DYNAMICS, AND GEOPHYSICAL SYSTEMS OF THE EARTH. Descriptive Statement: The study of science should include a study of the planet Earth and its relationship to the rest of the universe. This standard describes what students should know about the composition of the Earth and the forces that shape it. By the end of Grade 2, students: A. Earth s Properties and Materials 1. Observe and describe rocks and soil. 78 79, 82 83, 86 87, 88 89, 98 99 8

Kindergarten B. Atmosphere and Water 1. Identify the sources and uses of water. 18 19, 56 57, 72 73, 92 93, 94 95, 110 111 2. Recognize that water can disappear (evaporate) and collect on cold surfaces (condense). 134E, 134G, 148 149, 152 153 3. Describe current weather conditions and recognize how those conditions affect our daily lives. 102, 104 105, 109, 121c, 128 129, 131c 4. Describe daily and seasonal changes and patterns in the weather. 100 101, 102 103, 104 105, 108 109, 110 111, 112 113, 114 115, 116 117, 118 119, 121d, 128 129, 130 131, 131d, 156 157 C. Processes that Shape the Earth Indicators for this strand are introduced at a higher grade level. D. How We Study the Earth 1. Record observations that describe the features of the natural world in their local environment. 39, 43, 80 81, 88 89, 104 105, 128 129, 185, 223 STANDARD 5.9 (ASTRONOMY and SPACE SCIENCE) ALL STUDENTS WILL GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE ORIGIN, EVOLUTION, AND STRUCTURE OF THE UNIVERSE Descriptive Statement: The study of science should include a study of the planet Earth and its relationship to the rest of the universe. This standard describes what students should know about astronomy and space science. 9

Kindergarten By the end of Grade 2, students will: A. Earth, Moon, Sun System 1. Recognize that the sun supplies light and heat to the Earth. 112 113, 156 157, 157a, 158 159, 160 161, 164 165, 166 167, 168 169, 202 203 2. Observe the patterns of day and night and the movements of the shadows of an objects on the Earth during the course of a day. 160 161, 164 165, 166 167, 204 205, 208 209, 209a, 210 211, 212 213, 214 215, 216 217, 218 219, 220 221, 222 223, 224 225, 225c 225d B. Solar System 1. Recognize that the sun can only be seen during the day, but the moon can be seen sometimes at night and sometimes during the day. 162 163, 164 165, 166 167, 208 209, 210 211, 212 213, 214 215, 216 217, 218 219, 224 225, 225c 225d C. Stars 1. Observe that stars are many, scattered, and different in brightness. 208 209, 212 213, 218 219, 225d 2. Observe that the position of the stars, with respect to each other (constellations) is unchanging. 218 219, 224 225, 225d D. Galaxies and Universe Indicators for this strand are introduced at a higher grade level. 10

Kindergarten STANDARD 5.10 (ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES) ALL STUDENTS WILL DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE ENVIRONMENT AS A SYSTEM OF INTERDEPENDENT COMPONENTS AFFECTED BY HUMAN ACTIVITY AND NATURAL PHENOMENA. Descriptive Statement: Creating an awareness of the need to protect, conserve, and preserve natural resources is a goal of science education. This standard calls for students to develop knowledge of environmental issues, including management of natural resources, production and use of energy, waste management, and the interdependence of ecosystems. By the end of Grade 2, students will: A. Natural Systems and Interactions 1. Associate organisms' basic needs with how they meet those needs within their surroundings. 14 15, 18 19, 20 21, 22 23, 42 43, 44 45, 46 47, 47a 47b, 54 55, 56 57, 58 59, 60 61, 62 63, 64 65, 114 B. Human Interactions and Impact 1. Identify various needs of humans that are supplied by the natural or constructed environment. 5a 5b, 14 15, 16 17, 18 19, 20 21, 22 23, 90 91, 94 95, 112 113, 156 157, 168 169 11

to the Content Standards for Science Grade One STANDARD 5.1 (SCIENTIFIC PROCESSES) ALL STUDENTS WILL DEVELOP PROBLEM-SOLVING, DECISION-MAKING AND INQUIRY SKILLS, REFLECTED BY FORMULATING USABLE QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESES, PLANNING EXPERIMENTS, CONDUCTING SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATIONS, INTERPRETING AND ANALYZING DATA, DRAWING CONCLUSIONS, AND COMMUNICATING RESULTS. Descriptive Statement: Students best learn science by doing science. Science is not merely a collection of facts and theories but a process, a way of thinking about and investigating the world in which we live. This standard addresses those skills that are used by scientists as they discover and explain the physical universe skills that are an essential and ongoing part of learning science. By the end of Grade 4, students will: A. Habits of Mind 1. Raise questions about the world around them and be willing to seek answers through making careful observations and experimentation. UA2 UA3, 2 3, 52, 74 75, 82 83, 84, 106 107, 114 115, 116 117, 140 141, 144, 146 147, 148, 168 169, 178 179, 180, 194 195, 204 205, 208, 210 211, 212 213, 232 233, 244, 266 267, 276, 298 299, 308 309, 312, 314 315, 316, 328 329, 340, 341, 362 363, 372 373, 376 2. Keep records that describe observations, carefully distinguish actual observations from ideas and speculations, and are understandable weeks and months later. 9, 18 19, 20 21, 22 23, 28, 40 41, 42 43, 74 75, 84, 106 107, 140 141, 144, 168 169, 194 195, 204 205, 208, 232 233, 266 267, 276, 298 299, 308 309, 312, 328 329, 362 363, 372 373, 376 12

Grade One 3. Recognize that when a science investigation is replicated, very similar results are expected. 4, 9, 18 19, 28, 40 41, 74 75, 106 107, 140 141, 168 169, 204 205, 244, 362 363, 372 373, 376 4. Know that when solving a problem it is important to plan and get ideas and help from other people. 2 3, 4, 9, 18 19, 40 41, 52, 74 75, 84, 106 107, 130 131, 140 141, 144, 148, 168 169, 204 205, 208, 232 233, 266 267, 284 289, 308 309, 312, 328 329, 362 363, 372 373, 376 B. Inquiry and Problem Solving 1. Develop strategies and skills for information-gathering and problem-solving, using appropriate tools and technologies. 2 3, 4, 9, 18 19, 26 27, 40 41, 42, 74 75, 84, 85, 106 107, 130 131, 140 141, 144, 149, 168 169, 180, 194 195, 204 205, 208, 212, 232 233, 244, 266 267, 276, 298 299, 308 309, 312, 316, 328 329, 340, 362 363, 372 373, 376 2. Identify the evidence used in an explanation. 2 3, 40 41, 48, 50 51, 52, 140 141, 204 205 C. Safety 1. Recognize that conducting science activities requires an awareness of potential hazards and the need for safe practices. 18 19, 40 41, 106 107, 130 131, 140 141, 194 195, 204 205, 232 233, 244, 266 267, 298 299, 308 309, 328 329, 362 363 2. Understand and practice safety procedures for conducting science investigations. 18 19, 74 75, 106 107, 130 131, 140 141, 194 195, 204 205, 232 233, 244, 266 267, 298 299, 308 309, 328 329, 362 363 STANDARD 5.2 (SCIENCE AND SOCIETY) ALL STUDENTS WILL DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING OF HOW PEOPLE OF VARIOUS CULTURES HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, AND HOW MAJOR DISCOVERIES AND EVENTS HAVE ADVANCED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 13

Grade One Descriptive Statement: Science is a human endeavor involving successes and failures, trials and tribulations. Students should know that great numbers of people from many cultures have contributed to our understanding of science and that science has a rich and fascinating history. This standard encourages students to learn about the people and events that have shaped or revolutionized important scientific theories and concepts. By the end of Grade 4, students will: A. Cultural Contributions 1. Describe how people in different cultures have made and continue to make contributions to science and technology. 24, 48, 80, 136, 176, 200, 240, 272, 304, 334 335, 336, 368 B. Historical Perspectives 1. Hear, read, write, and talk about scientists and inventors in historical context. 24, 80, 112, 136, 176, 291, 334 335, 345, 354, 360 361 STANDARD 5.3 (MATHEMATICAL APPLICATIONS) ALL STUDENTS WILL INTEGRATE MATHEMATICS AS A TOOL FOR PROBLEM-SOLVING IN SCIENCE, AND AS A MEANS OF EXPRESSING AND/OR MODELING SCIENTIFIC THEORIES. Descriptive Statement: Science cannot be practiced or learned without appreciation of the role of mathematics in discovering and expressing natural laws. This standard recognizes the need for students to fully integrate mathematics skills with their learning of science. By the end of Grade 4, students will: A. Numerical Operations 1. Determine the reasonableness of estimates, measurements, and computations of quantities when doing science. 9, 15, 20 21, 38 39, 42 43, 108 109, 140 141, 170 171, 184 185, 196 197, 208, 234 235, 244 14

Grade One 2. Recognize and comprehend the orders of magnitude associated with large and small physical quantities. 234 235, 300 301, 314 315, 316, 324 327, EM1 3. Express quantities using appropriate number formats, such as: integers. fractions. 9, 20 21, 52, 76 77, 108 109, 132 133, 140 141, 170 171, 194 195, 196 197, 204 205, 208, 231, 234 235, 238 239, 276, 312, 316, 349, 362 363, 372 373 B. Geometry and Measurement 1. Select appropriate measuring instruments based on the degree of precision required. 9, 18 19, 52, 87 91, 184 185, 194 195, 196 197, 204 205, 208, 234 235, 276, 289, 312, 316, 376 2. Use a variety of measuring instruments and record measured quantities using the appropriate units. 18 19, 52, 194 195, 196 197, 204 205, 208, 234 235, 244, 276, 312, 316, 376 C. Patterns and Algebra 1. Identify patterns when observing the natural and constructed world. 5, 74 75, 87 91, 92 93, 94 95, 98 99, 100 103, 104 105, 140 141, 192 193, 322 323, 326 327, 330 331 D. Data Analysis and Probability 1. Use tables and graphs to represent and interpret data. 3, 15, 18 19, 20 21, 42 43, 74 75, 76 77, 85, 106 107, 108 109, 117, 132 133, 140 141, 144, 168 169, 170 171, 189, 196 197, 204 205, 208, 216, 232 233, 238 239, 266 267, 276, 298 299, 300 301, 308 309, 312, 328 329, 364 365, 372 373, 376 15

Grade One STANDARD 5.4 (NATURE AND PROCESS OF TECHNOLOGY) ALL STUDENTS WILL UNDERSTAND THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOP A CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE NATURE AND PROCESS OF TECHNOLOGY. Descriptive Statement: This standard focuses on developing students understanding of the interrelationship between science and technology. It introduces students to and expands their understanding of the nature of technology. In addition, it introduces and develops students abilities with technological design including experiences in predicting, decision making, critical thinking, and problem solving. By the end of Grade 2, students will: A. Science and Technology 1. Indicators for this strand are introduced at a higher grade level. B. Nature of Technology 1. Select and use simple tools and materials to complete a task. 4, 9, 18 19, 28, 52, 74 75, 84, 106 107, 130 131, 140 141, 144, 148, 168 169, 180, 194 195, 204 205, 208, 212, 232 233, 238 239, 244, 266 267, 276, 298 299, 308 309, 312, 316, 328 329, 340, 348 351, 362 363, 372 373 C. Technological Design 1. Make a plan in order to design a solution to a problem. 4, 18 19, 52, 74 75, 84, 106 107, 130 131, 140 141, 144, 148, 168 169, 180, 194 195, 204 205, 208, 232 233, 244, 266 267, 276, 298 299, 308 309, 316, 321, 328 329, 340, 362 363, 372 373, 376 2. Describe a toy or other familiar object as a system with parts that work together. UC4, 270 271, 292 293, UD1, 338 339, 356 357, 362 363 16

Grade One STANDARD 5.5 (CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE) ALL STUDENTS WILL GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE STRUCTURE, CHARACTERISTICS, AND BASIC NEEDS OF ORGANISMS AND WILL INVESTIGATE THE DIVERSITY OF LIFE. Descriptive Statement: The study of science must include the diversity, complexity, and interdependence of life on Earth. Students should know how organisms evolve, reproduce, and adapt to their environments. By the end of Grade 2, students will: A. Matter, Energy and Organization in Living Systems 1. Investigate the basic needs of humans and other organisms. 2, 6 9, 10 11, 12 13, 18 19, 22 23, 26, 46 47, 54 57, 58 61, 62 67, 68 71, 72 73, 86 91, 92 93, 94 95, 98 99, 114 115, 116, 117, 118 121, 122 125, 126 129, 132 133, 144, 160 165, 294 295, 300 301, 312, 364 365 2. Compare and contrast essential characteristics that distinguish living things from nonliving things. 2 3, 4, 6 9, 10 11, 14 17, 20 21, 22 23, 30, 31, 34 35, 36 37, 38, 39, 46 47, 146 147, 154 155, 164 165 B. Diversity and Biological Evolution 1. Recognize that different types of plants and animals live in different parts of the world. UA1, UA2 UA3, UA4, 2 3, 5, 6, 11, 18 19, 24, 26 27, 28, 29, 30 33, 34 35, 36 37, 38 39, 42 43, 44 45, 46 47, 48, 53, 54 57, 58 59, 64 65, 70 71, 122 125, 126 129 2. Recognize that some kinds of organisms that once lived on earth have completely disappeared. 174 175, 176 C. Reproduction and Heredity 1. Recognize that humans and other organisms resemble their parents. 8 9, 86 91, 92 93, 94 97, 104 105 17

Grade One STANDARD 5.6 (CHEMISTRY) ALL STUDENTS WILL GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE STRUCTURE AND BEHAVIOR OF MATTER. Descriptive Statement: Exploring the nature of matter and energy is essential to an understanding of the physical universe. This standard leads students from their experiences with the states and properties of matter to the development of models of the atom and the underlying principles of chemistry. By the end of Grade 2, students will: A. Structure and Properties of Matter 1. Sort objects according to the materials from which they are made or their physical properties, and give a rationale for sorting. 4, 5, 14 15, 20 21, 42 43, 210 211, 214 217, 218 221, 222 225, 232 233 2. Use magnifiers to observe materials, then draw and describe what more can be seen using the tools. 18 19, 84, 157, 168 169, 324 325, 327 3. Observe that water can be a liquid or a solid and can change from one form to the other. 210 211, 218 221, 223, 226 229 B. Chemical Reactions 1. Indicators for this strand are introduced at a higher grade level. STANDARD 5.7 (PHYSICS) ALL STUDENTS WILL GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF NATURAL LAWS AS THEY APPLY TO MOTION, FORCES, AND ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS. Descriptive Statement: Basic principles of physics emerge in this standard, where the study of force and motion leads students to the concept of energy. All forms of energy are introduced and investigated, and principles of transformation and laws of conservation are developed. 18

Grade One By the end of Grade 2, students will: A. Motion and Forces 1. Distinguish among the different ways objects can move such as: fast and slow. in a straight line. in a circular path. back and forth. UC1, UC2 UC3, 242 243, 244, 245, 246 249, 250 251, 252 253, 268 269, 290 291, 305, 310 311, 324 327, 342 343 2. Show that the position and motion of an object can be changed by pushing or pulling the object. 242 243, 244, 245, 246 249, 254 255, 256 259, 271 272 B. Energy Transformations 1. Demonstrate that sound can be produced by vibrating objects. 242 243, 244, 260 261, 262 265, 266 267, 308 309 STANDARD 5.8 (EARTH SCIENCE) ALL STUDENTS WILL GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE STRUCTURE, DYNAMICS, AND GEOPHYSICAL SYSTEMS OF THE EARTH. Descriptive Statement: The study of science should include a study of the planet Earth and its relationship to the rest of the universe. This standard describes what students should know about the composition of the Earth and the forces that shape it. By the end of Grade 2, students: A. Earth s Properties and Materials 1. Observe and describe rocks and soil. 4, 146 147, 148, 154 157, 158 159, 164 165, 168 169, 208 19

Grade One B. Atmosphere and Water 1. Identify the sources and uses of water. 4, 18 19, 34 35, 36 37, 38 39, 46 47, UB1, UB2 UB3, UB4, 146 147, 148, 149, 150 153, 162 163, 226, 227, 297 2. Recognize that water can disappear (evaporate) and collect on cold surfaces (condense). 177E 177H, 186 187, 188 191, UC2 UC3, 209E, 209G, 226 229 3. Describe current weather conditions and recognize how those conditions affect our daily lives. 180, 181, 182 185, 186 187, 188 191, 192 193, 200, 206 207, 208, 277 4. Describe daily and seasonal changes and patterns in the weather. 48, 102 103, 178 179, 182 185, 186 187, 188 191, 192 193, 194 195, 196 197, 208, 278 281, 282 283 C. Processes that Shape the Earth Indicators for this strand are introduced at a higher grade level. D. How We Study the Earth 1. Record observations that describe the features of the natural world in their local environment. UB4, 153, 158 159, 168 169, 180, 181, 183, 187, 189, 194 195, 208, 330 331 STANDARD 5.9 (ASTRONOMY and SPACE SCIENCE) ALL STUDENTS WILL GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE ORIGIN, EVOLUTION, AND STRUCTURE OF THE UNIVERSE Descriptive Statement: The study of science should include a study of the planet Earth and its relationship to the rest of the universe. This standard describes what students should know about astronomy and space science. 20

Grade One By the end of Grade 2, students will: A. Earth, Moon, Sun System 1. Recognize that the sun supplies light and heat to the Earth. 10 11, 120 121, 122 125, 126 129, 130 131, 204 205, 228 229, 274 275, 276, 278 281, 282 283, 284 285, 288 289, 312, 317, 318 321, 322 323 2. Observe the patterns of day and night and the movements of the shadows of an objects on the Earth during the course of a day. 288 289, UD2 UD3, 320 321, 322 323, 328 329 B. Solar System 1. Recognize that the sun can only be seen during the day, but the moon can be seen sometimes at night and sometimes during the day. D6, 313E, 313G 313H, 314 315, 316 317, 318 321, 322 323, 327, 329, 330 331 C. Stars 1. Observe that stars are many, scattered, and different in brightness. D6, 313E, 313F 313H, UD2 UD3, 314 315, 324 325 2. Observe that the position of the stars, with respect to each other (constellations) is unchanging. D6, 313E, 313G 313H, 324 325 D. Galaxies and Universe Indicators for this strand are introduced at a higher grade level. STANDARD 5.10 (ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES) ALL STUDENTS WILL DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE ENVIRONMENT AS A SYSTEM OF INTERDEPENDENT COMPONENTS AFFECTED BY HUMAN ACTIVITY AND NATURAL PHENOMENA. 21

Grade One Descriptive Statement: Creating an awareness of the need to protect, conserve, and preserve natural resources is a goal of science education. This standard calls for students to develop knowledge of environmental issues, including management of natural resources, production and use of energy, waste management, and the interdependence of ecosystems. By the end of Grade 2, students will: A. Natural Systems and Interactions 1. Associate organisms' basic needs with how they meet those needs within their surroundings. 4, 6, 10 11, 12 13, 18 19, 22 23, 24, 26 27, 28, 29, 30 33, 34 35, 36 37, 38 39, 42 43, 46 47, 48, 50 51, 52, 53, 54 57, 58 61, 62 67, 68 71, 72 73, 74 75, 86 91, 92 93, 94 95, 98 99, 114 115, 122 125, 126 129, 130 131, 142 143, 312, 342 345 B. Human Interactions and Impact 1. Identify various needs of humans that are supplied by the natural or constructed environment. 6, 12 13, 24, 80, 102, 105, 120, 151, 154 155, 160 165, 166 167, 294 295, 300 301, 338 339, 342 345, 346 347, 352 355, 360 361 22

to the Content Standards for Science Grade Two STANDARD 5.1 (SCIENTIFIC PROCESSES) ALL STUDENTS WILL DEVELOP PROBLEM-SOLVING, DECISION-MAKING AND INQUIRY SKILLS, REFLECTED BY FORMULATING USABLE QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESES, PLANNING EXPERIMENTS, CONDUCTING SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATIONS, INTERPRETING AND ANALYZING DATA, DRAWING CONCLUSIONS, AND COMMUNICATING RESULTS. Descriptive Statement: Students best learn science by doing science. Science is not merely a collection of facts and theories but a process, a way of thinking about and investigating the world in which we live. This standard addresses those skills that are used by scientists as they discover and explain the physical universe skills that are an essential and ongoing part of learning science. By the end of Grade 4, students will: A. Habits of Mind 1. Raise questions about the world around them and be willing to seek answers through making careful observations and experimentation. xxii xxvi, 4, 26 27, 36, 56 57, 68, 82 83, 90 91, 98 99, 100, 122 123, 132 133, 136, UB1, 140, 142 145, 154 159, 160 161, 172, 194 195, 204, 218 219, 227, 228 229, 232, 236, 238 241, 248 251, 256 257, 268, 286 289, 290 291, 292 293, 300, 322 323, 332, 333, 340 341, 344 345, 346 347, 356 357, 360, UD4, 364, 394 395, 396, 398 401, 406 407, 410 411, 420 421, 424 2. Keep records that describe observations, carefully distinguish actual observations from ideas and speculations, and are understandable weeks and months later. 26 27, 35, 36, 56 57, 90 91, 100, 122 123, 132 133, 136, 160 161, 189, 194 195, 228 229, 232, 256 257, 258 259, 290 291, 292 293, 317, 322 323, 346 347, 356 357, 360, 420 421, 424 23

Grade Two 3. Recognize that when a science investigation is replicated, very similar results are expected. 4, 26 27, 68, 100, 122 123, 132 133, 160 161, 194 195, 228 229, 232, 236, 256 257, 268, 290 291, 292 293, 300, 322 323, 332, 346 347, 356 357, 360, 364, 420 421, 424 4. Know that when solving a problem it is important to plan and get ideas and help from other people. 4, 26 27, 36, 56 57, 68, 81, 90 91, 100, 122 123, 132 133, 140, 160 161, 172, 194 195, 196 197, 218 219, 228 229, 236, 256 257, 268, 290 291, 300, 322 323, 332, 346 347, 356 357, 364, 384 385, 396, 410 411, 420 421, 424 B. Inquiry and Problem Solving 1. Develop strategies and skills for information-gathering and problem-solving, using appropriate tools and technologies. 4, 26 27, 36, 56 57, 68, 90 91, 100, 122 123, 132 133, 136, 140, 160 161, 172, 194 195, 196 197, 204, 218 219, 220 221, 227, 228 229, 232, UC4, 236, 256 257, 258 259, 268, 290 291, 292 293, 300, 322 323, 332, 346 347, 352, 356 357, 360, 364, 384 385, 396, 410 411, 420 421 2. Identify the evidence used in an explanation. 4, 26 27, 68, 100, 122 123, 132 133, 136, 160 161, 194 195, 204, 218 219, 228 229, 232, 236, 256 257, 268, 290 291, 292 293, 300, 322 323, 332, 346 347, 356 357, 420 421 C. Safety 1. Recognize that conducting science activities requires an awareness of potential hazards and the need for safe practices. xxxii, 4, 26 27, 68, 100, 136, 140, 160 161, 194 195, 204, 218 219, 228 229, 236, 256 257, 268, 288 289, 290 291, 300, 322 323, 332, 346 347, 356 357, 384 385, 410 411, 420 421 2. Understand and practice safety procedures for conducting science investigations. xxxii, 4, 26 27, 56 57, 68, 100, 160 161, 194 195, 204, 218 219, 228 229, 236, 256 257, 268, 288 289, 290 291, 300, 322 323, 332, 346 347, 384 385, 410 411, 420 421 24

Grade Two STANDARD 5.2 (SCIENCE AND SOCIETY) ALL STUDENTS WILL DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING OF HOW PEOPLE OF VARIOUS CULTURES HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, AND HOW MAJOR DISCOVERIES AND EVENTS HAVE ADVANCED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. Descriptive Statement: Science is a human endeavor involving successes and failures, trials and tribulations. Students should know that great numbers of people from many cultures have contributed to our understanding of science and that science has a rich and fascinating history. This standard encourages students to learn about the people and events that have shaped or revolutionized important scientific theories and concepts. By the end of Grade 4, students will: A. Cultural Contributions 1. Describe how people in different cultures have made and continue to make contributions to science and technology. 10 11, 32, 96, 128, 168, 200, 207, 214 215, 224, 264, 296, 328, 352, 382 383, 390, 392, 404 405, 416 B. Historical Perspectives 1. Hear, read, write, and talk about scientists and inventors in historical context. 11, 32, 62 63, 64, 80, 128, 200, 224, 250, 264, 328, 352, 382 383, 384 385, 392, 397, 405, 416, EM10 STANDARD 5.3 (MATHEMATICAL APPLICATIONS) ALL STUDENTS WILL INTEGRATE MATHEMATICS AS A TOOL FOR PROBLEM-SOLVING IN SCIENCE, AND AS A MEANS OF EXPRESSING AND/OR MODELING SCIENTIFIC THEORIES. Descriptive Statement: Science cannot be practiced or learned without appreciation of the role of mathematics in discovering and expressing natural laws. This standard recognizes the need for students to fully integrate mathematics skills with their learning of science. 25

Grade Two By the end of Grade 4, students will: A. Numerical Operations 1. Determine the reasonableness of estimates, measurements, and computations of quantities when doing science. 32, 56 57, 88 89, 90 91, 124 125, 146 147, 189, 194 195, 200, 216 217, 224, 232, 256 257, 258 259, 268, 292 293, 300, 328, 352, 386 387, 392, 420 421 2. Recognize and comprehend the orders of magnitude associated with large and small physical quantities. 14 15, 27, 84 89, 104 107, 108 109, 116 117, 134 135, 146 147, 150 151, 185, 243 3. Express quantities using appropriate number formats, such as: integers. fractions. 56 57, 58 59, 77, 104 105, 115, 124 125, 162 163, 172, 194 195, 220 221, 256 257, 258 259, 268, 292 293, 348 349, 386 387, 405, 420 421 B. Geometry and Measurement 1. Select appropriate measuring instruments based on the degree of precision required. 17, 46 47, 90 91, 124 125, 172, 194 195, 216 217, 220 221, 232, 236, 242 243, 256 257, 258 259, 268, 292 293, 300, 310 313, 324 325, 396, EM1 2. Use a variety of measuring instruments and record measured quantities using the appropriate units. 17, 46 47, 90 91, 125, 171, 172, 194 195, 216 217, 220 221, 232, 236, 242 243, 256 257, 258 259, 268, 292 293, 300, 310 313, 324 325 C. Patterns and Algebra 1. Identify patterns when observing the natural and constructed world. 28 29, 113, 174 177, 178 179, 180 181, 182 183, 184 185, 186 187, 204, 218 219, 284 285, 290 291, 292 293, 356 357, 370 373, 374 375, 380 381, 386 387, EM14 26

Grade Two D. Data Analysis and Probability 1. Use tables and graphs to represent and interpret data. 26 27, 56 57, 58 59, 100, 124 125, 132 133, 160 161, 162 163, 194 195, 196 197, 218 219, 220 221, 225, 228 229, 256 257, 258 259, 292 293, 322 323, 346 347, 348 349, 356 357, 386 387, 412 413, 420 421 STANDARD 5.4 (NATURE AND PROCESS OF TECHNOLOGY) ALL STUDENTS WILL UNDERSTAND THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOP A CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE NATURE AND PROCESS OF TECHNOLOGY. Descriptive Statement: This standard focuses on developing students understanding of the interrelationship between science and technology. It introduces students to and expands their understanding of the nature of technology. In addition, it introduces and develops students abilities with technological design including experiences in predicting, decision making, critical thinking, and problem solving. By the end of Grade 2, students will: A. Science and Technology 1. Indicators for this strand are introduced at a higher grade level. B. Nature of Technology 1. Select and use simple tools and materials to complete a task. 4, 17, 26 27, 36, 56 57, 68, 90 91, 100, 122 123, 131, 132 133, 140, 160 161, 172, 194 195, 204, 218 219, 224, 228 229, 232, 236, 256 257, 258 259, 268, 290 291, 292 293, 300, 314 317, 322 323, 324 325, 332, 346 347, 356 357, 364, 384 385, 396, 410 411, 420 421 C. Technological Design 1. Make a plan in order to design a solution to a problem. 4, 26 27, 36, 56 57, 68, 90 91, 100, 122 123, 132 133, 136, 140, 160 161, 172, 194 195, 196 197, 204, 218 219, 228 229, 232, 236, 256 257, 268, 290 291, 292 293, 300, 322 323, 332, 346 347, 356 357, 360, 364, 384 385, 396, 410 411, 420 421, 424 27

Grade Two 2. Describe a toy or other familiar object as a system with parts that work together. 36, 132 133, UC2 UC3, 346 347, 390 391, 408 409, 410 411, 416, 424 STANDARD 5.5 (CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE) ALL STUDENTS WILL GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE STRUCTURE, CHARACTERISTICS, AND BASIC NEEDS OF ORGANISMS AND WILL INVESTIGATE THE DIVERSITY OF LIFE. Descriptive Statement: The study of science must include the diversity, complexity, and interdependence of life on Earth. Students should know how organisms evolve, reproduce, and adapt to their environments. By the end of Grade 2, students will: A. Matter, Energy and Organization in Living Systems 1. Investigate the basic needs of humans and other organisms. UA1, 2, 4, 6 9, 20 21, 22 23, 24 25, 26 27, 42 43, 44 45, 46 47, 48 49, 50 51, 52 55, 62 63, 66 67, 68, 70 73, 74 77, 78 81, 85, 96, 114 115, 155, 360, 369, EM13 2. Compare and contrast essential characteristics that distinguish living things from nonliving things. 2 3, 42, 66, 99, 102 107, 146 149, 154 159, 206 209, 342 343, EM12 B. Diversity and Biological Evolution 1. Recognize that different types of plants and animals live in different parts of the world. UA2 UA3, UA4, 12 15, 16 19, 20 21, 22 23, 24 25, 42 43, 44 45, 46 47, 48 49, 50 51, 52 55, 62 63, 98 99 2. Recognize that some kinds of organisms that once lived on earth have completely disappeared. UB2 UB3, 203, 206 209, 210 211, 212 215, 216 217, EM4, EM6 28

Grade Two C. Reproduction and Heredity 1. Recognize that humans and other organisms resemble their parents. 43, 102 107, 108 109, 110 111, 112 113, 116 117, 118 121 STANDARD 5.6 (CHEMISTRY) ALL STUDENTS WILL GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE STRUCTURE AND BEHAVIOR OF MATTER. Descriptive Statement: Exploring the nature of matter and energy is essential to an understanding of the physical universe. This standard leads students from their experiences with the states and properties of matter to the development of models of the atom and the underlying principles of chemistry. By the end of Grade 2, students will: A. Structure and Properties of Matter 1. Sort objects according to the materials from which they are made or their physical properties, and give a rationale for sorting. 12 15, 20, 28 29, 34 35, 38 41, 54, 58 59, 73, 130 131, UB2 UB3, 235, 240 241, 242 243, 278 281, 318 321, 322 323, 336, 356 357 2. Use magnifiers to observe materials, then draw and describe what more can be seen using the tools. xxviii, 68, 136, 137D, 140, 238 241, 263 3. Observe that water can be a liquid or a solid and can change from one form to the other. 232, 233E, 233G, 242 245, 250 251, 252 255, 256 257, EM19 B. Chemical Reactions 1. Indicators for this strand are introduced at a higher grade level. 29

Grade Two STANDARD 5.7 (PHYSICS) ALL STUDENTS WILL GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF NATURAL LAWS AS THEY APPLY TO MOTION, FORCES, AND ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS. Descriptive Statement: Basic principles of physics emerge in this standard, where the study of force and motion leads students to the concept of energy. All forms of energy are introduced and investigated, and principles of transformation and laws of conservation are developed. By the end of Grade 2, students will: A. Motion and Forces 1. Distinguish among the different ways objects can move such as: fast and slow. in a straight line. in a circular path. back and forth. 170 171, 302 307, 308 309, 310 313, 315, 363, 370 371, 374 375, 411, EM13, EM14, EM17 2. Show that the position and motion of an object can be changed by pushing or pulling the object. 298 299, 300, 302 307, 310 311, 318 321, EM7 B. Energy Transformations 1. Demonstrate that sound can be produced by vibrating objects. 331, 332, 334 337, 338 339, 342 343, 346 347 STANDARD 5.8 (EARTH SCIENCE) ALL STUDENTS WILL GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE STRUCTURE, DYNAMICS, AND GEOPHYSICAL SYSTEMS OF THE EARTH. Descriptive Statement: The study of science should include a study of the planet Earth and its relationship to the rest of the universe. This standard describes what students should know about the composition of the Earth and the forces that shape it. 30

Grade Two By the end of Grade 2, students: A. Earth s Properties and Materials 1. Observe and describe rocks and soil. 138 139, 140, 141, 146 149, 152 153, 164 165, 228 229, EM3, EM12, EM17 B. Atmosphere and Water 1. Identify the sources and uses of water. 4, 142 145, 155, 169D, 169F, 169H, 176 177, 178 179, 192 193, 254, 340 341 2. Recognize that water can disappear (evaporate) and collect on cold surfaces (condense). 169D 169F, 170 171, 176 177, 178 179, 232, 251, 254 255, EM3, EM6, EM21 3. Describe current weather conditions and recognize how those conditions affect our daily lives. 170 171, 173, 174 177, 180 181, 182 183, 184 185, 186 187, 194 195, 198 199 4. Describe daily and seasonal changes and patterns in the weather. 174 177, 180 181, 182 183, 184 185, 186 187, 194 195, 198 199, 292 293, 374 375 C. Processes that Shape the Earth Indicators for this strand are introduced at a higher grade level. D. How We Study the Earth 1. Record observations that describe the features of the natural world in their local environment. 17, 32, 35, 59, 86, 98 99, 140, 142 143, 160 161, 164 165, 166, 170 171, 194 195, 220 221, 227, 232, 292 293, 348 349, 352, 424 31

Grade Two STANDARD 5.9 (ASTRONOMY and SPACE SCIENCE) ALL STUDENTS WILL GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE ORIGIN, EVOLUTION, AND STRUCTURE OF THE UNIVERSE Descriptive Statement: The study of science should include a study of the planet Earth and its relationship to the rest of the universe. This standard describes what students should know about astronomy and space science. By the end of Grade 2, students will: A. Earth, Moon, Sun System 1. Recognize that the sun supplies light and heat to the Earth. 178 179, 266, 268, 270 273, 274 275, 278 281, 364, 366 369, 372 373, 382 383, EM5 2. Observe the patterns of day and night and the movements of the shadows of an objects on the Earth during the course of a day. 267, 282 285, 292 293, 364, 370 373, EM18 B. Solar System 1. Recognize that the sun can only be seen during the day, but the moon can be seen sometimes at night and sometimes during the day. 272 273, 362, 364, 365, 366 369, 370 373, 378 379, 382 383, 424, EM14 C. Stars 1. Observe that stars are many, scattered, and different in brightness. UD1, UD2 UD3, 366 367, 368, 376 379, 382 383, 384 385, 390 391 2. Observe that the position of the stars, with respect to each other (constellations) is unchanging. 372 373, 376 377, 384 385, EM4 D. Galaxies and Universe Indicators for this strand are introduced at a higher grade level. 32

Grade Two STANDARD 5.10 (ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES) ALL STUDENTS WILL DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE ENVIRONMENT AS A SYSTEM OF INTERDEPENDENT COMPONENTS AFFECTED BY HUMAN ACTIVITY AND NATURAL PHENOMENA. Descriptive Statement: Creating an awareness of the need to protect, conserve, and preserve natural resources is a goal of science education. This standard calls for students to develop knowledge of environmental issues, including management of natural resources, production and use of energy, waste management, and the interdependence of ecosystems. By the end of Grade 2, students will: A. Natural Systems and Interactions 1. Associate organisms' basic needs with how they meet those needs within their surroundings. 2, 6 9, 10 11, 14 15, 16 19, 20 21, 22 23, 24 25, 34 35, 42 43, 44 45, 46 47, 48 49, 50 51, 52 55, 62 63, 67, 68, 70 73, 74 77, 78 81, 82 83, 84 89, 91, 132 133, 171, 184 185, 186, 316 317, EM3 B. Human Interactions and Impact 1. Identify various needs of humans that are supplied by the natural or constructed environment. 53, 96, 142 145, 146 149, 150 151, 182 183, 184 185, 274 277, 368 369, 402 403, 408, EM13 33

to the Content Standards for Science Grade Three STANDARD 5.1 (SCIENTIFIC PROCESSES) ALL STUDENTS WILL DEVELOP PROBLEM-SOLVING, DECISION-MAKING AND INQUIRY SKILLS, REFLECTED BY FORMULATING USABLE QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESES, PLANNING EXPERIMENTS, CONDUCTING SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATIONS, INTERPRETING AND ANALYZING DATA, DRAWING CONCLUSIONS, AND COMMUNICATING RESULTS. Descriptive Statement: Students best learn science by doing science. Science is not merely a collection of facts and theories but a process, a way of thinking about and investigating the world in which we live. This standard addresses those skills that are used by scientists as they discover and explain the physical universe skills that are an essential and ongoing part of learning science. By the end of Grade 4, students will: A. Habits of Mind 1. Raise questions about the world around them and be willing to seek answers through making careful observations and experimentation. xxii xxvii, 2 3, 4, 26 27, 33E, 58 59, 65E, 68, 90 91, 97E, 100, 128 129, 140 143, 148, 162 163, 169E, 184 185, 191, 210 211, 220, 234 235, 258 259, 268 271, 272, 273E, 290 291, 314 315, 324, 344 345, 378 379, 402 403, 412 415, 440 441, 442 443, 466 467, 498 499, 508 511, 512 2. Keep records that describe observations, carefully distinguish actual observations from ideas and speculations, and are understandable weeks and months later. 26 27, 58 59, 90 91, 100, 140 143, 162 163, 172, 184 185, 191, 210 211, 234 235, 258 259, 268 271, 276, 290 291, 314 315, 324, 344 345, 356, 378 379, 388, 402 403, 412 415, 440 441, 443, 466 467, 496, 498 499, 508 511 34

Grade Three 3. Recognize that when a science investigation is replicated, very similar results are expected. 140 143, 184 185, 268 271, 290 291, 476, 498 499, 508 511 4. Know that when solving a problem it is important to plan and get ideas and help from other people. These explorations, investigations, and experiments provide opportunities for students to apply this objective: 26 27, 58 59, 90 91, 128 129, 140 143, 162 163, 184 185, 210 211, 234 235, 258 259, 268 271, 276, 290 291, 314 315, 344 345, 356, 378 379, 402 403, 412 415, 440 441, 466 467, 476, 498 499, 508 511 B. Inquiry and Problem Solving 1. Develop strategies and skills for information-gathering and problem-solving, using appropriate tools and technologies. 29, 36, 64, 68, 90 91, 100, 140 143, 148, 172, 184 185, 196, 210 211, 234 235, 237, 258 259, 268 271, 272, 276, 290 291, 300, 314 315, 324, 344 345, 356, 378 379, 388, 402 403, 412 415, 440 441, 452, 466 467, 498 499, 508 511 2. Identify the evidence used in an explanation. 26 27, 58 59, 68, 90 91, 100, 128 129, 140 143, 162 163, 172, 184 185, 191, 210 211, 220, 234 235, 258 259, 268 271, 290 291, 314 315, 324, 344 345, 378 379, 402 403, 412 415, 440 441, 466 467, 498 499, 508 511 C. Safety 1. Recognize that conducting science activities requires an awareness of potential hazards and the need for safe practices. xxviii, xxxii, 58 59, 90 91, 148, 184 185, 234 235, 258 259, 300, 314 315, 356, 378 379, 402 403, 508 511 2. Understand and practice safety procedures for conducting science investigations. xxviii, xxxii, 58 59, 90 91, 148, 184 185, 234 235, 258 259, 300, 314 315, 356, 378 379, 402 403, 508 511 35