LCLS-II-HE Instrumentation

LCLS-II-HE Instrumentation

Average Brightness (ph/s/mm 2 /mrad 2 /0.1%BW) LCLS-II-HE: Enabling New Experimental Capabilities Structural Dynamics at the Atomic Scale Expand the photon energy reach of LCLS-II to 20 kev o Atomic resolution requires ~1 Å ~1,000-fold increase in ave. spectral brightness re: LCLS o Average coherent X-ray power (spatial and temporal) is transformative Hard X-ray pulses in a uniform (programmable) time structure at a repetition rate of up to 1 MHz 10 26 10 25 LCLS-II 10 24 10 23 10 22 10 21 10 20 10 19 LCLS EuXFEL (FLASH) LCLS-II (HE) DLSR limit LCLS-II-HE LCLS Eu-XFEL Photon Energy (ev) 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 ~mj ~fs ~msec ~10 msec 2

LCLS Experimental Facilities After Realization of LCLS-II Plans 7 instruments fed by a single undulator at present 9 instruments available for LCLS-II N2.1 N2.2 N1.1 N1.2 XPP Near Hall XCS MFX CXI MEC Far Hall SXU HXU ~ 50 m NEH 1.1: NEH 2.1: NEH 2.2: NEH 1.2: XPP: XCS: MFX: CXI: MEC: ~ 70 m Atomic, Molecular and Optical Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering Soft X-ray Research Tender X-ray Instrument X-ray Pump Probe X-ray Correlation Spectroscopy Macromolecular Femtosecond Crystallography Coherent X-ray Imaging Matter in Extreme Conditions 3 Soft X-ray 1 tender x-ray 5 Hard X-ray 3

NEH 1.2: Combining two XFEL sources X-ray pump / X-ray probe capability with two high repetition rate XFEL sources Spatial and temporal overlap of two 1 micron XFEL beams with independent control of intensity, polarization and wavelength Present LCLS-II design uses: 400 1500 ev (SXU) 1000 5000 ev (HXU) LCLS-II-HE offers the potential to extend the energy range of the HXU branch 4

LCLS-II-HE Current FEH Reconfiguration: One plausible option as an example High resolution IXS & XPCS

Considerations for Increased Repetition Rate Sample Recovery X-ray Optics Optical Lasers > 120 Hz Operation Data Storage Detectors Data Acquisition 6

LCLS-II X-ray Optics Development: Wavefront preserving X-ray mirrors 200 ev HXR; 1.35 mrad, 13 kev 0.56 nm rms SXR; 12.0 mrad, 1.3 kev 0.6 nm rms 700 ev The mirrors exist but, we need to preserve the shape once installed and under the LCLS II power delivered to (up to 200 W) the mirrors 1300 ev D. Cocco et al.

Pump-probe laser amplifiers at free electron laser facilities are designed to serve a variety of experiments. The experimental portfolio of these future FELs at SLAC can be widened using OPCPA, which allows different modes of operation and easier upgrades (tunable center wavelength, average power, ultra-short pulse duration). LCLS-II Pump Laser Development: High Average Power Femtosecond Laser System Laser amplifier setup OPCPA technology required parameters Amplificati Optical parametric amplifier pump idler signal θ α nonlinear optical crystal Main advantages Broadband amplification Different spectral ranges Low thermal load (linear absorption) 3 wave mixing process in a nonlinear optical crystal Energy transfer from pump signal and idler wave Repetition rate (MHz) Pulse energy (mj) Initial parameters 0.1 Power (W) 100 Pulse duration (fs) Spectral range (µm) upgrades single shot - 1Mhz 1 (see power) 15 >100 W (NIR OPA) >150 W (IR OPA <10fs (NIR OPA), <45 (IR OPA) 0.7-1 1.4-1.6; 2.9-3.9 Energy stability <1.5% <1% Compression <1.2xBWL - Pump laser power (kw) Pump laser duration (ps) Pump laser wavelength (µm) 1.5 kw tbd 1.5-1.03/0.515 - S1 OPCPA technology required parameters F. Tavella et al. Optical table layout 8

LCLS-II Detector Development: absorber High Repetition Rate Detector Systems ype 2: Large > 1Mpixel camera CS-PAD style, absorber X-ray 0.06 thermal isolation absorber X-ray 0.06 thermal isolation thermometer Resistance (Ω) 0.00 95.8 Resi xample (modular, so 2 Mpixel possible with thermal more thermometer les) could also do guillotine, but likely center-hole isolation eeded Megapixel Imaging Detectors Energy Resolving Detectors TES spectrometers Resistance (Ω) 0.00 95.8 96 96.2 Temperature (mk) 0.00 95.8 Tempera Temperature 96 E C Temperature ( Tim Centerhole style (CSPAD style) TES spectrometers provide a unique combination of spectr resolution, efficiency, and broadband coverage CDMS heritage Development timeline ~2 khz in 2020 5 khz in 2021 20 khz in 2022 ~200W@25kHz Cooling: ~ 3 l/m 10-100 khz rep rate ~0.5 ev energy resolution at 1 kev ~1.5 ev @ 10 kev 10,000 pixels SLAC TID, Fermilab, LBNL, K. Irwin et al. 9

LCLS-II Data Systems Development: High Volume/Peformance DAQ, Computing, Storage Data systems must be scaled to match detector performance Data reduction will be needed at the highest repetition rate Key feature extraction (lossy compression) LCLS, SLAC, Stanford, LBNL, NERSC, ESNet, 10

Summary LCLS-II-HE is an incredible X-ray source Many technology developments are ongoing to take best advantage of LCLS-II and LCLS-II-HE New instrumentation can be accommodated in a reconfigured Far Experimental Hall One plausible option was shown However, this presentation was just an FYI and should NOT limit your thinking on potential science opportunities 11

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MEC PW Facility MEC PW Facility IXS to Hutch 7 CXI split for serial operation Fed via mirror in XRT alcove 13