European Space program 50+ years of successful European collaboration ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 European Space, facts and figures Kjeld Hjortnaes Head of Software Systems Division ESA/ESTEC
ESA FACTS AND FIGURES Over 50 years of experience 22 Member States Eight sites/facilities in Europe, about 2200 staff 4.4 billion Euro budget (2015) Over 80 satellites designed, tested and operated in flight Over 20 scientific satellites in operation Six types of launcher developed ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 2
PURPOSE OF ESA To provide for and promote, for exclusively peaceful purposes, cooperation among European states in space research and technology and their space applications. Article 2 of ESA Convention ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 3
22 MEMBER STATES ESA has 22 Member States: 18 states of the EU (AT, BE, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, IT, GR, IE, LU, NL, PT, PL, RO, SE, UK) plus Norway and Switzerland. Estonia and Hungary are joining ESA in 2015. Seven other EU states have Cooperation Agreements with ESA: Bulgaria, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Slovakia and Slovenia. Discussions are ongoing with Croatia. Canada takes part in some programmes under a longstanding Cooperation Agreement. ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 4
ESA S LOCATIONS ESA sites/facilities Offices ESA ground stations ESA HQ (Paris) ECSAT (Harwell) ESTEC (Noordwijk) Brussels Redu Toulouse Cebreros, Villafranca ESAC (Madrid) EAC (Cologne) ESRIN (Rome) Salmijaervi (Kiruna) ESOC (Darmstadt) Oberpfaffenhofen Moscow Washington Santa Maria Houston Malargüe Kourou Maspalomas New Norcia Perth ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 5
ESA 2015 BUDGET BY DOMAIN Technology support* 2.4%, 105.3 M Robotic Exploration & Prodex 3.5%, 155.8 M Navigation* 15.0%, 664.5 M Telecom & Integrated Applications* 7.0%, 309.2 M Space Situational Awareness 0.3%, 13.9 M Budget 2015 4433.0 M European Cooperating States Agreement (ECSA) 0.05%, 2.0 M Basic Activities 5.2%, 232.1 M Scientific Programme 11.5%, 507.9 M Associated with General Budget 4.7%, 209.0 M Human Spaceflight 8.4%, 371.4 M Earth Observation* 28.3%, 1254.3 M Launchers 13.7%, 607.7 M ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 6 M : Million Euro *includes Programmes implemented for other Institutional Partners
Civil space program - compared The ESA space program 4433.0 M, = 8.84 / European / year (Big Mac Eurozone average 3.72 (Jan-2016)) The US civil space program 17460 M$ = 54.33$ /American / year ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 7 (Big Mac US $4.93 (Jan-2016) Source: Economist, Big Mac index 2015
World wide 1. The space economy (2013) worldwide represent 256 billion USD 2. Space manufacturing 84 billion USD ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 8 Source: OECD, the Space Economy 2014
Governmental budgets - World vide The US gov. space budget (civil + defense) is larger than the rest of the world together Only 3 countries spent more than 0.1% of GDP (US(0.23%), RUS(0.25), F(0.1%) of the GDP in 2013) ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 9 Source: Statista 2016
investment in space applications 1$=6.58 CNY) ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 10
Scientific output. ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 11
and in which areas ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 12
and by country ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 13
by centers ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 14
Esa s technology program 1. Enabling ESA future science and service driven missions, launchers and infrastructure, but also fostering innovation and technical excellence, assuring a. non-dependence on critical space technologies. b. transferring technology from space to non-space applications ( spin-off ), c. bringing innovations from outside the space sector to use in the design of new space systems ( spin-in ) 2. Improve the way we deliver space systems a. Develop the technology to make it possible. b. Support European Space Industry in its competiveness in a world market ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 16
Trends/Needs in European Space Examples from systems and avionics domain; 1. Evolve System Engineering and Cross Sectorial collaboration. a. Transition to Model Based Engineering / Virtual design/ digital mock-up / design analysis by simulation will evolve. 2. Support the transition towards product orientation rather than custom design (in particular for Telecom and Earth observation). 3. Integrated applications based on heterogeneous data from multiple sources will create new business opportunities for value-added products/services. (big data) ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 17
European Space technology budgets 640 M total institutional R&D budget (ESA, National, EC) of which 480 M are ESA R&D budgets. In support of a 4 B investments in missions / launchers / space infrastructures developments and in European industry s competitiveness. ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 18 Source: Member States and European Cooperating States declared data
Technical Domains (TDs) 1. On-board Data Systems/Avionics 2. Space System Software 3. Spacecraft Power 4. Spacecraft Environment & Effects 5. Space System Control 6. RF Payload Systems 7. Electromagnetics Technology 8. System Design & Verification 9. Mission operation and Ground Data Systems 10. Flight Dynamics and GNSS 11. Space Debris 12. Ground Station Systems and Networks 14. Automation, Telepresence & Robotics 15. Mechanisms & Tribology 16. Optics 17. Opto-Electronics 18. Aerothermodynamics 19. Propulsion 20. Structures & Pyrotechnics 21. Thermal 22. Environmental Control Life Support (ECLS) and ISRU 24. Materials & Processes 25. Quality, Dependability and Safety Cross sectorial 26. Spacecraft Avionic System 27. End to End System Engineering Processes 28. Electronic Components 29. Clean Space 30. Space and Energy ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 19
ESA R&D programs / versus TRL levels TRP (Basic Technology Research Programme) GSTP (General Support Technology Programme) CTP (Science Core Technology Programme) EOEP (Earth Observation Envelope Programme) ARTES ( Advanced Research in Telecom sys GNSS Evolution (EGEP) FLPP (Future Launchers Preparatory Programme) ETP (Exploration Technology Programme) ETHEP ( European Transp. And Hum expl.) Generic Generic (optional) Science Earth obs Telecom Navigation launchers Robotic Human expl. ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 20
Cross sectorial collaboration SYSTEM ENGINEERING PROCESS ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 21
System Engineering process 1. State the problem. It entails understanding customer needs, establishing the need for change, discovering requirements and defining system functions. 2. Investigate alternatives. Alternatives are investigated and evaluated based on performance, cost and risk. 3. Model the system. Running models clarifies requirements, reveals bottlenecks and fragmented activities, reduces cost and exposes duplication of efforts. 4. Integrate. Integration means designing interfaces and bringing system elements together so they work as a whole. 5. Launch the system. Launching the system means running the system and producing outputs -- making the system do what it was intended to do. 6. Assess performance. Performance is assessed using evaluation criteria, technical performance measures and measures -- measurement is the key. If you cannot measure it, you cannot control it. If you cannot control it, you cannot improve it. 7. Re-evaluation. Re-evaluation should be a continual and iterative process with many parallel loops. The Sixth Annual Symposium of the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE), July 7-11, 1996 ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 22
Model based system engineering and system data repository. Mission / system requirements System architect System Engineers / Domain experts Customer Supplier - Several modeling tools available. - SysML is one, but not used systematically System engineering team - Architecture - Specifications - Interface spec s - Plan s - Cost.. - Concept modeling (several approaches and methods are practiced) ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 23 Proposed solution Analysis System data repository Domain Domain analysis Domain analysis Domain analysis Domain analysis Domain analysis engineering - Architecture refinement (sub-sys-level) - Req. refinement (functional/performance) - Analysis - Each domain has own specific modeling, analysis or simulation tools with their own data representation
End-to-end Model-Based Engineering Process Design feedback and process improvement Operations AIV Anomalies Analyses Simulations Phase A Mission Need Feasibility Study Conceptual Design Top-Down Design Bottom-Up Production, V&V Verification Deployment Validation Phase E Phase B System / Preliminary Design Integration Assembly Phase D Manufacturing Detailed Design Phase C (Development & Qualification) Model-based Validation & Verification ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 24
Consequence of not getting it right Src: Richard Beasley, Andy J. Nolan and Andrew C. Pickard Rolls-Royce plc ; When Yes is the Wrong Answer; - INCOSE-2014 ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 25
Cross sectorial collaboration Joint undertakings SAVOIR / EGS-CC ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 26
Avionics Embedded systems Avionics Embedded Systems dossier: roadmap listing Avionics level crosssectorial activities and sectorial activities with a cross-sectorial scope Data Systems sectorial activities with an Avionics level scope defined in AES dossier (D) Data Systems Data Systems and On- Board Computers dossier refers to (D) for Avionics level activities On-board Payload Data Processing Dossier idem Control Systems sectorial activities with an Avionics level scope defined in AES dossier (C) Control Systems AOCS Sensors and Actuators dossier refers to (C) for Avionics level activities On-Board Software sectorial activities with an Avionics level scope defined in AES dossier (S) Software Systems On-board Software dossier refers to (S) for Avionics level activities Microelectronics Dossier idem ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 27
SAVOIR the joint undertaking SAVOIR means Space Avionics Open Interface architecture. An initiative to federate the European Space Avionics Community and together improve the way we build Spacecraft avionics. SAVOIR objectives: 1. Improve the way we deliver space systems 2. Support industrial competitiveness 3. Enhance product orientation SAVOIR is coordinated by the Savoir Advisory Group (SAG) including representative of; 1. Agencies: ESA, CNES, DLR 2. Large Satellite Integrators: Airbus-DS, Thales Alenia Space, OHB 3. Avionics HW and SW suppliers: RUAG, Selex Galileo, Terma ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 28
Product orientation Improve the way we deliver Space Systems (cost & schedule) by Pre-developed Products / Building Blocks based on well defined Specification & Interfaces based on an agreed Reference Architecture ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 29
THE EUROPEAN GROUND SYSTEM - COMMON CORE ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 31
European Ground Systems Common Core (EGS-CC) Joint undertaking led by ESA (ESTEC & ESOC) together with European Primes and National Space Agencies. ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 32
European Ground Systems Common Core (EGS-CC) Motivation 1. To develop and maintain a European Ground System Common Core (EGS-CC) for the next generation MCS/EGSE systems for the benefit of end-to-end usage (AIV/OPS) 2. Ensure interoperability of facilities between project phases and between programs (institutional and/or commercial). 3. Ensure a maximum commonality between EGSE and MCS, including common data and procedures. 4. Support the competitiveness of European Industry when supplying end-toend space systems on the world market. 5. Profit from sharing development, validation, sustaining and maintenance. 6. Cost and risk reduction when implementing space projects. 7. Allow small and medium enterprises ("SME s") to operate in a product oriented market, supplying quality products within a standardised context. ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 33
Scope of EGS-CC Product, System and Test Facility EGS-CC System EGS-CC Test Facility Application specific implementations Specific Models & Tools EGS-CC Product Kernel Reference Implementation Reference Test Facility ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 34
European Union Artemis JU / ECSEL Digital technology Digital technology being; Hardware Software IT services Internal IT Embedded software in vertical markets like automotive, healthcare, etc. The main conclusions, in hard figures (2013): The global market of Digital Technology is estimated at USD 3,300 billion, corresponding to around 50 million jobs (of which 44Mil are in SW) The share of Europe in Digital Technologies is about 9.1 million jobs. Europe s position is characterised by a strong presence in vertical markets. In Europe we have 0.2 million jobs in hardware, including semiconductors, and 8.9 million jobs in software and services ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 35
Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 36 Source: Gartner's 2015 Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies
Thank you for your attention ERTS2-2016 K. Hjortnaes Toulouse 27/01/2016 Slide 37