Overcoming Key OTA Test Challenges from 4G to 5G Raja N. Mir 5G MN Products Nokia - US/Irving 1
Contents 1 2 3 4 5 5G Overview 4G Vs 5G Radio, What Changed? OTA Changes impacting Measurement OTA Changes impacting Design Conclusions & way forward 2
5G What, Why and Requirements Capacity >10 Gbps peak data rates 100 Mbps whenever needed 1,000,000 devices per km 2 Extreme Mobile Broadband 10 000 x more traffic <1 ms radio latency Latency Ultra low cost for massive machine coms. Connectivity 10 years on battery Massive machine communication Critical machine communication Ultra reliability < 10-5 E2E outage Zero mobility interruption Reliability 3
Where are we with 5G standardization, trialing, piloting, commercial launch? 5GTF Industry specs 3GPP 5G Phase 1 3GPP 5G Phase 2 Standards roadmap March 18 accelerated ASN.1, embb, NSA, L1/L2 only Sept 2018: Full ASN.1 freeze for full 5G feature set (incl. SA) NSA 3GPP rel15 SA Critical IoT Massive IoT 3GPP rel16 3GPP 5G Rel 17 >40 GHz Fixed Wireless Access Extreme Mobile Broadband Ultra reliable Massive machine Low latency communication Optimized standard completing full 5G vision 5G 2016 2017 2018 Pilots 2019 2020 2021 2022 Industry roadmap Pre-standards start Early 3GPP acceleration Standards-based 5G start Region Licensed US 28, 39 GHz Korea 28 GHz EU / CN 3.5GHz 4.9GHz Japan Korea 4.5/3.7/28 GHz3.5 GHz US / EU 600/700MHz RoW < 6 GHz Global availability > 24 GHz Spectrum availability 4 L1/L2 freeze. Non-standalone Commercial Launch s NR
NAM Landscape on 5G Cable/Sat - Focused on 2.5GHz, with mmimo. - SB, SPRT and QCOM collaboration for 5G ready in 2.5GHz by end of 2019 - Launch in 2018 - Focused mostly in 28/39GHz (from XO and Straightpath) - 5GTF - 11 Market Field trials - Launch late 2019, major rollout 2020-28/39GHz + 600MHz - Launch in 2019. - Testing Nokia mmwave in lab - Launch late 2018, major rollout 2019 - Limited mmwave (39Ghz) - Interested in <6GHz after Straightpath loss - Nokia demoed DIRECT TV over 39Ghz. - Field trials - Want to build momentum. - Engaged in WS and trials - Want to leverage assets and potentially partner with wireless operator 5
Contents 1 2 3 4 5 5G Overview 4G Vs 5G Radio, What Changed? OTA Changes impacting Measurement OTA Changes impacting Design Conclusions & way forward 6
5G Spectrum - Below 6 GHz - Between 6-53 GHz 26.65 GHz - 29.5 GHz 38.6 GHz 40 GHz - Above 53 GHz 7
Free Space Path Loss (db) FSPL = 20 log 10 dd + 20 log 10 ff + 20 log 10 4ππ cc 170 150 Distance m : 10 100 500 1000 10000 Path Loss db 130 110 90 70 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Frequency GHz 8
4G : 5G Vs 4G Base station Radio : What changed? System Module CPRI Radi o RET, COAX Passive Antennas 5G : System Module CPRI Active Antennas + Radio 9
Analog Beamforming * Source : An Overview of Signal Processing Techniques for Millimeter Wave MIMO Systems. 10
Digital Beamforming: * Source : An Overview of Signal Processing Techniques for Millimeter Wave MIMO Systems. 11
Hybrid Beamforming: * Source : An Overview of Signal Processing Techniques for Millimeter Wave MIMO Systems. 12
VZ5GTF Waveform - Waveform : OFDM - Subcarrier Spacing : 75 KHz - OFDM Symbol Duration : 13.33 - CP Length : 1.04 and 0.9375 us - Transmission Time Interval : 0.2 ms - Bandwidth Scalability: 100 MHz integer multiples - FFT Size: 2048, 4096, 8192 - Modulation: QPSK, 16-64 QAM - Number of Spatial Streams: up to 8 - MOMO and Beamforming Feedback support 13
28 GHz and 39 GHz Phased Array Based Radios - 28 GHz phased array based radio was recently showcased in the MWC Americas 2017. This radio had 2 phased arrays. - 39 GHz phased array based radio has also been developed. This radio has 4 phased arrays. 14
Contents 1 2 3 4 5 5G Overview 4G Vs 5G Radio, What Changed? OTA Changes impacting Measurement OTA Changes impacting Design Conclusions & way forward 15
Measurement Challenges: 5G Vs 4G Base station Radio : What changed? 4G : System Modul e CPRI Radi o RET, COAX Passive Antennas Test Point : Analyzer / Generator Test Point?? Over The Air 5G : System Modul e CPRI Active Antennas + Radio 16
Measurement Challenges Over the Air Test ( OTA ) - EIRP, EVM, ACLR, Sensitivity, Dynamic Range, Selectivity, Blocking etc. - Beam pattern, Side lobes, Nulls etc. - Beam Steering. And in effect we have to repeat the full OTA measurement for all the beams in order to check their compliance. - Null Steering measurement. - In 4G these used to be single measurements. 17
Measurement Challenges Over the Air Test ( OTA ) - Research and Development Test - Production Line Test - HWI&V Test - Reliability Test 18
Measurement Challenges OTA Measurements close to the unit - Measure the Near Field and compute the far field. - Develop correlation between the OTA close to the unit and the far field measurements and use this information to post process near field results. 19
Contents 1 2 3 4 5 5G Overview 4G Vs 5G Radio, What Changed? OTA Changes impacting Measurement OTA Changes impacting Design Conclusions & way forward 20
Design Issues - Effective Isotropic Radiated Power ( EIRP ) - DPD OTA Solutions - Error vector magnitude ( EVM ) - Phase Noise - Raster Requirements - Thermal Issues - Temp Compensation 21
Contents 1 2 3 4 5 5G Overview 4G Vs 5G Radio, What Changed? OTA Changes impacting Measurement OTA Changes impacting Design Conclusions & way forward 22
Conclusion and Way Forward - 3GPP compliant 5G radios would be in production next year, we need innovative measurements methodology to meet this challenge soon. - Reducing cost is a big part of 5G and has to come down. - Compact Bench Top solutions where we can characterize all the beams without needing a full chamber for the characterization are preferred. How do we do this?? 23