The RCAF S&T program and the All Domain Situational Awareness (ADSA) S&T Program) CADSI AIR FORCE Martin McKinnon Director S&T Air (DSTA-3) Assistant Deputy Minister, Science and Technology Department of National Defence DATE 2016 NOTICE (U) This document has been reviewed and DOES NOT CONTAIN controlled THIS PRESENTATION IS UNCLASSIFIED AND DOES NOT CONTAIN CONTROLLED GOODS goods.
Royal Canadian Air Force S&T Program Agile Advice Innovation Royal Canadian Integration Navy Foresight Integrated Reach Power
Portfolio Overview: some key elements Air Integrated: Advanced EO/IR and RF sensors. Over-the-horizon radar Next Generation Airborne Electronically Steered Antenna Array Air Reach: Virtual Skies Air Power: EO/IR and RF Warfare Virtual Proving Ground Precision Application of Force Air Agile: Clothe the Aircrew Platform sustainment Advice Integration Innovation Foresight 2
S&T Trends S&T Challenges Affordability Cloud Computing Globalization of S&T Technological Surprise Additive Manufacturing Socio-Technical Networks Extension of the Human Frontier Evolving Sensing and Analysis Technologies Autonomy Electronic Warfare Wide Area Aerospace Surveillance Information Physical Human Domains Simulation and Training 3
Drivers for a new R&D program in continental surveillance Technology Environment Theater Geopolitics New threat vectors: long range, precision, stealth, hypersonic speed, drones. Unique and changing geophysical conditions, particularly in Northern oceans. Greater accessibility to and economic activity in the North. Strategic messaging. Very capable foreign military capabilities going beyond numbers. Canadian elections in Oct 2015 have led to the formation of a Government that has identified continental surveillance as a strategic priority for the Department of National Defence. 4
5 Context: All Domain Situational Awareness Initiative The CAF maintains and disseminates accurate, timely and persistent Situational Awareness of Canada's territory and approaches for CAF strategic decision making with respect to the defence of North America and in support of GoC security missions. Aerospace warning coverage extending deep North; Awareness of surface maritime traffic approaching or in Northern waters; and Awareness of subsurface activity approaching or in Canada s North.
All Domain Situational Awareness (ADSA) S&T Program The approved investment will position S&T to be ready to provide advice on the broadest range of questions pertaining to enhanced domain awareness of air, surface and sub-surface approaches to Canada. ADSA S&T will: analyse requirements with DND/CAF and NORAD stakeholders; work with partners to identify and leverage innovations; conduct R&D projects to de-risk and test unproven technologies; integrate and deliver advice; provide information on technical maturity, predicted operational performance, sustainability and risks. 6
ADSA: A Good News Story Renew Canada s focus on surveillance and control of Canadian territory and approaches, particularly our Arctic regions. MND Mandate Letter, November 2015 We are not building the capabilities for just surveillance; we are doing scientific studies that will inform the decisions of what technologies will be deployed. Dr. Marc Fortin, The Maple Leaf, January 2016 This is a very exciting development for the work we do at DRDC in supporting the DND/CAF. Dr. Marc Fortin, DRDC Info, 23 Nov 15 The Department has recognized the necessity for a focused S&T effort over the next five years to examine the issue of All Domain Situational Awareness as a dedicated S&T program with ADM(S&T) supplemental funding of $133M for FY15/16 to 19/20. ADM(S&T) Initial Planning Guidance for ADSA, 28 Sep 7 15
S&T Informing Decision-Making: Industry / Academia Continental Surveillance ADSA (All Domain Situational Awareness) program DND approved $133 million over five years Feb 2016: Space/TCPED Request for Proposals. $7M total value, 50/50 cost shared, max $1M DRDC contribution, up to 50% done by allies. Feb 2016: CSSP Request for Information (RFI). Later date: CSSP Call for Proposals (CFP). $5M total value (ADSA portion). Summer 2016: ADSA RFI. Summer 2016: Stakeholder Days. Fall 2016: ADSA CFP. Up to approx. $100M total value. 8
All Domain Situational Awareness (ADSA) S&T Program: 1. Strategic surveillance of airborne traffic and aerospace warning; 2. Awareness of maritime traffic in Canadian approaches and Arctic littoral regions; 3. Awareness of sub-surface activity approaching or in Canada s North; 4. Analysis of sensor mixes and information integration for domain awareness to detect threats beyond the threshold of current systems. 9
Threat, Requirement and Gap Analysis Sensor and Information Mixes Exploring and De-risking Technologies Over-The-Horizon Radar (OTHR) use for northern surveillance Aerospace Warning Active and passive ground, air and space-based radar Hyperspectral, infrared, seismic, acoustic and other sensing technologies Compression of the intelligence cycle for satellite Maritime Surface Surveillance Integration of Radarsat Constellation Mission (RCM) with other assets Future space-based wide area surveillance systems Underwater and under-ice sensor network Sub-surface Surveillance Long-range, long-endurance Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV) Underwater communications, docking stations and energy generation 10
Aerospace Warning Outcome: DND to conduct and/or access timely and persistent surveillance of airborne traffic over Canadian sovereign territory and its approaches and extending north. Requirement: DND requires the capability to detect, track, and identify all airborne objects, across a broad range of possible sizes, altitudes and speeds. ADSA S&T will explore both mature and emerging technologies, including: Over-The-Horizon Radar use for northern surveillance; Active and passive ground, air and space-based microwave and high frequency radar; and Hyperspectral, infrared, seismic, acoustic and other sensing technologies. 11
The NORAD mission requirement The North Warning System (NWS) supports air situational awareness Has been in place since circa 1985, reaching full capability in 1993. Has a end of life scheduled around 2025. CA-US have a proud history of collaboration in S&T for supporting military requirements Canadian defence scientist support to NORAD since NORAD s inception in 1958. The NORAD and USNORTHCOM Command Center, May 2008. 12
Sustaining/Replacing the North Warning System (NWS) Capability Evolutionary Approach System Centric Lower Technical Risk Higher Operational Risk (e.g. Radar) Revolutionary Approach Network Centric Higher Technical Risk Lower Operational Risk (e.g. Post Industrial System of Systems) Time 13
Over-The-Horizon Radar (OTHR) Technology Enduring capability gaps Replacing the North Warning System one-for-one would be ineffective against new threat vectors. ADSA S&T will identify and assess candidate technologies with partners. ADSA S&T will de-risk and predict the performance of Over-The-Horizon Radar (OTHR) technology when aimed to the North: Operational availability Range Estimated readiness Risks 14
Maritime Surface Surveillance Outcome: DND outcome to conduct and/or access timely and persistent surveillance of maritime surface objects of interest in Canadian approaches and Arctic littoral regions. Requirement: DND requires the capability, through new sensors and creative use of existing technologies, to detect, distinguish, characterize, identify and track man-made objects, and to monitor and maintain accurate awareness of the atmosphere, ocean, ice, and littoral environment. ADSA S&T will assess concepts and technologies, including: Acquisition and exploitation of maritime detections through a compression of the intelligence cycle for satellite imagery; Integration of Radarsat Constellation Mission (RCM) with other surveillance assets; and Concepts for future space-based wide area surveillance systems. 15
Density Plot of All AIS Contacts Recorded in the Arctic (DRDC) 1 Jan 2014 31 Dec 2014 30 20 10 0 Transits of the Canadian Northwest Passage since 2000 22 21 13 15 12 13 15 9 5 4 6 5 3 4 5 5 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 16
17 ISR S&T Program SPACE-BASED MARITIME D OMAIN AWARENESS ( MDA) Tools and techniques to exploit RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM) capabilities for MDA as well as exploiting RCM as elements in a system-of-systems. Detect, identify and track ships Discriminate icebergs from ships Detect human activity Generate ocean intelligence products Detect submerged objects ISR sensors and sensor mixes Blue marble world map NASA 2002
ISR S&T Program SPACE-BASED RADAR EXPLOITATION Exploitation of RADARSAT-2 and RCM and other future space-based radar systems for surveillance, including the Arctic, and intelligence preparation of the battlefield in support of deployed forces Enhance production of GEOINT/AGI products and TDAs by extracting new information from current (and planned) sensors Real, virtual and hybrid SAR constellations Collect and manage geospatial data Arctic intelligence Multi-sensor exploitation and fusion in an all-source intelligence environment 18
Compress the Task, Collect, Process, Exploit, Disseminate (TCPED) cycle for post-radarsat Constellation Mission (RCM) Proactively strengthen Canada s niche role as a provider of intelligence derived from wide-area post-rcm surveillance data for tipping and cueing other assets: Develop cueing role and automated tasking Radar concepts On-board processing AIS antenna and receiver concepts Maritime surveillance tools Land surveillance tools Collaboration opportunities: FVEYs industry can bid on RFP (CAN lead, minimum 50% value of contract) Input to requirements; Joint evaluation and integration of products (concepts, technical reports, software, etc.); Annual workshops 19
Sensor and Information Mixes Through a system-of-systems approach, DND requires performance and maturity estimates to trade off systems engineered architectures that integrate data from multiple disparate sensor systems and third party sources and enable collaborative information management in support of situational awareness. ADSA S&T will assess the requirements for an effective, persistent, resilient, sensitive and cost efficient surveillance system, by analyzing: Optimal sensor mixes and placements within each domain; Optimal sensor mixes across all of the identified domains; and Management and exchange of information of interest to DND across the identified areas and environments to support operational decision making. 20
Summary New threat vectors and strategic changes stress the need for advice on enhanced surveillance and detection capabilities Surveillance solutions explored will also support the Government of Canada s ability to exercise sovereignty in the North, and provide a greater whole-ofgovernment awareness of safety and security issues, transportation and commercial activity in Canada s Arctic ADSA S&T will be delivered in close cooperation with Allies ADSA S&T creates exciting opportunities for S&T providers Finding enhanced surveillance solutions is essential to solve the tough problem of providing enduring protection of Canada and the United States. 21