Unit 3.2 Page 1 Vocabulary Wednesday, September 30, 2015 4:31 PM aperture back lighting candid photograph color temperature cropping depth of field digital single lens reflex (DSLR) digital zoom focal point framing front lighting illusion of depth ISO jog dial Kelvin leading lines macro megapixel metadata mode dial optical zoom perspective photographic composition point-and-shoot rule of thirds shutter speed side lighting white balance Indicates the size of a camera lens s opening. When light shines from behind the subject toward the camera, often casting all of the front details of a subject in shadow or silhouette. Non-posed, usually informal picture. Measures the type of light shining on an image. In photo composition, including all wanted elements in a photo and excluding all unwanted elements. Indicates how much of the image is in focus. A camera that uses a mirror system to capture an image. DSLR cameras have interchangeable lenses. The digital enlargement of an image on an image sensor through interpolation of pixels. The element within an image on which the viewer s eye focuses. The use of elements within a scene to visually surround the subject and draw attention to it. When light shines from behind the camera and illuminates the front of the subject, producing few or no shadows. In photography, the effect of visual clues that make a viewer perceive an image as threedimensional in a two-dimensional image. A standardized measurement of the speed with which a camera stores an image. A type of wheel or dial on a camera that makes is possible to scroll through setting options by rotating. There is an indicator for the current selection. The measurement, in degrees, of the color temperature of light. Actual or suggested lines in an image that draw a viewer s eye through an image in a specific direction, usually to the focal point. A setting or lens that allows close-ups. A unit of measure equal to one million pixels. On a digital camera, the megapixels on an image sensor react to and record light to produce an image. The number of megapixels indicates the maximum image resolution of a camera. Information about a photograph stored within the image file. A type of wheel or dial on a camera that makes it possible to scroll through setting options by rotating. There is an indicator for the current selection. The actual magnification of an image through the movement of a camera lens. In photography, what makes items look larger and closer or smaller and farther away; can be used to create depth and express a story about a subject. The selection and arrangement of design elements within a photograph. A camera designed to be easy to use with preset functions. Principle imposing an imaginary grid of nine equal spaces (like a tic-tac-toe grid) over a scene to be photographed, then positioning the most important elements of the image along the gridlines, most preferably at or near the intersection of two imaginary gridlines. Measures the rate at which a camera lens opens and closes. Light that shines from the right or left of the camera and illuminates the subject from the side, creating more defined highlights and shadows. Adjusts an image based upon the color temperature present when an image is photographed. From <http://www.cengage.com/cgi-wadsworth/course_products_wp.pl?fid=m35&product_isbn_issn=0538741309 &chapter_number=4&resource_id=10&altname=glossary>
Photography Composition Friday, October 02, 2015 10:02 AM Composition Technique Description Example Reasoning Rule Of Thirds Principle imposing an imaginary grid of nine equal spaces (like a tic-tac-toe grid) over a scene to be photographed, then positioning the most important elements of the image along the gridlines, most preferably at or near the intersection of two imaginary gridlines. This image represents Rule of thirds because the openings in the fence line up with two horizontal lines in a rule of thirds grid. The flower is positioned at the bottom right intersection point of a Rule of Thirds grid. Filling The Frame In photo composition, including all wanted elements in a photo and excluding all unwanted elements. This image represents Filling the Frame because the subject is the flower and that's the only object in the frame. Leading Lines Actual or suggested lines in an image that draw a viewer s eye through an image in a specific direction, usually to the focal point. This image represents Leading Lines because there are many lines on the top, bottom, sides etc. that lead to a point which is the focal point of the image. Framing The use of elements within a scene to visually surround the subject and draw attention to it. This image represents Framing because there are natural frames (windows) leading to the subject to draw more attention to it. Directional Lighting (Front) When light shines from behind the camera and illuminates the front of the subject, producing few or no shadows. This image represents Front Lighting because there's light coming in from the back, drawing more attention to the subject. Directional Lighting (Side) Light that shines from the right or left of the camera and illuminates the subject from the side, creating more defined highlights and shadows. This image represents Side Lighting because there's light coming in from the side of the image to create a more dramatic picture. When light shines from behind the subject toward the camera, Unit 3.2 Page 1
Directional Lighting (Back) When light shines from behind the subject toward the camera, often casting all of the front details of a subject in shadow or silhouette. This image represents Back Lighting because there is light coming from the back of the image into the image and not from any other side. Depth (Angles) Using unusual viewpoints to create interest in photos. Shooting from a lower angle makes subject appear bigger and more important. Shooting from a higher angle diminishes a subject. This image represents depth because the photographer took the picture from an unusual angle rather than it being take from a normal POV. Depth (Fore ground, Middle Ground, and Background) Use overlapping to deliberately partially obscure one object with another. This image represents depth because there are various layers to this picture. There are the branches close to the lens, the rest of the branches in the middle and the scenery in the background. They are all overlapping one another. All images obtained from photosforclass.com Depth (Perspective) In photography, what makes items look larger and closer or smaller and farther away; can be used to create depth and express a story about a subject. This image represents depth because the red wood seems father away than the blue one, but in reality the blue one could be very close to the red one. Candid Non-posed, usually informal picture. This image represents a Candid because it is non posed. The little girl did not know people were taking a picture of her. Unit 3.2 Page 2
Digital Single Lens Reflex Interchangeable professional Better image quality More adaptability Faster performance More manual control "What you see is what you get" Point and Shoot amateur Less expensive More portable Easier to use Digital Single Lens Reflex DSLR Point and Shoot Unit 3.2 Page 4
Megapixels Higher Larger Jog dial or Mode dial Auto Manual Macro Landscape Optical Digital Intelligent Optical Digital They turn off digital zoom and rely on optical zoom only. Unit 3.2 Page 5
JPEG lossy Settings for color, light, saturation, etc. are determined by the camera before you even open it in photo editing software. Raw file format Each camera manufacturer uses its own file extension and specifications. jpeg raw Unit 3.2 Page 6
Unit 3.2 Page 7 Camera Settings Friday, October 09, 2015 8:30 AM
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Unit 4 Page 1 Vocabulary Wednesday, October 14, 2015 12:05 PM document window title bar magnification options bar Displays the active open Photoshop file; can have multiple document windows open at one time. The part of the document window that displays the name of the file. Refers to the percentage of enlargement or reduction on the screen. This can be seen on the title bar with the file name in percentage value. The area below the menu bar that changes to reflect the tool currently selected on the tool palette. blending modes Ways in which pixels in an image are affected by a color. zoom tool hand tool background color foreground color Navigation tool that magnifies or reduces the view of an image. Navigation tool that moves an image around in a viewing area. The color behind a raster image that appears when one erases or cuts a selection from the background layer of an image. The color that appears one paints, draws, or fills an image in a raster-editing program. selection tool A type of tool used to select a portion of a raster image before modifying it. antialiasing feathering tolerance contiguous quick mask A raster-editing feature that softens the hard edges of a selection by adjusting the color of the pixels along the outside edge. A raster-editing feature that softens the hard edges of a selection by adding a border along the outer edge that gradually fades into the background, creating a soft blur. A setting that determines the range of pixels affected by a raster editing tool s action. In Photoshop, this is a setting for the Magic Wand tool. Linked or touching each other (in reference to parts of an image). A temporary mask used to make or refine a selection. Healing Brush tool Spot Healing Brush tool Red Eye tool Clone Stamp tool Eraser tool Background Eraser tool Blur tool Repair scratches, dirty marks, wrinkles, spots and blemishes. It is like a turbo-charged version of the Clone Stamp tool by sampling the surrounding area using the alt key and clicking a source point. Removes objects and unwanted elements like blemishes by automatically sampling - it requires no source point. Fixes red eyes in people and animals caused by camera flash. Paints with a sample color from another area of the image. Erases pixels from a layer. Effect is different depending on layer. Erases to transparency when you drag in on an image. Blurs hard edges as your dray. non-destructive edit highlights shadows midtones A change made to an image that does not actually alter the original image's pixels The lightest part of an image which is usually white. The darkest part of an image, which is usually black. The middle range of colors in an image.
Chapter 6 Raster Editing 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Becoming Familiar with the Raster Editing Workspace Learning Outcomes: Be familiar with a basic raster editing workspace and common tools Digital Media, 3e 2
Vocabulary Document Window Displays the active open Photoshop file; can have multiple document windows open at one time. Title Bar The part of the document window that displays the name of the file. Options Bar The area below the menu bar that changes to reflect the tool currently selected on the tool palette. Digital Media, 3e 3
Vocabulary Magnification Refers to the percentage of enlargement or reduction on the screen. This can be seen on the title bar with the file name in percentage value. Blending Modes Ways in which pixels in an image are affected by a color. These modes can be found in the top area of the Layers palette to the right of Opacity. Digital Media, 3e 4
Raster Editing Workspace Magnification Title Bar Options Bar Menu Bar Tool Box Palettes Document Window Digital Media, 3e 5
Navigation Tools A zoom tool is a navigation tool that magnifies or reduces the view of an image A hand tool is a navigation tool that moves an image around in a viewing area Digital Media, 3e 6
Foreground and Background Color The foreground color appears when you paint, draw, or fill in part of an image The background color appears when you select and delete an area of an image on the background layer; the color behind a raster image Digital Media, 3e 7
Using Tools to Make Selections Learning Outcomes Select portions of an image for editing by using selection tools Recognize common settings for certain selection tools Make and refine selections by using Quick Mask mode Digital Media, 3e 8
Using Tools to Make Selections A selection tool is a type of tool used to select a portion of a raster image before modifying it When you use a selection tool, the area you select is outlined with a moving dashed line, sometimes called marching ants Notice: Tools with small triangle in bottom right corner indicate more similar tools in pop-out menu. To access rightclick or hold the click and the window will pop out. Digital Media, 3e 9
Using Tools to Make Selections While working with a selected area you may want to hide marching ants ; use the keyboard short Ctrl+H Once an area is selected, you can use other tools and features to make changes to only that portion of the image Digital Media, 3e 10
Photoshop Selection Tools Digital Media, 3e 11
Photoshop Selection Tools (continued) To make a selection of a clearly defined shape with one of the marquee tools, click the tool and then click and drag around the item you wish to select To make a selection of an irregularly-shaped item, you can: Use the Lasso tool to draw freehand around the item Make the selection using the Magic Wand, Magnetic Lasso, or Quick Selection tools You are able to cancel a selection by selecting Deselect from the Select menu or by using keyboard shortcuts: Ctrl+D (PC) or Cmd+D (Mac) Digital Media, 3e 12
Selection Settings Anti-Aliasing and Feathering Anti-aliasing is a raster-editing feature that softens the hard edges of a selection by adjusting the color of the pixels along the outside edge Feathering is a raster-editing feature that softens the hard edges of a selection by adding a border along the outer edge that gradually fades into the background, creating a soft blur Susan Lake Digital Media, 3e 13
Selection Settings (continued) Additional Magic Wand Tool Settings Tolerance (located in the Options Bar) is a setting that determines the range of pixels affected by a raster editing tool s action; in Photoshop, this is a setting for the Magic Wand tool found in the Options Bar. Contiguous (located in the Options Bar) refers to pixels that touch ; if the contiguous setting is selected, only pixels that are touching will be included in the selection when you click an image with the Magic Wand. Digital Media, 3e 14
Quick Mask Mode Quick Masks, a temporary mask, enable you to make and refine selections using the Paint Brush tool. When you make a selection, you are essentially protecting the unselected area of the image from any changes you make to the selected area inside the marching ants. Digital Media, 3e 15
Quick Mask Mode (continued) If you make a selection using one of the selection tools and then click the Quick Mask mode icon on the toolbar, a ruby-colored overlay appears over the entire image except the selected area. Quick Mask mode is useful for refining a selection of an irregular shape in an image, especially if you use the Zoom In tool to magnify the area before you use the Paint Brush tool to adjust the quick mask. Digital Media, 3e 16
Fixing Common Problems and Retouching Images http://slodive.com Digital Media, 3e 17
Learning Outcomes Adjust levels, brightness, and contrast in photos using curves Use a cropping tool to adjust photo composition Edit a photo by using retouch tools Digital Media, 3e 18
Adjusting Brightness and Contrast Brightness measures how light or dark a color is on a scale of 0 to 100% Highlights represent the lightest part of an image Shadows represent the darkest part of an image Midtones represent the middle range of an image Adjusting the levels of any of these three areas can dramatically improve a picture Digital Media, 3e 19
Cropping You can use the cropping tool in raster editing software to achieve good composition. Digital Media, 3e 20 Photo Courtesy of Megan Smith-Creed
Using Retouch Tools Raster editing software features retouch tools that enable you to alter the content of an image. Digital Media, 3e 21
Retouch Ethics Is it ethical to drastically change a person s or product s appearance for marketing purposes? What about using photo editing tools to enhance your profile picture on a social networking site? Digital Media, 3e 22
Introduction to Layers and Layer Masks Learning Outcomes: Understand the usefulness of layers and layer masks in nondestructive editing Use layers and layer masks to edit digital images Manage file size in files with multiple layers Digital Media, 3e 23
Vocabulary Layers Non-destructive edit Background layer Layer Mask Flatten Digital Media, 3e 24
Understanding Layers Layers are a raster-editing feature that enable you to layer editable images individually, make changes, add effects, and make nondestructive edits; add layers to: Combine and overlap multiple images Draw vector shapes on a raster image Add text to an image Change the order of overlapping items Adjust the position of different elements Apply special effects and filters A non-destructive edit is a change made to an image that does not actually alter the original image s pixels Digital Media, 3e 25
Background and Normal Layers A background layer is a special kind of layer in raster programs like Photoshop that is always at the bottom of the layer stack and cannot be renamed, moved, or deleted or contain any transparency A background layer has certain restrictions: It is always the bottom layer no matter how many other layers you add It cannot be renamed It cannot be transparent It cannot be moved or deleted Never work on the background layer; always duplicate it then there are no restrictions and the original layer is untouched. Digital Media, 3e 26
Basic Layer Actions Digital Media, 3e 27
Layer Styles and Adjustment Layers Name layers using logical and understandable names You can add color and other details to layers You can add special effects to a layer To change an adjustment, click the adjustment layer in the Layers Palette and make changes in the Adjustments Panel Digital Media, 3e 28
Layer Styles and Adjustment Layers 1. To change an adjustment, click the adjustment layer in the Layers Palette and make changes in the Adjustments Panel 2. You can add color and other details to layers 3. Name layers using logical and understandable names 4. You can add special effects to a layer Digital Media, 3e 29 1. 2. 4. 3.
Understanding Layer Masks http://www.photoshopessentials.com/basics/layers/layer-masks/ Digital Media, 3e 30
Understanding Layer Masks Layer transparency can vary from completely seethrough (0%) to completely solid (100%) Layer transparency is applied to everything on the layer equally A layer mask is a raster-editing feature that enables you to control what is visible on a layer You can use a mask in combination with an adjustment layer to apply an effect to only a specific area of a layer Digital Media, 3e 31
Layers and Layer Masks in Action Original image set as the background layer Head too dark, no detail in shadow area. Photo Courtesy of Megan Smith-Creed Digital Media, 3e 32
Layers and Layer Masks in Action (continued) Zoom in on the head of the statue; select the head of the statue and add a Levels adjustment layer; use the Levels settings to lighten just the selected face Digital Media, 3e 33
Layers and Layer Masks in Action (continued) When you draw a text box, a text layer is automatically added to the image Add a layer style and adjusted the style settings Digital Media, 3e 34
Layers and Layer Masks in Action (continued) Add a new layer and used the Clone Stamp tool to obscure the portion of the building behind the fountain that was showing in the bottom left corner of the image Digital Media, 3e 35
Layers, File Size, and File Format If you save a layered image in a file format that is native to the image editing software, the layers will remain available to you even after you have closed the file If you save your image as a.jpg or other non-native file format, the layers will be merged into a single image and you will no longer be able to edit them individually Layers contribute to large file sizes, so the benefit of merging multiple layers into a single layer is a smaller file To flatten is to merge multiple layers into a single layer; flattening can reduce file size, but should only be done after all editing is complete and is best done on a copy of the original file Digital Media, 3e 36
Key Concepts Many raster editing programs have similar workspaces and basic tools For certain tasks in raster editing, you must first select a specific area to edit by using a selection tool or a feature like Photoshop s Quick Mask mode Some selection tools include settings such as antialiasing, feathering, tolerance, and contiguous options that enable you to enhance the effect or precision of a selection Quick Mask mode helps you refine a selection You can adjust levels, brightness, and contrast in photos using curves Digital Media, 3e 37
Key Concepts (continued) A cropping tool in a raster editing program can help improve photo composition Retouch tools make it possible to alter large and small imperfections in an image One of the most important uses of layers and layer masks is non-destructive editing. Since layers add to file size, you can choose to merge several layers into one by saving in a non-native format or by using a flatten image feature in a raster editing program Digital Media, 3e 38