Decommissioning in Canada IAEA Work Shop INT9175 9001 A.E Aikens 2012 September 27 UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ
Decommissioning in Canada Overview of work in Canada Port Hope Area Initiative Low Level Radioactive Management Office Nuclear Waste Management Office Canadian utilities, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick AECL Whiteshell Labs. Chalk River Labs. UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 2
Port Hope Area Initiative UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 3
PHAI UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 4
PHAI UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 5
PHAI UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 6
PHAI UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 7
PHAI UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 8
PHAI UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 9
PHAI UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 10
LLRWMO UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 11
LLRWMO UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 12
LLRWMO (www.llrwmo.org) Northern Transport Route clean up. Soil contaminated with uranium ore. 867 cu.m. at Tulita Site. Disposed at Clive Facility in Utah. UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 13
NWMO Nuclear Fuel Waste Act, S.C. 2002, c.23 Nuclear Waste Management Organization Contributions of money defined for each fuel waste producer Significant national consultations Adaptive Phase Management approach chosen. Strong concern by Canadians that fuel may have a future value or that new technology will change approach. Fuel should be retrievable. Currently in selection of a willing host community UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 14
Multi-year Process of Site Evaluations Site evaluation process is driven by community s interest to participate. Timelines provided are indicative only; actual timelines will be driven by communities. Initial Screening ~ 2-3 months (2011-2012: underway) Feasibility Study 1-2 years (2012-2013) Detailed Site Characterization ~ 5 years (2013/2014-2018) On request of communities, desktop studies to evaluate the potential suitability of the community against a list of initial screening criteria On request of communities, desktop studies to determine whether a site in the community has the potential to meet the detailed requirements for the project (possibility of limited field investigations) NWMO to select 1 to 2 candidate sites for detailed consideration. Detailed field investigations to confirm suitability of the site based on detailed site evaluation criteria 15
APM Technical Program Primary Objective» To complete the preliminary designs, safety cases, cost estimates and generic research activities for a used fuel deep geological repository to support a licence application following planned selection of a preferred site in 2018. 16
APM Design Used Fuel Packaging Plant 17
Canadian Utilities 20 Nuclear Power Reactors at 5 sites in Canada Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick. Ontario Power Generation Earliest decommissioning are the Pickering A reactors @ 2020. Recent announcement by new government in Quebec of closure of Gentilly 2 (635 Mwe) Otherwise, utilities have not begun any active decommissioning work. 18
Canadian Utilities LLW and ILW are stored locally. Fuel waste is stored on site in dry casks or MacStor facilities. All fuel will be transferred to NWMO eventually. Ontario Power has built a central LLW facility at the Bruce Power site. UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 19
Darlington NPP UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 20
Bruce NPP Western Waste Management Facility UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 21
Deep Geologic Repository www.opg.com/dgr
Nuclear Legacy Liability Program UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 23
NLLP Sites Chalk River Laboratories Whiteshell Laboratories Douglas Point Gentilly 1 Nuclear Power Demonstration Douglas Point (DP) UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 24
Whiteshell Laboratories UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 25
Whiteshell Laboratories UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 26
Waste Management, Fuel Canisters UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 27
WL UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 28
Original WL Schedule 30 years UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 29
WL UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 30
WL - 2005 UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 31
WL - 2008 UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 32
WL - 2018 UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 33
WL Waste Management UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 34
WL SMAGS Completed UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 35
CRL UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 36
CRL UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 37
Chalk River Laboratories UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 38
CRL Decommissioning Strategy Buildings and Infrastructure Environmental Remediation Waste Management Your Tour Sites NRX B210 WAF FPS UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 39
CRL 10,000 Hectares of Property 475 buildings and structures 5 major waste management areas 2 of 5 reactors in operation, NRU and Zed 2 2 operating hot-cell facilities Isotope production cells Did I mention that we are still operating UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 40
CRL Overall Strategy 70 year plan to remove all the liabilities defined under the NLLP funding. Assumed site operates to 2100 Controlled areas released for Industrial Reuse Some Institutional Control for possible near surface disposal facility and/or a Deep Geological Repository on site. Preliminary Decommissioning Plan filed with the regulator, CNSC. UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 41
CRL Building and Equipment Demolition &/or Removal Large components, large volumes, variable waste types Environmental Remediation UNRESTRICTED ILLIMITÉ 42
Building 107 Decommissioning Project The original B107 was constructed in 1945, but a series of modifications were added over the years. mixture of roofs (flat, sloped, metal, asphalt shingles, etc.) external walls were mostly clad with asbestos shingles UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 43
Building 107 Decommissioning Project B107 Phase I Area Expenditure Type Cost Total Pre-project $1,196,400 Contaminated Waste (does not include labour or clean waste costs) Total Project (incl. Labour, contracts, material, equipment and other) $630,500 $7,084,800 Total $8,911,700 Financial Summary B107 Phase II Area UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 44
Building 107 Decommissioning Project B107 Phase III Area B107 Phase III Area UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 45
Building 107 Decommissioning Project B107 Site Remediation B107 Site Remediation UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 46
CRL Environmental Remediation Site is well characterized, sampling wells track plumes. Higher priority items; Plumes Known emplacements of questionable integrity (could become a new plume) Extensive monitoring and sampling of soils, water, effluents, vegetation and wildlife. Both on and off site. UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 47
Plumes Pump and Treat system for Strontium removal. Permeable Reactive Membrane dams, wall and curtain technology. Removal of sources. UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 48
Recovery of buried items Historical checking of items buried (includes archeological). Concentrating on liquids as a priority. Excavation, ground penetrating radar and sampling to locate buried items. Field characterization and removal. UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 49
Waste Management Canada has no designated disposal sites for LLW-ILW. All wastes are stored on sites. Significant improvements made since the 1990s, significant improvements yet to come. Key is understanding all possible waste routes for processing and eventual disposal. UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 50
L&ILW Waste Storage at CRL: 1945 Today Past Practice: Below-ground storage WMA A 1946 WMA B : 1953-present WMA C : 1963-2006 UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 51
Waste Storage at CRL: Today & In Future Current Practice: Moving to Above-ground Storage Facilities MAGS WMA B Intermediate & High Level Waste Low Level Waste/Intermediate Level Waste SMAGS UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 52
Shielded Modular Above Ground Storage (SMAGS) SMAGS building provides above ground storage for Low-Level Radioactive Waste; each building provides ~3-5 years capacity. First SMAGS building in service 2008 May Construction of the second SMAGS building began in 2009 August and will be complete by 2010 August. Will seek CNSC Operating Approval in 2010 October; anticipate operation in early 2011. SMAGS 2 SMAGS 1 MAGS 2 MAGS 1 AECL - OFFICIAL USE ONLY / À USAGE EXCLUSIF - EACL
Bulk Material Landfill (BML) Project Status New facility to support the long-term management of Sewage Sludge generated at the CRL Sewage Treatment Plant. The chosen solution is an engineered, double lined landfill, with leachate collection, conforming to MOE Generic Option 2. Public Consultation (CNSC) of draft Environmental Assessment Study Report 2010 March; to be licensed under the Nuclear Substances and Devices Regulations. Additional activities: 3 rd Party Review of design; Methane Gas Assessment; geotechnical investigations re: stability following severe earthquake Construction anticipated from 2010 August- October. AECL - OFFICIAL USE ONLY / À USAGE EXCLUSIF - EACL
AECL Waste Inventory: LLW &ILW Today (2010) Projected (2100) 20,000 m 3 ILW 65,000 m 3 ILW General 141,000 m 3 LLW Soil 383,000 m 3 General 315,000 m 3 LLW Soil 830,000 m 3 Low Level Waste ~95% of the current and projected L / ILW inventory Includes large volumes of low-activity soil and rubble General includes wide range of operational wastes and demolition materials Projection for 2100 assumes CRL site cleanup Does not consider volume reduction processes Intermediate Level Waste Various waste streams alpha waste, bituminized waste, cemented waste, general solid waste Sources are historic waste emplacements, reactor components, ongoing operations Some existing waste will require processing before final disposition UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 55
Waste Stream Diagrams Clean Waste UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ
Waste Stream Diagrams UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ Likely Clean Waste
Waste Stream Diagrams Waste Stream Temporary Storage Treatment Conditioning Interim Storage Disposition VLLW Sewage Sludge BML VLLW Solid Waste SMAGS Segregation VLLWF To Clean Bulk Materials Waste Stream Radioactive Bulk Waste SMAGS Treatment Conditioning GWMF To Clean Bulk Materials Waste Stream To VLLW Solid Waste Stream Radioactive Concrete SMAGS/Bunkers Treatment Conditioning GWMF To Likely Clean Concrete Stream To VLLW Solid Waste Stream Low Level Waste - A UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ
Waste Management Very Low Level Waste facility Contract awarded for design. Will divert significant volume of waste now being stored. Waste processing facility feasibility study. Review of current site procedures for waste handling. UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 59
Waste Management Program (est. 2007) Requirements established for all waste management activities Program Objectives: Life-cycle improvements Assisting/Training waste generators: focus on minimization Oversight to ensure activities meet regulatory requirements Waste Minimization Hierarchy UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 60
Improvement Initiative: Colour Coding Waste bags and containers (radioactive, likely clean, clean, recyclable, compostable, etc.) are colour-coded to enhance segregation. UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 61
Annual Volume (m 3 /a) Performance Measures: Annual Volumes of Refuses at CRL 8000 7000 TOTAL (TSW + Recyclables) 6000 5000 Total Solid Waste, TSW (Radioactive + Inactive) 4000 Inactive Waste 3000 2000 Recyclables 1000 Radioactive Waste 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Inactive waste Rad waste Total solid waste volume (TSW) Recycle Total (TSW + Recycle) UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 62
Stages in Decommissioning Tour designed to see various stages of decommissioning. NRX Research Reactor in Storage With Surveillance (Stage 2) B210 Heavy water upgrading plant undergoing active decommissioning (Stage 3) WAF Waste Analysis Facility to see active separation for recycling and final measurement assurance for clean waste. FPS Fuel Packaging System, an enabling facility for recovery of fuel from failed tile holes UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 63
AECL UNRESTRICTED / ILLIMITÉ 64