PART ONE Themes in Literature T ABLE OF C ONTENTS UNIT 1 Working Toward Your Dreams ECHOES: Quotes on Theme 4 Langston Hughes Dreams POEM 6 A Dream Deferred POEM 6 The Dream Keeper POEM 6 Nikki Giovanni A Poem for Langston Hughes POEM 9 Chaim Potok Moon SHORT STORY 13 David L. Parker The Story of Iqbal Masih NONFICTION 29 from Stolen Dreams: Portraits of Working Children Gary Soto Born Worker SHORT STORY 36 Sentence Functions 11 Complete Subjects and Complete Predicates 34, 49 Dialogue 44 Quotation Marks 44 Tone 47 Voice 47 Complete Sentences 48 Sentence Fragments 48 FOR YOUR READING LIST 45 GUIDED WRITING 46 Narrative Writing: Preparing a Biographical Memoir LANGUAGE, : Writing Complete Sentences UNIT REVIEW 52 REFLECTING ON YOUR READING 52 UNIT 2 Family Ties ECHOES: Quotes on Theme 56 An American Diary: December 7, 1941, 1997. Roger Shimomura. Virginia Driving Hawk Sneve The Medicine Bag SHORT STORY 58 Judith Ortiz Cofer An Hour with Abuelo SHORT STORY 70 Sandra Cisneros Abuelito Who POEM 75 Nikki Giovanni Legacies POEM 81 S Amy Ling Grandma Ling POEM 82 Grandma Traub POEM 83 Phyllis McGinley First Lesson POEM 87 Norman H. Russell My Father s Hands Held Mine POEM 88 v
Bailey White Good Housekeeping PERSONAL ESSAY 93 S Hal Sirowitz No More Birthdays POEM 99 Happy or Sad POEM 100 Punishing Yourself POEM 100 Alice Walker For My Sister Molly Who in the Fifties POEM 105 Simple Predicate or Verb 67 Simple Subject 67 Using Who and Whom 77 Parts of Speech 77, 103 Meanings of Words 91 Spectacular Verbs and Adjectives 103 Colorful Language 103 Compound Verbs 110, 113 FOR YOUR READING LIST 111 GUIDED WRITING 112 EXPRESSIVE WRITING: Composing a Narrative Poem LANGUAGE, : Compound Verbs UNIT REVIEW 118 REFLECTING ON YOUR READING 118 UNIT 3 Going Down the Road ECHOES: Quotes on Theme 122 Meriwether Lewis and from The Original Journals of the William Clark Lewis and Clark Expedition JOURNAL ENTRIES 124 Lori Reccos The Corps of Discovery: They Had Some Help RESEARCH REPORT 132 William Least Heat-Moon from Blue Highways: A Journey into America TRAVELOGUE 138 May Swenson Southbound on the Freeway POEM 148 INSIGHTS: FOCUSING ON HISTORY The History of Auto Travel INFORMATIONAL TEXT 149 J. R. R. Tolkien Roads Go Ever Ever On POEM 153 Edna St. Vincent Millay Travel POEM 154 Vijaya Mukhopadhyay Wanting to Move POEM 156 William Stafford Freedom POEM 161 Robert Frost The Road Not Taken POEM 162 Proofreading Checklist 136 Colorful Language 158 Linking Verbs 166 Sentence Completers for Linking Verbs 166 Documenting Source Materials 173 FOR YOUR READING LIST 167 GUIDED WRITING 168 INFORMATIVE/PERSUASIVE WRITING: Developing a Persuasive Research Paper LANGUAGE, : Documenting Sources UNIT REVIEW 179 REFLECTING ON YOUR READING 179 vi
UNIT 4 Understanding Conflict ECHOES: Quotes on Theme 184 Ray Bradbury The Drummer Boy of Shiloh SHORT STORY 186 S Emmy Werner from Reluctant Witnesses: Children s Voices from the Civil War NONFICTION 192 Anonymous My Dear Josie LETTER 194 Shelby Foote from Echoes of Shiloh NONFICTION 196 Yoshiko Uchida The Bracelet SHORT STORY 201 Dwight Okita In Response to Executive Order 9066: All Americans of Japanese Descent Must Report to Relocation Centers POEM 206 Litsa Boudalika from If You Could Be My Friend: Letters of Mervet Akram Sha ban and Galit Fink NONFICTION 210 Naomi Shihab Nye Jerusalem POEM 219 Liam O Flaherty The Sniper SHORT STORY 224 S Eric Black The Community of the Peace People from Northern Ireland: Troubled Land NONFICTION 229 Betty Williams Declaration of the Peace People SPEECH 229 Nelson Mandela from Our struggle is against all forms of racism SPEECH 234 Collective Nouns 198 Concrete and Abstract Nouns 208 Inverted Sentences 221 Complete Predicate 222 Complete Subject 222 Direct Objects 232 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 232 Using Verb Tenses Correctly 244 FOR YOUR READING LIST 239 GUIDED WRITING 240 PERSUASIVE WRITING: Generating a Persuasive Speech LANGUAGE, : Verb Tense UNIT REVIEW 246 REFLECTING ON YOUR READING 246 UNIT 5 Open a Book, Open a World ECHOES: Quotes on Theme 250 Young Soldier. Winslow Homer, 1861. Alice Walker Women POEM 252 Anonymous On Education POEM 254 vii
Malcolm X and Alex Haley from The Autobiography of Malcolm X AUTOBIOGRAPHY 258 Saki The Story-Teller SHORT STORY 265 Annie Dillard from An American Childhood AUTOBIOGRAPHY 273 Rita Dove The First Book POEM 278 Ray Bradbury from Fahrenheit 451 NOVEL EXCERPT 282 INSIGHTS: LEARNING ABOUT HISTORY Gutenberg and the Age of the Printed Word INFORMATIONAL TEXT 290 FOR YOUR READING LIST 295 Irregular Verbs 263 The Verb To Be 263 Identifying Pronouns 280 Subject-Verb Agreement 297 GUIDED WRITING 296 INFORMATIVE/EXPRESSIVE WRITING: Completing an Extended Definition LANGUAGE, : Subject-Verb Agreement UNIT REVIEW 301 REFLECTING ON YOUR READING 301 UNIT 6 Far Horizons ECHOES: Quotes on Theme 306 Winter Scene with Skaters, c.1600, Pieter Brueghel the Younger. David West Reynolds Obi-Wan Kenobi: Jedi Knight from Star Wars Episode 1: The Visual Dictionary NONFICTION 308 Industrial Light & Magic, Part 1: History INTERNET ARTICLE 310 Carol Farley Lose Now, Pay Later SHORT STORY 316 Arthur Porges The Ruum SHORT STORY 326 Jack Finney The Third Level SHORT STORY 341 Isaac Asimov The Fun They Had SHORT STORY 349 FOR YOUR READING LIST 354 Using Context Clues 314 Colons 347 Semicolons 347 Sentence Run-ons 356 GUIDED WRITING 355 IMAGINATIVE/DESCRIPTIVE WRITING: Creating the Setting for a Science Fiction Movie LANGUAGE, : Sentence Run-ons UNIT REVIEW 360 REFLECTING ON YOUR READING 360 viii
PART TWO Genres in Literature UNIT 7 Folklore of the Americas: The Oral Tradition ELEMENTS OF THE ORAL TRADITION 366 Adrien Stoutenburg Pecos Bill AMERICAN TALL TALE 368 Carl Sandburg Paul Bunyan of the North Woods AMERICAN TALL TALE 378 D. Laurence Rogers The Ole Feller Recollects How Joe Fournier Became Paul Bunyan from Paul Bunyan: How a Terrible Timber Feller Became a Legend NONFICTION 381 Richard Walser Blackbeard s Last Fight AMERICAN LEGEND 388 Virginia Hamilton The People Could Fly AFRICAN-AMERICAN FOLK TALE 394 Albert E. Brumley I ll Fly Away FOLK SONG 400 Walker Brents The Tale of Annie Christmas AFRICAN-AMERICAN TALL TALE 404 Andy Charlie The Blind Boy and the Two Arctic Loons YUP IK FOLK TALE 411 Jessica Lewis INSIGHTS: GETTING INTO STORYTELLING MEMORY STORY 421 Joseph Bruchac and Gayle Ross Where the Girl Rescued Her Brother CHEYENNE LEGEND 425 INSIGHTS: EXAMINING HISTORY The Battle of Rosebud Creek INFORMATIONAL TEXT 430 Antonio Hernández Madrigal Legend of the Feathered Serpent AZTEC LEGEND 436 Barbara and David P. Mikkelson Gatored Community URBAN LEGEND 448 Parts of a Sentence 376 Clauses 386 Compound Sentences 386 Simple Verb Tenses 392 Adjectives 409 Adverbs 409 Perfect Tenses 402 Prepositional Phrases 434 Prepositions 434 Achieving Parallelism 458 FOR YOUR READING LIST 455 GUIDED WRITING 456 INFORMATIVE WRITING: Analyzing a Legend LANGUAGE, : Achieving Parallelism UNIT REVIEW 462 REFLECTING ON YOUR READING 462 Raftsmen Playing Cards, 1847. George Caleb Bingham. ix
UNIT 8 Stories to Tell: Fiction ELEMENTS OF FICTION 466 SHORT STORIES Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings A Mother in Mannville SETTING 471 Toni Cade Bambara The War of the Wall THEME 482 INSIGHTS: LOOKING AT OUTDOOR ART Public Art: Murals and Graffiti INFORMATIONAL TEXT 489 William Stafford The Osage Orange Tree PLOT 493 Arnold Adoff Walking Along the Edge of the Back Yard: POEM 500 O. Henry A Retrieved Reformation CHARACTER 504 NOVEL John Steinbeck The Pearl CONFLICT 514 FOR YOUR READING LIST 565 Vocabulary in Context 480 Sentence Variety 568 GUIDED WRITING 566 NARRATIVE/IMAGINATIVE WRITING: Developing a Short Story LANGUAGE, : Combining and Expanding Sentences UNIT REVIEW 574 REFLECTING ON YOUR READING 575 UNIT 9 Words in Motion: Poetry ELEMENTS OF POETRY 578 TECHNIQUES IN POETRY William Shakespeare Winter IMAGERY 580 Francis P. Osgood Winter Fairyland in Vermont IMAGERY 582 Amy Lowell Night Clouds IMAGERY 586 Theodore Roethke The Bat IMAGERY 590 Randall Jarrell Bats IMAGERY 591 Lawrence Ferlinghetti Wildlife Cameo, Early Morn SHAPE 598 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Paul Revere s Ride SOUND 604 Robert Service Courage SOUND 612 The Cremation of Sam McGee SOUND 614 x
John Updike Player Piano SOUND 622 Elinor Wylie Pretty Words SOUND 626 Robert Francis Blue Cornucopia SOUND 630 Seamus Heaney Digging MEANING 636 Andrew Hudgins Childhood of the Ancients MEANING 640 Diane Glancy Without Title MEANING 644 FORMS OF POETRY Alfred Noyes The Highwayman NARRATIVE 651 Julia Cunningham A short long story NARRATIVE 657 Emily Dickinson There is no frigate like a book LYRIC 663 He ate and drank the precious words LYRIC 664 The Brain is wider than the Sky LYRIC 664 Li-Young Lee I Ask My Mother to Sing LYRIC 668 Pablo Neruda Ode to My Socks TRANSLATED VERSE 674 translated by Robert Bly Oda a los calcetines 676 Pablo Neruda Childhood and Poetry ESSAY 678 Active Voice 595 Correcting Passive Sentences 595 Passive Voice 595 Identifying Parts of Speech 601 Sentence Fragments 601 Negatives 609 Using I and Me 619 Combining and Expanding Sentences 648 Correcting Wordy Sentences 660 Hyphens and Dashes 671 Proper Nouns and Adjectives 671 Complex Sentences 683 Compound Sentences 683 Compound-Complex Sentences 683 Parenthetical Expressions 633 Simple Sentences 683 FOR YOUR READING LIST 681 GUIDED WRITING 682 INFORMATIVE WRITING: Comparing and Contrasting Poems LANGUAGE, : Sentence Variety UNIT REVIEW 689 REFLECTING ON YOUR READING 690 Bat Mola. Cuna artist. xi
UNIT 10 Turning Words Into Action: Drama 692 ELEMENTS OF DRAMA 694 INSIGHTS: GETTING INTO DRAMA Spotlight on Teen Playwright Nathan D. T. Kitada INFORMATIONAL TEXT 695 Nathan D. T. Kitada from Fighting the Enemy PLAY 696 Frances Goodrich and The Diary of Anne Frank PLAY 703 Albert Hackett FOR YOUR READING LIST 765 Commas in Dialogue 770 UNIT 11 GUIDED WRITING 766 IMAGINATIVE/EXPRESSIVE WRITING: Constructing a Skit or Play LANGUAGE, : Using Commas Properly UNIT REVIEW 772 REFLECTING ON YOUR READING 773 Telling It As It Is: Nonfiction Winter Scene with Skaters, c.1600, Pieter Brueghel the Younger. ELEMENTS OF NONFICTION 776 Theodora Kroeber from Ishi in Two Worlds, a Biography of the Last Wild Indian in North America BIOGRAPHY 778 Robert Fri Yana People to Receive Ishi s Brain NEWSPAPER ARTICLE 784 Chief Ten Bears Do not ask us to give up the buffalo for the sheep SPEECH 790 Valerie Jablow A Tale of Two Rocks SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE 796 Geologic Time Chart VISUAL MEDIA 802 Alan Rabinowitz Chac from Jaguar DOCUMENTARY 807 Paul Rogat Loeb from Soul of a Citizen: Living with Conviction in a Cynical Time PERSONAL ESSAY 818 FOR YOUR READING LIST 828 xii
Using Context Clues 787 Correcting Sentences Run-ons 794 Correcting Wordy Sentences 832 GUIDED WRITING 829 INFORMATIVE WRITING: Assembling a Scientific Report LANGUAGE, : Correcting Wordy Sentences UNIT REVIEW 834 REFLECTING ON YOUR READING 835 UNIT 12 Reading Between the Lines: Informational and Visual Media ELEMENTS OF INFORMATIONAL AND VISUAL MEDIA 838 G. K. Warren Map of the Territory of the United States from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean MAP 842 Lansford W. Hastings from The Emigrants Guide to Oregon and California TRAVEL GUIDE 843 Dorothy M. Johnson Too Soon a Woman SHORT STORY 849 Kjetil Kjernsmo How to Use a Compass HOW-TO WRITING 855 David LaRochelle Orienteering: The Thinking Sport ESSAY 858 Kevin Kelly Manners Matter INTERVIEW 862 Pacific Gem Cruise Line ADVERTISEMENT 870 Peggy Thomson with Barbara Moore Death and the Miser from The Nine-Ton Cat: Behind the Scenes at an Art Museum ART INTERPRETATION 874 INSIGHTS: THE CURATOR INFORMATIONAL TEXT 876 INSIGHTS: GETTING INTO VISUAL MEDIA Robert DesJarlait The Language of Hope Mural Project PERSONAL ESSAY 879 FOR YOUR READING LIST 883 Understanding Unfamiliar Words 853 Reviewing Parts of the Sentence 878 Common Usage Problems 886 GUIDED WRITING 884 PERSUASIVE WRITING: Producing an Advertisement LANGUAGE, : Common Usage Problems UNIT REVIEW 890 REFLECTING ON YOUR READING 890 xiii
PART THREE Language Arts Survey A Handbook of Essential Skills 1 READING Introduction to Reading 894 Reading for Experience 894 Reading to Learn 896 Reading for Information 898 Developing Your Vocabulary 899 2 WRITING Introduction to Writing 902 Understanding the Writing Process 902 Gathering Ideas 905 Organizing Ideas 909 3 LANGUAGE, Language Handbook 920 Grammar Handbook 922 Subjects and Verbs: Challenging Constructions 927 Writer s Workshop: Building Effective Sentences 929 Editing for Grammar and Usage Errors 931 Parts of Speech Summary 935 Style Handbook 943 4 SPEAKING AND LISTENING The Power of Communication 950 Listening Skills 951 Communicating with Others 953 Communication Styles and Cultural Barriers 955 Public Speaking 956 5 STUDY AND RESEARCH Thinking Skills 960 Study Skills 964 Research Skills 965 Test-Taking Skills 973 6 APPLIED ENGLISH The Importance of Applied English 975 HANDBOOK OF LITERARY TERMS 982 GLOSSARY OF WORDS FOR EVERYDAY USE 994 INDEX OF TITLES AND AUTHORS 1000 INDEX OF SKILLS 1002 INDEX OF FINE ART & INTERNET SITES 1004 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1005 xiv