Selection of PPE Practical experience of different arc assessment methods and their comparison Dr.-Ing. Thomas Jordan Markus Kauschke Slide 1 ICOLIM 2017 Selection of Arc Flash PPE
BSD Electrical Safety specialist in Europe Manufacturer of LW tools and Arc Flash PPE Live Working Training Center Electrical Testing for LW tools and PPE Consulting for Arc Flash Risk assessment and LW Slide 2 ICOLIM 2017 Selection of Arc Flash PPE
Agenda Introduction Arc Flash Risk Assessment Arc Flash Calculation methods NFPA 70 E IEEE 1584 DGUV I 203-077 Comparison of IEEE 1584 and DGUV I 203-077 Necessary technical data Examples for selected PPE Slide 3 ICOLIM 2017 Selection of Arc Flash PPE
Arc Flash Risk Assessment What is Arc Flash? Electrical hazard Severe health effects on human being Burns Death Triggered by Equipment defects Defect of tools Lack of distance to live parts Lack of insulating blankets Errors by switch off equipment (5 safety rules) Slide 4 ICOLIM 2017 Selection of Arc Flash PPE
Arc Flash Risk Assessment Why you have to conduct arc flash risk assessment / consider arc flash faults for electrical work places? 1. Legal recommendations National OSHA rules EN 50110-1 in Europe PPE Directive in Europe 2. Practical issues A lot of PPE on the market with different arc protection levels To select appropriate PPE for the employees and not worstcase PPE with highest protection level (ergonomic aspects) Slide 5 ICOLIM 2017 Selection of Arc Flash PPE
Arc Flash Risk Assessment What is Arc Flash PPE? Hand Protection Non-insulating gloves Insulating gloves Face protection Face shields Hoods Body protection Jacket Trousers Shirts Coat BIB overalls Daily workwear Switching kits Slide 6 ICOLIM 2017 Selection of Arc Flash PPE
Arc Flash Calculation Methods US approach German Approach Open Arc Test (IEC 61482-1-1, ASTM 1959) Box-Test (IEC 61482-1-2) ATPV / EBT (cal/cm²) Arc Protection Class NFPA 70 E IEEE 1584 DGUV I 203-077 Tables without calculation Calculation of Incident Energy E i Calculation of Arc Energy W LB Various software tools BSD arc calculator software Slide 7 ICOLIM 2017 Selection of Arc Flash PPE
Arc Flash Calculation Methods IEEE 1584 (since 2002) DGUV I 203-077 (since 2012) Scope Voltage level: Fault currents: 208 V 15 kv 0,7 ka 106 ka U n > 50 V no restrictions Necessary Data Voltage Level Bolted fault current Conductor gap Device clearing time Equipment geometry Working distance Kind of neutral earthing Voltage Level Bolted fault current Conductor gap Device clearing time Equipment geometry Working distance R/X ratio Slide 8 ICOLIM 2017 Selection of Arc Flash PPE
Arc Flash Calculation Methods IEEE 1584 (since 2002) DGUV I 203-077 (since 2012) Results ATPV in cal/cm² No limitations (by calculation) Arc Protection Classes Only Class 1 and Class 2 Main differences Different distance factors for different geometries Maximum arc flash duration 2 seconds Calculation of arc current Proposed working distances e.g. LV 460 610 mm Fix relation between incident energy and distance Maximum arc flash duration 1 second Calculation of arc current Proposed working distances e.g. LV 300 mm Slide 9 ICOLIM 2017 Selection of Arc Flash PPE
Arc Flash Calculation Methods Sample results No. Voltage (kv) Working distance (cm) I k3 (ka) t k (ms) DGUV W LB (kj) Arc Prot. Class t k (ms) IEEE ATPV (cal/cm²) 1 20 a 82,5 16 4 173 Class1 4 < 1,2 2 0,4 30 39,2 1000 8272 > Class 2 1000 120 3 0,4 30 39,2 30 284 Class1 30 3,6 4 0,4 30 22,7 4 17 Class1 18 < 1,2 5 0,4 30 16,5 111 347 Class2 98 3,1 6 20 a 82,5 15,7 4 170 Class1 4 < 1,2 7 0,4 30 11,9 7 18,1 Class1 88 2,4 8 0,4 30 53,9 526 5983 > Class 2 1000 154 a the scope of IEEE was extended to voltage level of 20 kv Slide 10 ICOLIM 2017 Selection of Arc Flash PPE
Conclusion Arc flash risk assessment is today a mandatory part of each risk assessment for electrical workplaces Due to wide range of PPE and wide range of protection levels it is necessary to select right PPE with adequate (ergonomic) protection level The arc flash calculation method has to be selected according to the arc rating standard of the purchased PPE ATPV-rating (e.g. IEC 61482-1-1, ASTM 1959) IEEE 1584 Box-Test Arc Protection Class (e.g. IEC 61482-1-2) DGUV I 203-077 Both methods have same intention but slightly different results The use of software tools is recommendable Slide 11 ICOLIM 2017 Selection of Arc Flash PPE
Thank you! BSD GmbH, Dresden, Germany Dr.-Ing. Thomas Jordan t.jordan@bsd-dresden.de BSD GmbH, Dresden, Germany Slide 12 ICOLIM 2017 Selection of Arc Flash PPE