Cisco PONC 2015 Pavan Voruganti Senior Product Manager March 2015
Bandwidth Explosion With a progressive uptake of video, IP, audio and cloud the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of IP traffic is above 30% per year Global IP traffic has increased five fold over the past 5 years and will increase three fold over the next 5 years Source : : Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Methodology, 2012-2017. Cisco. 2013. How Cloud, Mobile and Video Will Increase Enterprise Bandwidth Needs through 2017. Gartner. 2013. Extracting Value from Chaos. IDC. 2011
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Optics CAPEX shifting 10G 40G 100G TDM & Packet Switching & Routing DWDM Commons DWDM Optics
Bridging the Gap DSP ROADM Si Photonics 100G and beyond Adaptive rate and high performance Complete Flexibility No Manual intervention and massive scale Unprecedented Scale through use of CMOS Photonics
DSP Innovations
100G and Beyond nlight Silicon Innovation A Track Record of Silicon Innovation Increasing capacity Saving on cost, space and power! 200+ Gig 40 Gig 100 Gig Fully Integrated ASIC Software Selectable Modulation Soft-Decision FEC Transmit Wave Shaping
Software Selectable modulation Solid lines SMF, Dashed ELEAF, no Raman 90 km and 25 db per span Symbol-rate 27.75 Gbaud BER 4E-3
Soft Decision FEC Enhancing Performance is key as we push new modulation schemes to their reach limits and attempt to eliminate regenerators in networks. 2-3dB performance enhancement Hard Decision (HD) Single bit Decisions : Yes or No One or Zero Iterative decoding Crossword Puzzle metaphor. Firmly knowing a column word allows to correct a wild guess for a row word Soft Decision (SD) Probability decisions : Very likely, likely,...undecided,... very unlikely Log Likelihood Ratios (LLRs) Turbo decoding Multiple decoders ( or observers ) exchange information to enhance result
Next Generation DSP Ultra low power SD-FEC 64QAM FlexMod FlexRate Client Monitor (100GE, OUT-4, GFEC) Interworking Dual Channel
Reach (km) FlexMod Different Modulationformats give different reach Current generation chipset provides already SW configurable Capacity versus Reach. FlexMod will bridge the gaps 10000 1000 100 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 BPSK Spectral efficiency (bit/s/hz) QPSK 16QAM 32Gbaud 53Gbaud 64QAM 0 10 20 30 40 C-band capacity (Tbit/s)
FlexMod : What is it? BPSK QPSK 8-QAM 16-QAM 64-QAM Bits/ Symbol (2 pol.) 2 4 6 8 12 Capacity @32Gbaud 50G 100G 150G 200G 300G Spectral bandwidth is the same. Each modulation format gives a certain spectral efficiency. Capacity and reach changes
Time domain Interleaving Relative capacity to QPSK Reach Reach BPSK BPSK BPSK BPSK BPSK BPSK BPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK 0.5 1.0 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 2.0 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 3.0 time
time Time domain Interleaving BPSK BPSK BPSK BPSK BPSK BPSK BPSK BPSK QPSK BPSK QPSK BPSK QPSK BPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK 16QAM QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK 16QAM QPSK 16QAM QPSK 16QAM QPSK 16QAM 16QAM QPSK 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM QPSK 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM Relative capacity to QPSK 0.5 0.75 1.0 1.25 1.5 1.75 2.0 Reach 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 64QAM 16QAM 64QAM 64QAM 16QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 16QAM 2.25 2.5 2.75 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 3.0
Flex ROADM
The nlight ROADM Paradigm Shift Touchless Operation Complete Control in Software; No Physical Intervention Required Omni-Directional ROADM ports are not direction-specific (re-route does not require fiber move) Flex Spectrum Ability to provision the amount of spectrum allocated to wavelength(s), allowing for 400 Gb and 1T channels. Colorless ROADM ports are not frequency-specific (re-tuned laser does not require fiber move) Contentionless - Same frequency can be added/dropped from multiple ports on same device. Foundation for Multi-Layer Network Programmability
Flex Spectrum DWDM Architecture DSP-Enabled Transmitters FlexSpectrum Today s 50GHz DWDM Grid System system TX1 TX2 TX3 TX4 Flex Spectrum ROADM Optical multiplexer Signal Shaping Denser Channel Spacing Ch1 Ch2 Ch3 Ch4 50GHz 50GHz 50GHz
nlight ROADM Flex Spectrum 50 GHz ITU Grid Flex Spectrum Rigid spacing Wasted spectrum Optimizing bandwidth instead of distance Superchannel with tightly spaced sub-carriers Efficient spectrum use Graceful growth to terabit and greater superchannels Lighting the way to flexible, dynamic packet-to-wavelength mapping
CMOS Photonics
Moore s Law - review Smaller transistors every 18-24 months 2x density cheaper Not really 2x (half-steps ) Skyrocketing costs Faster switching Fast silicon surrounded by not-so-fast physics Lower operating voltages Voltage scaling has nearly stopped (~0.85V) Lower power Higher leakage Traditional 2x scaling 90nm Power vs. 65nm performance 45nm tradeoff 32nm 22nm 14nm 10nm 40nm 28nm 16nm 12nm CSCO today
Power/Space Opportunity Integration has lagged in optical technology Dissimilar materials Dissimilar environmentals Dissimilar economies of scale (vs. CMOS) Optics Silicon Photonics Silicon Time
CFP 1 st -gen 100G-LR4 CPAK module: 70% less power 70% smaller Significant cost savings Broad usage across Cisco CPAK Significantly lower size/power enables larger face plate density Enabled industry s 1 st 1 Tb/s line card on NCS 6K platform!
CPAK : 100G Transceiver Innovation Breaking Through the Capacity Brick Wall Industry s first CMOS Photonics Solution CMOS Photonics Light processing in Silicon! 70% size reduction, 70% power reduction NEW IEEE Standards based OTU4 compliant, SR10, LR4, ER4 variants 10 CPAKs = 1 Terabit 1 Terabit for < 60W CPAK CPAK is the smallest 100G form-factor capable of supporting the full range of IEEE reaches available. CFP Comparison:
Current 100Gb Coherent Optical Module Tx itla Rx
Technology options for DP-QPSK modulator LN (OIF) Package dimension: 102mm X 13.5mm X 7mm Scaling down InP Package dimension: ~35mm X 15mm X 7mm By factor 4 SiP Modulator + Driver Package dimension: 14.4mm X 11.5mm X 6.6mm By factor 10 Efficient integration of optics and electronics Power dissipation reduction
Cisco 100G Coherent Evolution Current solution : LN modulator and driver Simple assembly process Small Form Factor SiP modulator with integrated driver Power dissipation reduction Cost reduction
Reducing Space/Power/Cost of Coherent 100Gb Optics Tx ITLA Rx
optics shortest optics optics optics longest Potential System Applications of SiPh Locations where we would consider introducing Silicon Photonics into a system leveraging Advanced optical packing platforms Elec Opt. 1. Embedded client optics: NPU ASIC Fabric ASIC 2. Backplane / Intra-system: NPU ASIC Fabric ASIC NPU ASIC 3. Chip-to-chip local I/O bottleneck: NPU ASIC NPU ASIC NPU Fabric ASIC