5G NR Update and UE Validation Sr. Project Manager/ Keysight JianHua Wu
3GPP Status Update 2
5G Scenarios and Use Cases B R O A D R A N G E O F N E W S E R V I C E S A N D PA R A D I G M S Amazingly fast Great service In a crowd Best experience follows you Real-time & reliable communications Ubiquitous things communicating embb Mobile Broadband Access mmtc Massive Machine Communication UR/LL Mission-Critical Machine Communication IoT all data, all the time 2 billion people on social media 30 billion things connected low cost, low energy ultra high-reliability ultra-low latency courtesy of METIS: 2014 3
3GPP 5G NR Roadmap S O U R C E : 3 G P P 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Rel-15 Early Drop Additional Early Drop milestone (Dec 17) added to support emerging market needs Rel-16 Release 15 (aka Phase 1, by June 18) will aim at enabling a first phase of expected deployment in 2020 Release 16 (aka Phase 2, by Dec 19) Phase 1 Deployment Phase 2 Deployment Late Drop Additional Late Drop milestone (Rel-15 freeze + 6 months) Early Phase 1 Deployment 4
Why mmwave? 5
embb 10-20 Gbps peak 100 Mbps whenever needed 10000x more traffic Macro and small cells Support for high mobility (500 km/h) Network energy saving by 100 times 6
LTE/LTE-A/LTE-A Pro D ATA T H R O U G H P U T E N H A N C E M E N T I N LT E BW: 20M MIMO: 4*4 MIMO Modulation: 64QAM DL / 16QAM UL BW: carrier aggregation MIMO: 8*8 MIMO Modulation: 256QAM DL / 64QAM UL BW Unlicensed band LAA LWA LWIP R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 7
Frequency Range F R 1 A N D F R 2 Ref: 3gpp 38.121-1 8
NR Band FR1 n1 1 I NR LTE WCDMA 65 to 256 is reserved for new LTE and new NR bands in FR1 Ref : 3gpp 38.817-01 9
NR Band FR2 257 to 512 is reserved for new NR bands in FR2. For FR2, the table will only contain unpaired frequency ranges, assuming that there will be no FDD operation Ref : 3gpp 38.817-01 10
mmwave Frequencies Challenge P R O PA G AT I O N C O N D I T I O N S Tx Rx R Antenna A Antenna B The relation between the transmitted power in A and the received power in B is given by the Friis Transmission Formula: Can be used to increase P rx (limited) Propagation losses Can be used to increase P rx 11
NR Network Architecture 12
5G Architecture Options Standalone EPC 5GC Control plane User Plane enodeb gnb / ng-enb 13
Master Node Secondary Node Intra-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (DC) >> 3gpp 36.300 Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) >> 3gpp 37.340 Carrier Aggregation Dual Connectivity 14
Option 3 EUTRAN (master) + NR (second) EPC Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) enodeb en-gnb Ref: 3GPP 37.340 15
Option 7 NGEN-DC 5GC enodeb gnb Ref: 3GPP 37.340 16
Option 4 NE-DC 5GC enodeb gnb Ref: 3GPP 37.340 17
5G Architecture Options Standalone 5GC gnb / FR1 gnb / FR2 18
New RAN Architecture Options S O U R C E : 3 G P P EPC EPC NGC S1-C S1-U S1-C S1-U S1-U NG-C NG-U LTE enb Xx gnb LTE enb Xx gnb gnb NGC NGC EPC NG-C NG-U NG-C NG-U NG-U NG-C NG-U LTE enb Xn gnb LTE enb Xn gnb LTE enb NGC NGC NG-C NG-U NG-U NG-C NG-U LTE enb gnb LTE enb gnb Xn Xn Release 15 Early Drop (December 2017) Option 3 - NR Non Stand-Alone (NSA) with 4G Core Network (EPC) Release 15 (June 2018) Option 2 / 5 - NR Stand-Alone (SA) Release 15 late drop (December 2018) Option 4 / 7 - NR Non Stand-Alone (NSA) NR(FR1)-NR(FR2) CA is considered (pending final approval at 19 RAN#80) Ref:3GPP RAN#79 summary
MR-DC Frequency Notation Ref : 3gpp 38.817-01 LTE CA band1 +band 2 EPC NR CA N77+N78 enodeb En-gNB 20
MIMO and Beamforming 21
Multi-antenna transmissions MIMO multi-layer Transmission for higher data rates Transmit diversity for improved Receiver quality Beam-forming to increase receive power and SNR 22
Why Beamforming? Tx Rx R Antenna A Antenna B 23
Antenna Patterns vs. Number of Elements 24
Massive MIMO Free Space UE1 UE2 Keysight Keysight UE3 UE4 Keysight Keysight 25
Why Array Antenna? C U S T O M E R P R O B L E M mmw Benefit Broad bandwidth Uncluttered spectrum at low/no cost High directivity High resolution Small antenna size Array Antenna Benefit High gain More High directivity Compact integrated mmwave SoC Massive MIMO/Beamforming Beam-forming to increase receive power and SNR 26
NR MIMO < 6 GHz > 6 GHz (mm-wave) Deployment Scenario MIMO Macro cells High user mobility MIMO Order Up to 8x8 - spatial multiplexing No Array Antenna Small cells Low user mobility MIMO Order Typically 2x2 - spatial multiplexing Array Antenna Beamforming to increase receive power and SNR Main Benefit Spatial multiplexing Beamforming for single user Number of Simultaneous Users Tens of users Large coverage area A few users Small coverage area Channel Characteristics Rich multipath propagation A few propagation paths Spectral Efficiency High due to the spatial multiplexing Low spectral efficiency (few users, high path loss) 27
Channel Bandwidth 28
Each PRB consists of 12 subcarriers min,μ µ Δf N RB max,μ N RB 0 15 khz 20 (240 subcarriers) 275 (3300 subcarriers, 49.5 MHz) 1 30 khz 20 275 (3300 subcarriers, 99 MHz) 2 60 khz 20 275 (3300 subcarriers, 198 MHz) 3 120 khz 20 275 (3300 subcarriers, 396 MHz) 4 240 khz 20 138 Data < 6 GHz Data > 6 GHz 29
Channel bandwidth UE transmission bandwidth The subcarrier spacing can be ordered to change (e.g. to allow different services). BS Channel bandwidth UE Channel bandwidth UE Bandwidth part the width can be ordered to change (e.g. to shrink during period of low activity to save power) the location can move in the frequency domain (e.g. to increase scheduling flexibility ) Ref: 3gpp 38.211 30
3 G P P T S 3 8 S E R I E S S TA N D A R D Up to 4 bandwidth part configurations for each component carrier can be semi-statically signaled to a UE Only one BWP in DL and one in UL is active at a given time instant Configuration parameters include: Numerology: CP type, subcarrier spacing Frequency location: the offset between BWP and a reference point is implicitly or explicitly indicated to UE based on common PRB index for a give numerology Bandwidth size: in terms of PRBs CORESET: required for each BWP configuration in case of single active DL bandwidth part for a given time instant Ref : 3GPP TR 38.802 V14.2.0 31
B A N D W I D T H PA R T S PCell BWP RRC-layer config BWP switch by DCI BWP switch by DCI BWP # 1 BWP # 1 BWP config for PCell BWP # 1 BWP # 2 Init ial BWP SSB BWP # 2 BWP config for SCell SCell BWP # 1 BWP # 2 BWP # 2 BWP # 1 BWP # 1 Scell Activation BWP switch by DCI BWP switch by DCI CONNECTED Initial Access Single Activated Cell Multiple Activated Cells 32
Ref : 3GPP TS 38.211 V15.0.0 4.4 Physical resources C R B / P R B CRB274 Carrier BW PRB N PRB1 PRB0 Point A Subcarrier 0 in CRB 0 CRB1 CRB0 33
Dynamic TDD 34
Fixed size Fixed size Size depends on µ W AV E F O R M, N U M E R O L O G Y A N D F R A M E S T R U C T U R E SF# 0 1 ms Slot #0 SF# 1 1 ms SF# 2 1 ms Radio Frame Duration: 10 ms SF# 3 1 ms SF# 4 1 ms SF# 5 1 ms SF# 6 1 ms SF# 7 1 ms SF# 8 1 ms SF# 9 1 ms Slot # 2 µ -1 slot µ N symb 0 15 khz 1 30 khz 2 60 khz (normal CP) 3 120 khz 4 240 khz subframe,μ N slot frame,μ Nslot Slot duration 14 1 10 1 ms 14 2 20 500 µs 14 4 40 250 µs 14 8 80 125 µs 14 16 160 62.5 µs A slot is one possible scheduling unit. Mini-Slot is a minimum scheduling unit with 7, 4 or 2 OFDM symbols Ref : 3GPP TS 38.211 4.3 35
TS 3 8. 2 1 1 TA B L E 4. 3. 2-3 : S L O T F O R M AT S D: Downlink symbol U: Uplink symbol X: Flexible symbol Format Symbol number in a slot 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 0 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 1 U U U U U U U U U U U U U U 2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 3 D D D D D D D D D D D D D X 4 D D D D D D D D D D D D X X 5 D D D D D D D D D D D X X X 6 D D D D D D D D D D X X X X 7 D D D D D D D D D X X X X X 8 X X X X X X X X X X X X X U 9 X X X X X X X X X X X X U U 10 X U U U U U U U U U U U U U 11 X X U U U U U U U U U U U U 12 X X X U U U U U U U U U U U 13 X X X X U U U U U U U U U U 14 X X X X X U U U U U U U U U 15 X X X X X X U U U U U U U U 16 D X X X X X X X X X X X X X 17 D D X X X X X X X X X X X X 18 D D D X X X X X X X X X X X 19 D X X X X X X X X X X X X U 20 D D X X X X X X X X X X X U 21 D D D X X X X X X X X X X U 22 D X X X X X X X X X X X U U 23 D D X X X X X X X X X X U U 24 D D D X X X X X X X X X U U 25 D X X X X X X X X X X U U U 26 D D X X X X X X X X X U U U 27 D D D X X X X X X X X U U U 28 D D D D D D D D D D D D X U 29 D D D D D D D D D D D X X U 30 D D D D D D D D D D X X X U 31 D D D D D D D D D D D X U U 32 D D D D D D D D D D X X U U 33 D D D D D D D D D X X X U U 34 D X U U U U U U U U U U U U 35 D D X U U U U U U U U U U U 36 D D D X U U U U U U U U U U 37 D X X U U U U U U U U U U U 38 D D X X U U U U U U U U U U 39 D D D X X U U U U U U U U U 40 D X X X U U U U U U U U U U 41 D D X X X U U U U U U U U U 42 D D D X X X U U U U U U U U 43 D D D D D D D D D X X X X U 44 D D D D D D X X X X X X U U 45 D D D D D D X X U U U U U U 46 D D D D D D X D D D D D D X 47 D D D D D X X D D D D D X X 48 D D X X X X X D D X X X X X 49 D X X X X X X D X X X X X X 50 X U U U U U U X U U U U U U 51 X X U U U U U X X U U U U U 52 X X X U U U U X X X U U U U 53 X X X X U U U X X X X U U U 54 D D D D D X U D D D D D X U 55 D D X U U U U D D X U U U U 56 D X U U U U U D X U U U U U 57 D D D D X X U D D D D X X U 58 D D X X U U U D D X X U U U 59 D X X U U U U D X X U U U U 60 D X X X X X U D X X X X X U 61 D D X X X X U D D X X X X U 62 255 Reserved Ref : 3GPP TS 38.211 Table 4.3.2-3 36
Slot Format Indication informs the UE whether an OFDM symbol is Downlink, Uplink or Flexible SFI can indicate link direction over one or many slots (configured through RRC) The SFI carries an index to a pre-configured UE-specific table (configured through RRC) SFI can be either: Dynamic (i.e. through a DCI) UE assumes there is no conflict between dynamic SFI and DCI DL/UL assignments Static or semi-static (i.e. through RRC) 37
PDSCH K1 HARQ ACK/NACK N N+1 N+2 N+3 N+4 N+5 N+6 N+7 N+8 Ref: 3gpp 38.213 38
Max Throughput Calculation 39
38.214 Clause 5.1.3 Table 5.1.3.1-1 38.214 Clause 5.1.3 Table 5.1.3.1-2 40
min,μ µ Δf N RB 0 15 khz 20 (240 subcarriers) 1 30 khz 20 max,μ N RB 275 (3300 subcarriers, 49.5 MHz) 275 (3300 subcarriers, 99 MHz) 2 60 khz 20 275 (3300 subcarriers, 198 MHz) 3 120 khz 20 275 (3300 subcarriers, 396 MHz) 4 240 khz 20 138 µ = 3, SCS120k >> 400 M BW >> 275RB, 3300 subcarriers 41
The number of layers =2 The modulation order = 8 Total bits per symbol time >>3300* 2*8 =52800 bits / symbol time 42
Total bits per symbol time throughput µ=3, symbol time = 125us/14 >>3300* 2*8 bits *14/125us >>3300* 2*8 =52800 bits / symbol time slot µ N symb 0 15 khz 1 30 khz 2 60 khz (normal CP) 2 60 khz (extended CP) 3 120 khz 4 240 khz subframe,μ N slot frame,μ Nslot Slot duration 14 1 10 1 ms 14 2 20 500 µs 14 4 40 250 µs 12 4 40 250 µs 14 8 80 125 µs 43 14 16 160 62.5 µs
Throughput >>3300* 2*8 bits *14/125us scaling factor can at least take the values 1 and 0.75. Max. Coding rate = 948/1024 Throughput >>3300* 2*8 bits *14/125us *948/1024 * (1-0.18) * 0.75 =3.367gbps 44
Keysight Solution 45
P O R T F O L I O 5G Interactive R&D 5G Device Acceptance Protocol R&D* RF DVT* Functional KPI Protocol Conformance RF/ RRM Conformance Carrier Acceptance *available Network Emulator Channel Emulator mmwave OTA Solutions Interactive 5G stack and tools with common scripting engine Common measurement science, logging and automation 46
5 G P R O T O C O L R&D T O O L S E T - Allow dynamic L1/L2 parameters changes without the need for programming - Very useful in early development testing of prototypes 47
5 G P R O T O C O L R&D T O O L S E T - Displays all layers of the protocol stack (PHY/MAC/RLC/RRC/PDCP) - Filtering allows the user to view the data of interest - Advanced search facilities and bookmarks make debugging easier - User friendly as all information needed is available in one view 48
5 G P R O T O C O L R & D T O O L S E T - Customised view with multiple graphs - Enhanced debugging as relationship between various KPIs such as data rate and BLER can easily be seen graphically - Link from graph to relevant location in the log to facilitate debugging - Report generation to share results with other teams 49
K E Y F E AT U R E S - 5G NR support - RF Test Application - Automation & Scripting - Pre-conformance ready - Traceability to conformance 50
5 G R F D V T T O O L S E T Flexible manual testing On-a-call UL RF measurements Common Keysight measurement science through X-Apps Automate test set up Keysight 5G Interactive tools 51