Contents Page 3 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 INTRODUCTION POTENTIAL SILVER RECOVERABLE FROM PROCESSING SOLUTIONS AND SCRAP PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS Amateur and Professional Color Films Amateur and Professional Black-and-white Films Professional and Photofinishing Papers Motion Picture Film-Color Products Motion Picture Film-Black-and-white Products Graphic Arts Films Graphic Arts Papers KODAK PMT@ Products Phototypesetting Films and Papers Reprographic Products strumentation Products Micrographic Films Micrographic Thermally Silver Film and Paper Radiography Films and Papers Black-and-white Aerial Films Color Aerial Films AREA OF COMMON FILM AND PAPER SIZES Disc and Roll Films Sheet and Bulk Film and Papers Mi I I imetre Rol I Sizes (Unperforated) Perforations-Percentage of Surface Area SILVER LOST IN PRESPLICING FILMS KODAK INFORMATION FOR A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT PUBLICATIONS OEastman Kodak Company, 191 2
i) (3 troduction Silver can be recovered from used fixing baths, certain stop baths, bleach-fix baths, and some stabilizers. Silver is also recoverable from processed blackand-white materials, such as unwanted negatives, prints, motion picture films, radiographs (x-ray films), microfilms, and the like, as well as from unprocessed sensitized material of almost any kind. Note that processed color negatives, transparencies, and prints do not contain silver. About the Data The tables of estimated recoverable silver in this publication are intended to provide a basis for making useful estimates of the amount of silver that can be recovered from silver-containing photographic processing solutions, scrap sensitized photographic materials, and unwanted processed black-and-white films and papers. Since these data apply only to Kodak products, other manufacturers of sensitized goods should be consulted about the silver yield obtainable from their materials. Because of the variety of photographic products included under each heading in the tables, the values for estimated recoverable silver should not be considered representative of a particular product. Silver Recovery from Processing Solutions The data presented in the tables are based on a given set of conditions that represent a typical use of Kodak products. The value given is intended to show the average amount of silver that may be recovered under recommended processing conditions. This information does not reflect all the variables that can affect the amount of silver recoverable from a processing solution. Such variables include the type of film or paper being processed, the level of exposure, the method of processing, the equipment employed, the degree of exhaustion of the solution, as well as the efficiency of the silver recovery installation. Significant variations in any of these factors in any particular situation can result in silver values that are outside the figures given in the tables. A silver recovery program that is very carefully managed may produce silver yields in excess of those shown in this publication. The values given are based on a silver recovery system that is 5 percent efficient and may be considered as a reasonable recovery objective. Some silver is lost by carry-over into the wash water and can be recovered if it is considered economical or otherwise desirable to do so. A method of recovering silver from wash water is described in Kodak publication No. J-gA, Silver Recovery with the KODAK Chemical Recovery Cartridge, Type 3. Silver Recovery from and Material The numerical values for silver in the tables for processed and unprocessed material should not be considered representative of a particular product. Again, the data are based on a given set of conditions that represent those normally encountered and reflect a recovery efficiency of 5 percent. The value given reflects the conditions that might exist within an average mix of a given product type. However, they may not take into account the differences that occur between thick-and thin-base materials where both are available in the same category. Variations in the Silver Content of Sensitized Materials Another factor that may affect the silver recovery potential is changes in the chemical formulation of film and paper emulsions. Such manufacturing changes often entail alterations in the silver content of an emulsion, so the amount of silver available for recovery may be increased or decreased. Moreover, similar products by different manufacturers may vary in the amount of silver they contain. Other Useful Data Towards the end of this booklet are tables giving the area of common film and paper sizes in square feet and square metres per 1000 units. Use this information along with the values for potentially recoverable silver to calculate the estimated silver yield for your particular situation. Using the Tables The values for silver recoverable from solution are given as troy ounces per 1000 square feet processed. Values for silver recoverable from both unprocessed and processed scrap are given in terms of troy ounces per 1000 square feet and troy ounces per 100 pounds. Calculate the amount of potentially recoverable silver as follows: 1a.From solutions: Use the Area tables on pages 10 and 11 to determine the total square footage of film or paper processed through the solution being desilvered. 1b.From scrap: Use the Area tables to determine square footage of scrap, or weigh the scrap. 2. Multiply the figure in Step 1 by the value from the Quantity of Silver Potentially Recoverable tables on pages -9 for the product@) in question. 3. Divide the number in Step 2 by 1000. The result is the amount of silver potentially recoverable from that particular solution or scrap product. 3
~ 3. ~ Quantity of Silver Potentially Recoverable From Processing Solutions and Photographic Materials Amateur and Professional Color Films Negative Process C-1 KODACOLOR 11 VERICOLOR 11 KODACOLOR 00 KODACOLOR HR Disc Film KODACOLOR VR Disc Film KODACOLOR VR 200, 00, 1000 KODACOLOR VR 100 VERICOLOR III VERICOLOR Slidelprint Reversal Process K-1 Reversal Process E-6 Low Speed Medium Speed High Speed Duplicating DURATRANS Display 022 Amateur Movie Film EKTACHROME KODACHROME Solutions 16.9 20. 27. 2. 26.3 26. 1.7 2.. 15.2 12.2 12.1 1.9 12.1 9.5 1 loo0 sq It 16.9 20. 27. 2. 26.3 26. 1.7 2.. 15.2 12.2 12.1 1.9 12.1 9.5 1 3.1 52.3 62.6 6. 2.3 62.1 5.7 5 17.7 3.7 27.5 27. 1.5 22.9 3. 23. 36.2 Amateur and Professional Black-and-white Films Photofinishing Low Speed-IS0 32 Medium Speed-IS0 125 High Speed-IS0 320-00 Ultra-fast-IS0 1250 loo0 sq It unprocessed - Solutlons 5.2 10.5 5.2 30.7 1 3.7 7.3 3.7 23.3 11.7 5.2 10. 5.2 29. 1.9 7. 15.6 7. 21.7 13.2 26. 13.2 2.1 1.O Professional and Photofinishing Papers loo0 sq It Prints from Color Negatives DURAFLEX Print Material Prints from Color Transparencies Prints from Black-and-white Negatives- Photofinishing Developer-corporated* Conventional Professional Developer-corporated* Conventional-Rolls Conventional-Sheets Stabilization School Finisher I Unp;z:;sed Solutions -2.7-2.7 1.6 1.2 1.7 1.7 2.3 2.2-2.7-2.7 3.3 2. 3..0.6. ScraD 1.6 1.2 1.7 1.7 2.3 2.2 3.7-5.1 3.7-5.1 6. 6.7 6.7 9.6 11.0 13.0 7.0 3.2 3.3. 5.5 6.5 'For papers processed through a KODAK ROYALPRIM Processor, Model 17.
~ ~ Quantity of Silver Potentially Recoverable From Processing Solutions and Photographic Materials Negative and Print Films Negative Print termediate lnternegative Reversal Films KODACHROME EKTACHROME t3 Print intermediate lo00 sq fl - Solutions 21.o 21.o 5.1 5.0 5.0 12. (35 mm) 13.1 (16 mm).1.1 19.3 9.6 9.6 23.3 13.7 13.7 35.0 16.2 16.2 35.9 9. 9. 2 13.3 13.3 32.2 ' Reversal Motion Picture Film-Black-and-white Products p r Solutions Negative and Print Films Negative (camera) Negative (sound) Direct MP Print Print Films Medium Speed High Speed 9.2. 1.9.6 3. 5.9 Ounces Per loo0 sq fl 1.2 5.1 3. 9. 11. 9.2 0.2 1.9.6 3..6 16.3 9. 23. (35 mm) 23. (16 mm) 20.0 31.2 I 22.3 0..9 11.9 (35 mm) 11.7 (16 mm) 10.0 15.6 Graphic Arts Films Tro Solutlons Ounces Per loo0 High Contrast Graphic Arts Films Percent Exposure: 20% 50% ij 0% Continuous-Tone Films Used in Graphic Arts Applications Percent Exposure: 35% 65 %.0 5.0 10.1 5.5 10.0 10.0 10.0 15.6 15.6 5.0.0 5.5 10.1 30.5 30.5 30.5 2 2 6.1 (-mil) 15.3 (-mil) 2. (-mil) 9.5 (7-mil) 17.7 (7-mil) 5
Graphic Arts Papers Quantity of Silver Potentially Recoverable From Processing Solutions and Photographic Materials Projection Speed Percent Exposure: 20% 50 yo 0% Contact Speed Percent Exposure: 50% Solutions 2. 1.7 0.7 0.7 9.7 1.7 9.7 2. 9.7 1.9 (7-mil). (7-mil) 7. (7-mil) KODAK PMT@ and PMT@ Il Products Negative Paper Receiver Paper lo00 sq It Solutions * 2.9 1. 10.0 6.5 N/A 0.5 N/A 2.1 I RC Papers (10Y0 Exposure) SII Paper (10% Exposure) Stabilization Process Films (10% Exposure) loo0 sq fl Solutlons 2.7 3.0 0.3 1.0 1. 0.' 3.2 2. 13.2 9.0 1.5 16.1 1.6 59.0 5.9 (Thin Base) 'Silver is in the deactivator or stabilizer. There is no recoverable silver in the activator. Reprographic Products Wash-Off Fi I ms (positives) Projection Speed Contact Speed KODAGRAPH Films Positive Image PRECISION LINE Films Negative Image KODAGRAPH Papers TRANSTAR Papers (Opaque) TRANSTAR Materials (Translucent) Tro Solutlons 3.2' 5.6 3. 2. 1.9 Ounces Per loo0 6.7.1 7.1 9.1 3.6 3.1 Ifl *Silver cannot be recovered from solutions used to process wash-off films by conventional means. 1.3 0. 1.5 5.3 0.7 0.6 5.3 1 10.7 27.7 27. 25. 9.6 35.3 -~ 3. (-mil) 2.1 (-mil).3 (-mil) 15.9 (-mil) 5.2 1.9 26.0 1 1 6
~ Quantity of Silver Potentially Recoverable From Processing Solutions and Photographic Materials 19 tnstrumentation Products Black-and-white Films HighSpeed, Black-and-white Films Direct Print Papers EKTACHROME Films Photomicrography Color Film loo0 sq ff 100 ibs Solutions 5.7 11. 5.7 35.3 17.6 (-mil) 9.1 1.2 9.1 53.0 26.5 (-mil) N/A 5.0 5.0 25.1 25.1 (5mil) 16. 16. (-mil).2.2 23.7 1000 sq ff I I I in Unproc Thickness ssed 100 ibs Value Thickness Value B&W Camera All Speeds 2.7 5.31 25.3 11.1 9.5 2.7 11. 5.0 53/5.3 fj BbW Camera Med. Speed High Speed - B&W COM Negative Positive 2. 0.2.7 3.6. 5.0 5.0 1.6.7 0.2 53/5 5.31 15.6 13. 15.6 13. 1 : I 1. 53/5 12.7 0. 53/5 0.7 B&W Duplicating Positive Image Negative Image 1. 1.2 2.6 2.1 1.3 1.o 12.3.1. 12.3.1. 5.9 3.9 2.3 6.6.5.0 2.7 B&W Direct Duplicating Negative Image 1.9 2.3 17.9 10. 9.1 6.5.1.5.1 2.9 ' values determined by base thickness. 7
Quantity of Silver Potentially Recoverable from Processing Solutions and Photographic Materials 1000 sq R Solutions Thermally Silver Microfilm NIA Thermally Silver Paper NIA 1.1 1.1 11.6 11.6 10.1 10.1 Radiography Films and Papers Medical Film Rare Earth and Single Coated Film Blue-Sensitive Films Pre-193 manufacture Panoramic Dental Film traoral Dental Film dustrial Film Conventional X dustrial Paper Conventional Stabilization Cinefluorographic Films.0 10.5 1.5 * 35.2 29.3 2. 2.2 1.1 6.2 1000 Scrae I 1.5 19.0 26.0 16.7.9.9 1. 3.7 3.7 12.3 6.5.5 11.5.3t 13.7 19.6 16.6 1.5 2.6 6.2 23.0 29. 39. 32.3 9.5 7.1 66.6 11.2 33.1 11.5 1.7 1.9 16.21 26.5 31.3 26.6 2.9 7. 16.5 *Based upon a weighted sales average of KODAK Medical X-ray Films. This number can vary greatly based upon: 1. Silver coverage of film 2. Overall film density 3. Carry-over to wash water. 5 percent silver recovery efficiency tbased upon a weighted sales average of KOOAK Medical X-ray Films. This number can vary greatly based upon: 1. Silver coverage of film 2. Overall film density 3. Recovery efficiency of process Duplicating Negative frared Solutions 1 1 2.9 5.9 2.9 17..9 6.1 12.2 6.1 3. 19. 9.1 1.2 9.1 52.9 26. Color Aerial Films ~ frared Duplicating Reversal Negative I lo00 sq R So I u t i o n I 16.2 10.7 16.3 20. 16.2 10.7 16.3 20. 29.2.5 5.1
Area of Common Film and Paper Sizes Dlsc and Roll Films Film Size Disc 110-12 1 10-20 1 1 0-2 126-1 2 126-20 126-2 127 135-12 135-20 135-2 135-36 120 620 220 2 Net Square Feet per loo0 Units 26. 7.0 113 131 177 272 319 305 26* 32' 0* 619' 57 t 530t 1090 163 Approximate Square Metres per 1000 Units 2.5 7.30 10.6 12.2 16.5 25.3 29.6 2.0 2.9* 353 0.9* 573 50.t 9.2t 102 15.1 'The area includes the tongue. If the tongue is cut away and therefore not to be considered, then these areas will be as follows: 13512 13520 135-2 13536 29 363 20 592 23.1 33.7 39.0 55.0 tthese sizes are for color films only. Black-and-white film areas given below reflect their slightly shorter lengths: 120 Black-and-white 53 50.0 620 Black-and-white 522.5 I Sheet and Bulk Films and Papers ch-slze Sheets or Prints 2% X 3% 2% X 3% 3% X % 3% x 3% 3% X % 3% X 5 x5 % X 10 % x 17 5x7 7x 17 ax 10 10 x 12 11 x 1 1 x 17 16 x 20 1 x 2 20 x 2 30x0 3x I Net Square Feet per1000sheets 50. 60. 95.9 5.0 109. 121.5 1 39 313 531 23 26 556 33 1070 1650 2220 3000 3330 330 10,00 Approximate Square Metres per loo0 Sheets.70 5.70.90 7.90 10.2 11.3 12.9 29.0 9.2 22.6 76.9 51.6 77.5 99.0 15 206 279 310 77 965 9
ch-size Roils 3% 5 7 9% 10 11 16 20 2 30 36 0 2 50 Net Square Feet per 1OOO Units 292 333 17 53 667 792 33 91 7 1333 1667 2000 2500 3000 3330 3500 170 Approximate Square Metres per 1000 Units 27.1 30.9 3.7 5 6 73.6 77. 5.2 12 155 16 232 279 31 0 325 37 mm x 50 ft cartridge mm 16 mm 35 mm 6 mm 70 mm mm 105 mm Square FeeVl OOOCartrldges and per loo0 Linear Feet 1310 26.2 5 115 151 230 27 1 3 Square Metres 122 2.. 10.7 1.0 21.3 25.1 3 Perforations-Percentage Perforations of Film Area mm (regular) mm (super) 16 mm film perforated on both edges with regular pitch 16 mm perforated one edge (regular 16 mm) 35 mm perforated both edges 6 mm perforated one edge 70 mm perforated both edges 70 mm perforated one edge Percentage of Surface 7.6 3.10 3.2 1.91 6.66 3.33 1.67 Silver Lost in Presplicing Films Amount Cut Ofl Before Splicing (sq fvlo00 Units) Film Size Head Tail 110 126 135 Super Cartridge 13.12-21.27 (long tongue) 10.63 (short tongue) plus 9.57 (1 x 35 mm) 15.31.37 15.55 10.77 Amount Covered by Splicing Tape I2 in in in Note: To recover silver from the scraps cut from the films before splicing, place the scraps in a net bag and soak it in an ordinary fixer for twice the time it takes for the film to clear-a used fixer will do. Then, lift the bag from the fixer and allow it to drain thoroughly. Rinse the bag in water and discard the scraps. Silver can then be recovered from the fixer by conventional methods. 10