5G Mobile Communications

5G Mobile Communications Key Enabling Technologies and Recent R&D Results

Innovation of Mobile Communications 5G 2G 3G 4G BW 200 khz 1.25 MHz 5 MHz 20 MHz Legacy Bands + mmwave Bands Peak Data Rate 115.2 kbps 307.2 kbps 2.048 Mbps 150 Mbps Up to 20 Gbps RAT GSM CDMA WCDMA OFDMA Post-OFDMA NW Circuit Switched Network Packet Switched Network All-IP Network Software Defined Network

5G Service Vision Everything on Cloud Immersive Experience Ubiquitous Connectivity Tele-Presence Giga-bit data rate Ultra low latency Giga-bit data rate Ultra low latency Massive connectivity Ubiquitous coverage Giga-bit data rate Ultra low latency

5G Service Scenarios

5G Use Cases & Requirements Peak 20 Gbps Edge 100 Mbps embb enhanced Mobile-Broadband UR/LL Ultra-Reliable & Low Latency 10-9 Error-rate 1ms Latency mmtc massive Machine-Type Communications 10 6 Connections/km 2 10 year Battery-life ITU-R document 5D/TEMP/625

New Spectrum Opportunities Below 6 GHz and Above 6 GHz Spectrum Bands Considered for 5G Much larger bandwidths available in spectrum bands above 6 GHz FCC NPRM : 28 / 37 / 39 / 64-71 GHz considered for mobile radio services Below 6 GHz Above 6 GHz - 6 6-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-100 APT 1427-1452 1492-1518 25.25-25.5 31.8-33.4 39-47 47.2 50.4-50.2-52.6 66-76 81-86 CEPT 1427-1518 3400-3800 24.5-27.5 31.8-33.4 40.5-43.5 45.5-48.9 66-71 71-76 81-86 CITEL 1427-1518 3400-3600 10-10.45 23.15-23.6 24.25 27.5-27.5-29.5 31.8-33 37 40.5 45.5 47.2 50.4-47 -50.2-52.6 59.3-76 RCC 5925-6425 25.5-27.5 31.8-33.4 39.5 40.5-40.5-41.5 45.5-47.5 48.5 50.4-50.2-52.6 66 71-71 -76 81-86 ASMG 1452-1518 3400-3600 31 Single band implementation for few giga-herts range exptected MHz GHz

mmwave Challenges and Opportunities Path Loss Model in Urban Environment Larger path-loss at high frequency bands Atmosphere loss, rain attenuation, foliage blocking Outdoor-to-indoor penetration loss Semiconductor readiness, PA efficiency, power consumption Samsung developed the world s first mmwave mobile prototype to verify the feasibility of mmwave mobile communications Global collaborative effort on mmwave channel modeling

Path Loss [db] Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) Angular Spread Path Loss (db) mmwave Channel Modeling Leading Channel Modeling Activity toward Outdoor Cellular Deployment Gbps data rate support envisioned by mmwave propagation analysis Measurement Campaign Tx NLoS Rx NYU campus 28 GHz Channel Sounder [TX] [RX] 2018 Winter Olympic Resort 160 150 140 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Calibration Angle Spread Comparison @ New York NYU Measurement New York Ray-Tracing Angle Spread Cal. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Measurement Index # Channel modeling Synthesized Omni-NLoS n Synthesized Omni-NLoS = 3.58 1 0.9 0.8 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 Delay Spread in NLoS Comparison of propagation models : 28GHz Measurment Samples - NYU Campus Measurement-based Pathloss Model (NLoS) Ray-tracing Samples - NYU Campus Ray-tracing-based Pathloss Model (NLoS) Pathloss Cal. 100 50 80 100 150 200 Distance between transmitter and receiver (m) 1 0.9 0.8 RX Azimuth Angle Spred in NLoS Universities & research centers NYU, USC, KAIST Research projects 5G PPP mmmagic, COST IC1004 Standard Rapporteur on 3GPP 5G Channel Model SI for > 6GHz 130 0.7 0.7 T X T X 120 110 100 90 80 70 0.5 Measurement (Daejeon NLoS) 0.5 Modeling (Daejeon NLoS) Measurement (Daejeon, NLoS) 0.4 Measurement (Alpensia NLoS) 0.4 Modeling (Daejeon, NLoS) Modeling (Alpensia NLoS) Measurement (Alpensia, NLoS) 0.3 0.3 Modeling (Alpensia, NLoS) E[ ] =55.4292 ns DSDaejeon 0.2 0.2 = 6.08dB E[AoA spread n,synthesized Omni-NLoS Daejeon ]=31.3912 o 0.1 E[ DSAlpensia ] =60.4132 ns 0.1 Pathloss Model Delay Spread Angle E[AoA spread Spread ]=43.1066 o Alpensia 60 1 10 50 100 150 250 Distance [m] 0.6 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 RMS Delay Spread [ns] 0.6 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 AoA spread [deg]

mmwave Testbed / Chipset Development World s 1st mmwave Testbed and Antenna/RFIC for Mobile Device 28GHz Array Antenna Module 25 mm 56 mm 42 mm 5 mm Beamforming CMOS RFIC / GaAs FEM

Handover mmwave Multi-Cell Handover with 3 Test Base Stations Base Station RFU Start/End Point 2.5 mm Mobile Station RFU Samsung Electronics. All Rights Reserved. Confidential and Proprietary. 10

World s 1 st mmwave Multi-Cell Handover Handover Tests in 3-Cell Network (Average ISD : 178m) Handover Latency of 21 ms with Fast Adaptive Hybrid Beamforming Average Throughput of 1.67 Gbps at Driving Speed of 25 km/h

Power Spectrum Power Spectrum 5G New Waveform (Post-OFDM) Post-OFDM Multicarrier Technology Spectrum efficiency enhancement and flexible spectrum utilization through new waveform design Service-specific commun. in a limited freq. band Need for a new waveform enabling efficient spectrum utilization 4G Waveform 5G New Waveform Frequency Wasted spectrum More services available! Efficient spectrum utilization examples Well-localized spectrum System Bandwidth 4G LTE Waveform 5G New Waveform Spectrum Utilization 84.1% 4G LTE Waveform 61.1% 97.9% 5G New Waveform Efficient spectrum usage for multiple services UHD Smart Smart Spectrum Utilization Streaming Meter Vehicle 91.2% 4G LTE Waveform 5G New Waveform

5G New Waveform (Post-OFDM) QAM-FBMC : A Post-OFDM Multicarrier Technology Post-OFDM multicarrier technology Well-localized spectrum by per-subcarrier filtering QAM transmission Main benefits Well-localized spectrum Efficient coexistence with other RATs Time/frequency overhead reduction Enhanced spectral efficiency Spectrum fragmentation performance test RB-unit in-band spectrum nulling Spectrum comparison between OFDM and QAM-FBMC Interference suppression gain (>23dB) against OFDM OFDM QAM-FBMC (In Frequency) (In Time)

Power Efficient Modulation : FQAM Combines the Virtues of QAM and FSK modulation Energy efficient & good performance in a low SNR region, useful for coverage extension Low PAPR when combined with OFDMA due to small number of active subcarriers A QAM symbol transmission on a single tone selected a mong a group of tones Inherits the energy efficient nature of FSK Low PAPR when combined with OFDMA 4-QAM 4-FSK 16-FQAM S 2 S 1 Freq S 3 S 4

Low Complexity Channel Coding : LDPC A Promising Channel Coding Scheme for Multi-Gbps Support with Low Power Consumption 5G peak data rate is 10 Gbps to 20 Gbps Low power consumption and small implementation area is essential LDPC shows 10 times lower power w.r.t. Turbo 10000 Turbo LDPC shows 5 times smaller area for decoder implementation 100 Turbo 1000 100 LDPC 10 times 10 1 LDPC 5 times 10 ASIC Process 0.1 [1] M. May, T. Ilnseher, N. Wehn, and W. Raab, "A 150Mbit/s 3GPP LTE tubo code decoder," in Proc. DATE, Mar. 2010. [2] S. Belfanti, etc., "A 1Gbps LTE-advanced turbo-decoder ASIC in 65nm CMOS," in Symposium on VLSI Circuits Digest of Technical Papers, 2013. [3] Y. Sun, J.R. Cavallaro, "Efficient hardware implementation of a highly-parallel 3GPP LTE/LTE-advance turbo decoder," INTEGRATION, the VLSI journal, 2011. [4] M. Weiner, B. Nikolic, and Z. Zhang, "LDPC decoder architecture for high-data rate personal-area networks," IEEE Symp. Circuits and Systems, 2011. [5] S.-Y. Hung, etc., "A 5.7Gbps row-based layered scheduling LDPC decoder for IEEE 802.15.3c applications," IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference, Nov. 2010.

Massive MIMO Technology FD-MIMO with Massive Antenna Technologies 2D array based adaptive beamforming at the base station Higher-order MU-MIMO with 3D beamforming 3D-Beamforming Elevation and azimuth beamforming Full-dimension MIMO/BF support with 2D massive array Support of larger number of antenna ports MIMO/beamforming enhancements for both TDD & FDD Higher-order MU-MIMO Increased order of Multi-users supported simultaneously

Massive MIMO Technology FD-MIMO High order ( 8 UEs) MU-MIMO demonstration by FD-MIMO System at 3.5 GHz LTE pre-release small-cell FD-MIMO 20MHz BW TDD @3.5GHz, 32-TRX ports Compact enb with fully integrated array antenna, RF, and baseband Novel antenna calibration network and compact array architecture Support of adaptive 3D-Beamforming and high-order MU-MIMO Support of multi-user MIMO up to 8~12 UEs simultaneously 50 cm High-order multi-user MIMO with FD-MIMO PoC 12-UE MU-MIMO indoor test: 422Mbps DL aggregated throughput Realtime demo at NIWeek2015 (Aug. 2015, Austin TX) 30 cm Inside (RF/Antenna Board)

5G Flexible Network Architecture Flexible Architecture based on SDN and NFV Virtual NW function : easy upgrade by software change Scalable/flexible architecture : dynamic instantiation of NFs Flexible Function Location Support for low latency applications Flexible Architecture Support divergent network requirements Open network API Network as a platform for innovative service

5G Flexible Network Architecture Network Slicing using NFV/SDN technology Enable logically independent networks for different services Support divergent requirements by instantiating required network functions on demand Virtual Radio Resource Virtual Bandwidth OTT can manage the end to end connection by leasing the slice UE may access multiple slices based per App s needs MBB vcn (MBB) UR/LL MTC 1) RAN Virtualization 2) Network Virtualization (using SDN) vcn (UR/LL) vcn (MTC) APP 3) NFV with Orchestration 5G BS OTT A OTT Slice Default Slice Operator 5G Core Cloud $$$ OTT A Internet

Expected 5G Timelines Standardization and Spectrum Allocation 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 '15. 9 WRC-15 '16. 3 '17. 6 '18. 9 WRC-19 '19.12 IMT-2020 Specification RAN 5G Workshop Channel Model SI < 6GHz SI > 6GHz SI < 6GHzWI > 6GHz WI Further Enhancements Rel-13 Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16 5G Standards 5G Phase I 5G Phase II Tokyo 2020

Global 5G R&D Activities Global 5G Initiatives with Samsung s Active Engagements 5G PPP Association (Full Member) Leading and Participating the EU Flagship 5G Projects 5G Forum Executive Board Member Member of Giga KOREA Project 5GIC Founding Member NYU Wireless Center (Board Member) Proposed NPRM (28/37/39/64-71 GHz) IMT-2020 Promotion Group 5GMF (5G Mobile Promotion Forum) Member of Future Forum Contributor to 863 Project

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