Positron Emission Tomogrphy (PET) Imges Eh set of PET imges elow ontins four imges of humn rin. The four imges show ross-setions tken t ifferent levels of the rin. Set 1 Set 4 Set 5 Set 2 Set 6 Set 3 highest tivity lowest tivity Mster 1.1
Set 4 Set 5 Set 6 PET imges provie y: Snjiv S. Gmhir, M.D., Ph.D. UCLA Shool of Meiine Crump Institute for Biologil Imging Copyright 1998 Regents of the University of Cliforni Mster 1.1
Interpreting PET Imges Nme(s) Dte 1. When you look t the imges tht mke up Set #1 (Mster 1.1), how o the four imges iffer from eh other? 2. Why re four imges shown in eh set of PET imges? Why woul sientists nee to exmine more thn one PET imge tken of sujet s rin? 3. When ompring the imges in Set #1 with the imges in Sets #2, 3, 4, 5, n 6, how is the tivity of the rin in eh of these sets ifferent from Set #1 s? Set Numer 2 3 4 5 6 Ientify the imge tht shows the gretest hnge (,,, or ) Desrie the hnge in rin tivity Mster 1.2
4. The PET imges shown in Set #1 show rin tivity in resting rin. The imges in Sets #2 through 6 show tivity in the rins of humns who re oing ifferent tsks. When you look t the PET sns n the hrt in question #3, wht generliztions n you mke out the tivity of the rin when ifferent tsks re performe? 5. Compre the tsks tht the sujet performe uring eh of the PET sns (s shown on the overhe trnspreny of Mster 1.3) with the iniviul s rin tivity. Use the informtion from the over he n from the PET imges to omplete the following hrt. Brin region tht is Set more tive in the This region is involve in Numer PET imge proessing informtion relte to 2 3 4 5 6 uitory ortex primry visul ortex frontl ortex hippompus motor ortex Mster 1.2
PET Imge Tsks The tsks tht the sujet performe uring eh of the PET sns re s follows: Set #1 Sujet is resting. Set #2 Sujet is listening to musi. Set #3 Sujet is looking t piture showing oth pttern n olor. Set #4 Sujet is performing thinking tsk. Set #5 Sujet must rememer n imge for lter rell. Set #6 Sujet is hopping up n own on the right foot. Mster 1.3
Mjor Regions of the Brin Cererl Cortex Thlmus Mirin Cereellum Hypothlmus Amygl Brinstem Hippompus Spinl Cor Drwing of rin ut in hlf, showing the mjor regions. Soure: Ntionl Institute on Drug Ause (1997). Min Over Mtter: The Brin s Response to Drugs, Teher s Guie. Mster 1.4
Ares of the Cererl Cortex n Their Funtions Drwing of rin ut in hlf, showing res of the ererl ortex n their funtions. Soure: Ntionl Institute on Drug Ause (1997). Min Over Mtter: The Brin s Response to Drugs, Teher s Guie. Mster 1.5
Wht Hppene to Phines Gge? Nme(s) Dte Due to n ient while he ws working, Phines Gge me ontriution to the unerstning of how the rin works. In 1848, 25-yer-ol Phines Gge worke for the Rutln n Burlington Rilro Compny lying rilro trks ross Vermont. Before rilro trk oul e li, however, the uneven groun neee to e levele. Gge n oworkers h to rill holes in the stone, put explosive in the holes, over the explosive with sn, n then use fuse n tmping iron to trigger n explosion. One y, n ient ourre tht hnge Gge s life forever. The explosive went off erly, sening the tmping iron, whih ws 1.25 inhes in imeter n 43 inhes long, shooting into Gge s fe, through his skull n rin, n out the top of his he. The tmping iron lne out 25 yrs wy. Gge regine onsiousness within few minutes. Amzingly, he not only survive the lst, ut he ws le to tlk n to wlk! His oworkers took him to the otor, who lene n nge the wouns, the stnr meil tretment t the time. Although Gge survive the physil injuries from the lst, he ws hnge mn. He ppere to e just s intelligent s efore the ient, n he i not hve ny impirment in movement, speeh, or memory. But, something ws ifferent. Before the ient, he ws responsile, intelligent, n likele person. After the ient, he ws irresponsile, use profnity extensively, n emonstrte no respet for soil ustoms. His friens ommente tht Gge ws no longer Gge. He oul not hol the responsile jos tht he h efore the ient n pprently wnere for the next severl yers. Phines Gge ene up in Sn Frniso in the ustoy of his fmily, where he ie pproximtely 12 yers fter the ient. Twenty yers fter the ient, the physiin who trete Gge orrelte the ehviorl hnges with mge to the frontl region of the rin. At the time, the rin ws thought to ontrol lnguge n movement, ut the suggestion tht the rin funtione to proess emotions n soil ehvior ws new. In ition, sientists t the time elieve the rin lke lolize funtions. Unknowingly, Phines Gge ontriute to our unerstning of how the rin proesses informtion. In the 1990s, sientists use their improve unerstning of rin funtion, omputer moeling tehniques, n new t from Gge s skull. On the sis of this informtion, they foun tht the ient mge oth hemispheres of the frontl loe, whih is the prt of the rin tht influenes soil ehvior. Toy, physiins see ptients with mge to the frontl loe tht hs ourre through motor vehile ients, gun ients, or mjor flls. These iniviuls, like Phines Gge, often hve rmti hnges in their emotionl n eision-mking ilities. 1. How i Phines Gge hnge fter the ient? 2. How i Phines Gge s ient hnge sientists unerstning of the rin? Mster 1.6
The Rewr System Drwing of rin ut in hlf, showing the rewr system. Soure: Ntionl Institute on Drug Ause (1997). Min Over Mtter: The Brin s Response to Drugs, Teher s Guie. Mster 1.7