Analysis of European Architectures for Space Exploration 9 th International Conference on Exploration and Utilisation of the Moon 22 26 October, Sorrento 1
Exploration Goals Extend access and a sustainable presence for humans in the Earth Moon - Mars space DERIVED EXPLORATION GOALS 1) Human operations in space (Low Earth orbit, Libration Points) 2) Robotic and human exploration of Moon (and sustained operations) 3) Robotic and human exploration of Mars -4) Robotic (and human) exploration of Near-Earth Objects 2
Exomars Next Capability Roadmap MSR Short Visits Surface Exploration Surface mobility Drilling Transportation Rendezvous in Mars orbit Transportation Aerocapture Soft landing Ascent Rendezvous Earth re-entry Human demonstration missions Sustained Surface Exploration ISS Human Health in Space Micro-g effects and countermeasures Reduction of Dependency on Earth Resources Advanced closed loop life support systems Human Transportation Human access to space Human rated autonomous rendezvous and docking Aeroassist manoeuvres Human Health in Space Radiation effects & countermeasures Advanced medical care Isolation/ psychological issues Human Transportation Soft landing Ascent Space servicing Advanced propulsion & power Long term cryo storage CSTS Next Reduction of Dependency on Earth Resources In-Situ Resource Utilisation Greenhouses Surface Exploration Advanced EVA Mobility systems Drilling Teleoperations Telecommunication Human Surface Operations Safe Haven Habitation Power Systems Radiation Protection 3
European Space Exploration Interests 4 Life & Planetary Co-evolution: To understand the fundamental questions regarding the origins and Evolution of life and of the Solar System, and the ways in which they interact. Driving theme Enabled theme Life Sciences Space Services: Provide commercial services Entrepreneurial Activities: Space tourism as well as media and entertainment activities Life Sciences: To enable human exploration the effects of radiation, microgravity/reduced gravity and psychological environment need to be determined. Microgravity Applied Research: To secure European access to microgravity facilities to develop innovative techniques, technologies and products (and to enable space exploration). Commercial servicing of ISS Robotic Lunar Landing Deployment Lunar Nav./Comm. system Robotic Lunar landing Commercial lunar orbital flight First lunar telescope Deployment Martian Nav./Comm. System Life & Planetary Co-evolution Lisbon Agenda: Make Europe the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the World, through inspiration, education, research and innovation. Public Engagement: Foster cultural development, provide sources for inspiration and support education. Today 2015 2020 2030 Space Services Lunar Observatories: Astronomical observations impossible/severely degraded from Earth/in space locations. Space Services: Assembly/servicing of large in-space infrastructures, use of in-space areas as safe havens/operational hubs. Entrepreneurial Activities: Emergence of a space tourism industry in Europe, and later ensure the sustainability of space tourism, media and entertainment activities. European Ambition: Enable the EU to take the role of a unified organisation in major undertakings of global value, demonstrating increased assertiveness and independence in international affairs/security. Global Partnership: Enhance European diplomatic, economic and scientific relationships through the development of new/existing partnerships with the USA and emerging World powers. Benefits to Society Answering the question Is there, or has there ever been, life on Mars? Observation of the initial formation of stars and galaxies. Deeper understanding of human physiology and medicine. Technological advances in applied research and generation of new terrestrial markets. Emergence of sustainable European space tourism, media and entertainment industry. Development of innovative techniques, technologies, products. Increased feeling of European identity. Lisbon Agenda significantly assisted by strong European exploration programme. Significant opportunities to increase international diplomatic, economic and scientific ties.
Timeline of Architecture Analysis 2007 2008 June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Architecture Requirements Review Moon Architecture Review Requirements Analysis and Architecture Trade-offs Moon/ NEO/ Mars Architecture Review Final Review CDF Sessions CDF Sessions CDF Sessions Preparatory Activities Moon Architecture Moon/ NEO/ Mars Architecture Moon/ NEO/ Mars Architecture Consolidation European Priorities and Roadmaps International Architectures Detailed Architecture Element Design 5
Lunar Architecture Requirements Science objectives Life and planetary science Remote sensing: altimetry, dust measurement, resources mapping In-situ analysis: on surface, deep drilling (10 m), very deep drilling (>100 m) Sample returns to Earth Geologist field work Astronomy from the Moon Radiofrequency telescope High energy cosmic waves telescope Human life sciences Economic objectives Microgravity applied research Entrepreneurial activities: space tourism, media and entertainment Space services: develop ISRU Political Objectives European ambition: human missions to Moon, lead critical elements of MSR Lisbon agenda: innovation in key areas (life support, comms, surface) Partnership Capability demonstration for MSR and future human Mars missions 6
Moon Exploration Architecture Phasing Objectives 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Phase 1 Preparation Phase 2 Exploration Phase 3 Utilisation Utilise ISS for Enabling Research and Capability Demonstration Secure human access to space for Europe Prepare for lunar surface exploration Support human surface operations Continue orbital research in space beyond ISS Perform extensive surface exploration based on humanrobotic partnership Sustain long-term human presence on the Moon Extend orbital I/F and capabilities in preparation for Mars Human access to space ensured? Successful demonstration of lunar surface capabilities Consolidation of exploration interests? Successful ISRU? Need for sustained presence? Global consensus for cooperation? 7
Moon Exploration Architecture Phasing of Capabilities 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 8 Phase 1 Utilise ISS ISS - Life support systems - Research capabilities Secure human access CSTS -Rendezvous & docking -Crew space transportation system Prepare exploration Early Robotics -Lunar orbiter - First lunar lander - ISRU demonstration Phase 2 Continue research Research Platform Research capabilities Support initial human operations Staging Post - Tele-operations - Assembly -Safe haven - Human landing Perform surface exploration Surface Capabilities - Drilling and mobility - EVA systems -Light habitation - Radiation protection - Communication - Advanced ISRU Phase 3 Support sustained human ops Extended Staging Post Refueling & servicing Telepresence Advanced communication Sustain human presence Lunar Surface Outpost - Advanced habitation - Extended surface mobility - Large scale ISRU - Reusable vehicles - Large science infrastructure
Moon Exploration Architecture - Logic 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Orbiter Phase 1 Robotic Lander ISRU Demo Phase 2 Phase 3 Deep Driller Advanced ISRU ISRU Plant Advanced Surface Mobility EDS CSTS CSTS in LLO Radiation Crew Lander Sortie & Rescue Missions Very deep drilling Refueling Lunar Surface Base RvD ECLSS Sat. Comm Reusable Lander ISS Orbital Infrastructures (LEO, LLO, EML) Extended Orbital Infrastructures (LLO, EML) 9 enables supports Capability
Phase 2 Operations - 2020 to 2027 Robotic 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 landing and and mobility Mobile light habitat Human sortie mission Robotic landing and and drilling 10
Europe focus areas Access to space and planetary surfaces Access for robotic probes Access to information Access for humans Capabilities for extensive planetary surface exploration based on human-robotic partnership Research in life sciences Capabilities to improve the economy of sustained human operations in space 11