Brain and Art Guiomar Niso December 15, 2017 Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017
Santiago Ramón y Cajal Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 2
Santiago Ramón y Cajal Premio Nobel 1906 Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 3
Human Brain In the brain ~86.000.000.000 interconnected neurons each with 1000 synaptic connections Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 4
White and Grey Matter Grey Matter White Matter Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 5
Brain electric and magnetic fields Scalp Cortex Current dipole Magnetic field Magnetic field outside sulcus gyrus Neurotransmis sion Neuron synapsis Temporal summation Spatial summation Maxwell rule of thumb Electric&magne tic field Presynaptic Postsynaptic chemical processes result in electrical currents Pre-synaptic Post-synaptic potential Pyramidal cells dendrites trees in parallel Electric generates magnetic field In a cortical column Post-synaptic Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 (Niso et al. 2013, modified from Fieldtrip video 2013; Cohen 2009) 6
Sensors Elekta Neuromag 306 channels (102 magnetometers, 204 planar gradiometers) Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 7
Magnetic Fields MAGNETIC FIELDS 1 ~Tesla 10-3 ~mili Tesla 10-5 ~micro Tesla 10-12 ~pico Tesla MRI systems Typical refrigerator magnet Earth s magnetic field Human brain Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 8
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Magnetically Shielded Room SQUID electronics MEG Dewar Video Micro EEG electronics DSP processing EEG Screen Auditory Visual Tactile AQUISITION COMPUTER STIMULUS COMPUTER (Niso et al. 2013) Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 9
Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB) Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 10
Preprocessing Raw MEG Filtered and removed blinks and cardiac artifacts Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 11
Brain Signals Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 12
Oscillations 13 Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017
Rythms of the brain (Niso et al. Neuroimage, 2015) Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 14
Source reconstruction (Brainstorm, Tadel et al. 2011) Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 15
Brain Connectivity 1 2? 3 For a comprehensive review on functional and effective connectivity metrics: (Niso et al. Neuroinformatics, 2013) Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 16
Brain Connectivity Structural physical connections Functional (FC) relationship bt signals Effective (EC) causal interactions 1 2 1 2 1 2 (Niso et al. 2013) Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 17
Synchronization SYNCHRONIZATION σύν χρόνος (sin = common, cronos = time) Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 18
HERMES Integrated toolbox to characterize functional and effective brain connectivity Signals: Time domain Signals: Frecuency domain Functional & Effective Connectivity Statistics between groups/conditions http://hermes.ctb.upm.es (Niso et al. Neuroinformatics, 2013) Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 19
Brain Networks (Park & Friston,Science,2013) Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017
Wilder Penfield Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 21
Prehistoric Art Saharan petroglyphic ~50,000 BCE Altamira Bison ~30,000 BCE Geisenklösterle flute ~40,000 BCE Jiahu gǔdí ~6,000 BCE Venus of Willendorf ~25,000 BCE Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 22
Art Concerts Museums Films Theathers Dance Performances Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 23
Robert Zatorre Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 24
Music Performance auditory motor interactions in music perception and production (Zatorre, Chen & Penhune, Nature Neuroscience, 2007) Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 25
Musical Imagery (Herholz, Halpern & Zatorre,2012) Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 26
Brain Plasticity CORTICAL THICKNESS: musicians > non-musicians Frontal Lobes Motor Cortex (Bermudez, Lerch, Evans & Zatorre,2009) Auditory Cortex Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 27
Pleasure (Sescousse et a. 2013) Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 28
Music Reward (Salimpoor et al. Science, 2013) Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 29
Music Reward Interactions Between the Nucleus Accumbens and Auditory Cortices Predict Music Reward Value (Salimpoor et al. Science, 2013) Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 30
Modulate Musical Experience Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Human Prefrontal Cortex Induces Dopamine Release in the Caudate Nucleus (Strafella et al. J Neurosci. 2001) Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 31
Modulate Musical Experience (Mas-Herrero, Dagher & Zatorre, Nature Human Behav. 2017) Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 32
Aesthetics appreciation Variety of artistic styles to increase their choice of aesthetic judgment: Abstract art (40) Classic art (40) Impressionist art (40) Postimpressionist art (40) Photographs of landscapes, artifacts, urban scenes (160) Brain functional connectivity dynamics for beautiful and not beautiful (Cela-Conde at al. PNAS, 2013) Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 33
Aesthetics appreciation Aesthetic appreciation relies on the activation of two different networks: An initial aesthetic network: sensu stricto. General appraisal of the aesthetic qualities, visual stimulus beautiful or not beautiful, is performed very quickly A delayed aesthetic network: sensu lato. Detailed aspects of beauty, interesting or original, how to rate it, reasons, are performed later (Cela-Conde at al. PNAS, 2013) Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 34
Javier de Felipe Neuronal Forest Human Brain Project Cajal Blue Brain Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 35
Dancing Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 36
Dancing PET: Perform tango steps (involving legs only) (Brown et al. Cerebral Cortex, 2006) Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 37
Dancing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fnirs): non-dancers while they performed a dance video game (Tachibana et al. 2011) (Ono et al. 2014) Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 38
Dancing EEG: dancers who performed movements in three conditions. (Cruz-Garza et al.2014) Machine learning algorithm that classified movements based on the thought or performed expression. Activation was found in premotor, motor, and parietal regions, and the classification was not limited by motion artifacts. Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 39
Wireless EEG New wireless EEG systems that allow mobility Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 40
Optical Illusions MULTISTABILITY The Necker cube and the Rubin vase Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 41
Optical Illusions Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 42
Optical Illusions Bistable images (Parkkonen et al. PNAS, 2008) Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 43
Optical Illusions Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 44
MUCHAS GRACIAS! guiomar.niso@ctb.upm.es Guiomar Niso C3GI 2017 45