Equivalent Full-Range Temperature Coefficient... 30 ppm/ C 0.2-Ω Typical Output Impedance Sink-Current Capability...1 ma to 100 ma Low Output Noise Adjustable Output Voltage...V ref to 36 V Available in a Wide Range of High-Density Packages description The and A are three-terminal adjustable shunt regulators with specified thermal stability over applicable automotive, commercial, and military temperature ranges. The output voltage can be set to any value between V ref (approximately 2.5 V) and 36 V with two external resistors (see Figure 17). These devices have a typical output impedance of 0.2 Ω. Active output circuitry provides a very sharp turn-on characteristic, making these devices excellent replacements for Zener diodes in many applications, such as onboard regulation, adjustable power supplies, and switching power supplies. The C and AC are characterized for operation from 0 C to 70 C, and the I and AI are characterized for operation from 40 C to 85 C. CATHODE NC CATHODE NC NC NC D PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 P OR PW PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) 8 7 6 5 NC No internal connection PK PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) LP PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) REF NC REF NC NC REF CATHODE CATHODE REF KTP PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) CATHODE REF Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright 1999, Texas Instruments Incorporated POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 1
symbol TA 0 C to 70 C 40 C to 85 C SMALL OUTLINE (D) CD ACD ID AID PLASTIC FLANGE MOUNT (KTP) CKTPR AVAILABLE OPTIONS PACKAGED DEVICES TO-226AA (LP) CLP ACLP ILP AILP PLASTIC DIP (P) CP ACP IP AIP SOT-89 (PK) CPK IPK SHRINK SMALL OUTLINE (PW) CPW CHIP FORM (Y) Y The D and LP packages are available taped and reeled. The KTP and PK packages are only available taped and reeled. Add the suffix R to device type (e.g., CDR). Chip forms are tested at TA = 25 C. REF CATHODE functional block diagram CATHODE REF + _ Vref equivalent schematic CATHODE 800 Ω 800 Ω REF 20 pf 150 Ω 3.28 kω 4 kω 10 kω 2.4 kω 7.2 kω 20 pf 1 kω All component values are nominal. 800 Ω 2 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) Cathode voltage, V KA (see Note 1)........................................................... 37 V Continuous cathode current range, I KA......................................... 100 ma to 150 ma Reference input current range.................................................... 50 µa to 10 ma Package thermal impedance, θ JA (see Notes 2 and 3): D package............................ 97 C/W LP package.......................... 156 C/W KTP package......................... 28 C/W P package............................ 127 C/W PK package........................... 52 C/W PW package.......................... 149 C/W Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds: D, P, or PW package............ 260 C Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 60 seconds: LP or PK package.............. 300 C Storage temperature range, T stg................................................... 65 C to 150 C Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. NOTES: 1. Voltage values are with respect to the anode terminal unless otherwise noted. 2. Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), θ JA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(max) TA)/θ JA. Operating at the absolute maximum TJ of 150 C can impact reliability. 3. The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance with JESD 51, except for through-hole packages, which use a trace length of zero. recommended operating conditions MIN MAX UNIT Cathode voltage, VKA Vref 36 V Cathode current, IKA 1 100 ma Operating free-air temperature range, TA C, AC 0 70 I, AI 40 85 C POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 3
electrical characteristics over recommended operating conditions, T A = 25 C (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CIRCUIT TEST CONDITIONS C MIN TYP MAX Vref Reference voltage 2 VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 ma 2440 2495 2550 mv VI(dev) Deviation of reference voltage over full temperature range (see Figure 1) V ref Ratio of change in reference voltage V KA to the change in cathode voltage 2 UNIT VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 ma, TA = full range 4 25 mv 3 IKA =10mA VKA = 10 V Vref 1.4 2.7 VKA = 36 V 10 V 1 2 Iref Reference current 3 IKA = 10 ma, R1 = 10 kω, R2 = 2 4 µa II(dev) Imin Deviation of reference current over full temperature range (see Figure 1) Minimum cathode current for regulation 3 mv V IKA = 10 ma, R1 = 10 kω, R2 =, TA = full range 0.4 1.2 µa 2 VKA = Vref 0.4 1 ma Ioff Off-state cathode current 4 VKA = 36 V, Vref = 0 0.1 1 µa zka Dynamic impedance (see Figure 1) 1 Full range is 0 C to 70 C for the C. IKA = 1 ma to 100 ma, VKA = Vref, f 1 khz 0.2 0.5 Ω The deviation parameters V ref(dev) and I ref(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the recommended temperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference voltage, α Vref, is defined as: # Vref #.ppm VI(dev).. 10 V at ref 25 C. 6 C T A Maximum Vref Minimum Vref VI(dev) where: TA T A is the recommended operating free-air temperature range of the device. α Vref can be positive or negative, depending on whether minimum V ref or maximum V ref, respectively, occurs at the lower temperature. Example: maximum V ref = 2496 mv at 30 C, minimum V ref = 2492 mv at 0 C, V ref = 2495 mv at 25 C, T A = 70 C for C # Vref #. 4mV 2495 mv. 10 6 70 C 23 ppm C Because minimum V ref occurs at the lower temperature, the coefficient is positive. Calculating Dynamic Impedance The dynamic impedance is defined as: #z KA # V KA I KA When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 3), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by: z3 V I #z KA #.1 R1 R2. Figure 1. Calculating Deviation Parameters and Dynamic Impedance 4 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
electrical characteristics over recommended operating conditions, T A = 25 C (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CIRCUIT TEST CONDITIONS I MIN TYP MAX Vref Reference voltage 2 VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 ma 2440 2495 2550 mv VI(dev) Deviation of reference voltage over full temperature range (see Figure 1) V ref Ratio of change in reference voltage V KA to the change in cathode voltage 2 UNIT VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 ma, TA = full range 5 50 mv 3 IKA =10mA VKA = 10 V Vref 1.4 2.7 VKA = 36 V 10 V 1 2 Iref Reference current 3 IKA = 10 ma, R1 = 10 kω, R2 = 2 4 µa II(dev) Imin Deviation of reference current over full temperature range (see Figure 1) Minimum cathode current for regulation 3 mv V IKA = 10 ma, R1 = 10 kω, R2 =, TA = full range 0.8 2.5 µa 2 VKA = Vref 0.4 1 ma Ioff Off-state cathode current 4 VKA = 36 V, Vref = 0 0.1 1 µa zka Dynamic impedance (see Figure 1) 2 Full range is 40 C to 85 C for the I. IKA = 1 ma to 100 ma, VKA = Vref, f 1 khz 0.2 0.5 Ω electrical characteristics over recommended operating conditions, T A = 25 C (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CIRCUIT TEST CONDITIONS AC MIN TYP MAX Vref Reference voltage 2 VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 ma 2470 2495 2520 mv VI(dev) Deviation of reference voltage over full temperature range (see Figure 1) V ref Ratio of change in reference voltage V KA to the change in cathode voltage 2 UNIT VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 ma, TA = full range 4 25 mv 3 IKA =10mA VKA = 10 V Vref 1.4 2.7 VKA = 36 V 10 V 1 2 Iref Reference current 3 IKA = 10 ma, R1 = 10 kω, R2 = 2 4 µa II(dev) Imin Deviation of reference current over full temperature range (see Figure 1) Minimum cathode current for regulation 3 mv V IKA = 10 ma, R1 = 10 kω, R2 =, TA = full range 0.8 1.2 µa 2 VKA = Vref 0.4 0.6 ma Ioff Off-state cathode current 4 VKA = 36 V, Vref = 0 0.1 0.5 µa zka Dynamic impedance (see Figure 1) 1 Full range is 0 C to 70 C for the AC. IKA = 1 ma to 100 ma, VKA = Vref, f 1 khz 0.2 0.5 Ω POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 5
electrical characteristics over recommended operating conditions, T A = 25 C (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CIRCUIT TEST CONDITIONS AI MIN TYP MAX Vref Reference voltage 2 VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 ma 2470 2495 2520 mv VI(dev) Deviation of reference voltage over full temperature range (see Figure 1) V ref Ratio of change in reference voltage V to the change in cathode voltage KA 2 UNIT VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 ma, TA = full range 5 50 mv 3 IKA =10mA VKA = 10 V Vref 1.4 2.7 VKA = 36 V 10 V 1 2 Iref Reference current 3 IKA = 10 ma, R1 = 10 kω, R2 = 2 4 µa II(dev) Imin Deviation of reference current over full temperature range (see Figure 1) Minimum cathode current for regulation 3 mv V IKA = 10 ma, R1 = 10 kω, R2 =, TA = full range 0.8 2.5 µa 2 VKA = Vref 0.4 0.7 ma Ioff Off-state cathode current 4 VKA = 36 V, Vref = 0 0.1 0.5 µa zka Dynamic impedance (see Figure 1) 2 Full range is 40 C to 85 C for the AI. IKA = 1 ma to 100 ma, VKA = Vref, f 1 khz 0.2 0.5 Ω electrical characteristics over recommended operating conditions, T A = 25 C (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CIRCUIT TEST CONDITIONS Y MIN TYP MAX Vref Reference voltage 2 VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 ma 2495 mv V ref Ratio of change in reference voltage V to the change in cathode voltage KA 3 IKA =10mA VKA = 10 V Vref 1.4 VKA = 36 V 10 V 1 Iref Reference input current 3 IKA = 10 ma, R1 = 10 kω, R2 = 2 µa Imin Minimum cathode current for regulation UNIT 2 VKA = Vref 0.4 ma Ioff Off-state cathode current 4 VKA = 36 V, Vref = 0 0.1 µa zka Dynamic impedance 2 Calculating dynamic impedance: IKA = 1 ma to 100 ma, VKA = Vref, f 1 khz The dynamic impedance is defined as: # zka # V KA I KA When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 3), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by: z3 V I z.1 R1. KA R2 mv V 0.2 Ω 6 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION Input VKA IKA Vref Figure 2. Test Circuit for V KA = V ref Input VKA IKA R1 Iref R2 Vref V KA V ref.1 R1 R2. I ref R1 Figure 3. Test Circuit for V KA > V ref Input Ioff VKA Figure 4. Test Circuit for I off POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 7
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS Table 1. Graphs FIGURE Reference input voltage vs Free-air temperature 5 Reference input current vs Free-air temperature 6 Cathode current vs Cathode voltage 7, 8 Off-state cathode current vs Free-air temperature 9 Ratio of delta reference voltage to change in cathode voltage vs Free-air temperature 10 Equivalent input noise voltage vs Frequency 11 Equivalent input noise voltage over a 10-second period 12 Small-signal voltage amplification vs Frequency 13 Reference impedance vs Frequency 14 Pulse response 15 Stability boundary conditions 16 Table 2. Application Circuits FIGURE Shunt regulator 17 Single-supply comparator with temperature-compensated threshold 18 Precision high-current series regulator 19 Output control of a three-terminal fixed regulator 20 High-current shunt regulator 21 Crowbar circuit 22 Precision 5-V 1.5-A regulator 23 Efficient 5-V precision regulator 24 PWM converter with reference 25 Voltage monitor 26 Delay timer 27 Precision current limiter 28 Precision constant-current sink 29 8 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS Reference Voltage mv V ref 2600 2580 2560 2540 2520 2500 2480 2460 2440 2420 VKA = Vref IKA = 10 ma REFERENCE VOLTAGE vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE Vref = 2550 mv Vref = 2495 mv Vref = 2440 mv I ref Reference Current µ A 5 4 3 2 1 R1 = 10 kω R2 = IKA = 10 ma REFERENCE CURRENT vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE 2400 75 50 25 0 25 50 75 TA Free-Air Temperature C Data is for devices having the indicated value of Vref at IKA = 10 ma, TA = 25 C. Figure 5 100 125 0 75 50 25 0 25 50 75 TA Free-Air Temperature C Figure 6 100 125 150 125 VKA = Vref TA = 25 C CATHODE CURRENT vs CATHODE VOLTAGE 800 VKA = Vref TA = 25 C CATHODE CURRENT vs CATHODE VOLTAGE Cathode Current ma I KA 100 75 50 25 0 25 50 I KA Cathode Current µ A 600 400 200 0 Imin 75 100 2 1 0 1 2 3 VKA Cathode Voltage V Figure 7 200 1 0 1 VKA Cathode Voltage V Figure 8 2 3 Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the recommended operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices. POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 9
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS I off Off-State Cathode Current µ A 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 OFF-STATE CATHODE CURRENT vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE VKA = 36 V Vref = 0 V ref / V KA mv/v RATIO OF DELTA REFERENCE VOLTAGE TO DELTA CATHODE VOLTAGE vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE 0.85 0.95 1.05 1.15 1.25 1.35 VKA = 3 V to 36 V 0 75 50 25 0 25 50 75 TA Free-Air Temperature C Figure 9 100 125 1.45 75 50 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TA Free-Air Temperature C Figure 10 Equivalent Input Noise Voltage nv/ Hz 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE vs FREQUENCY IO = 10 ma TA = 25 C V n 100 10 100 1 k f Frequency Hz Figure 11 10 k 100 k Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the recommended operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices. 10 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
19.1 V Equivalent Input Noise voltage µv V n 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE OVER A 10-SECOND PERIOD 4 5 f = 0.1 to 10 Hz IKA = 10 ma TA = 25 C 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 t Time s 7 8 9 10 1 kω 500 µf 910 Ω 2000 µf (DUT) 820 Ω 16 Ω 0.1 µf + 160 kω VCC TLE2027 AV = 10 V/mV 16 kω 16 kω 1 µf 1 µf 33 kω 33 kω + VCC TLE2027 AV = 2 V/V To Oscilloscope 22 µf VEE VEE Figure 12. Test Circuit for Equivalent Input Noise Voltage POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 11
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS Small-Signal Voltage Amplification db 60 50 40 30 20 10 SMALL-SIGNAL VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION vs FREQUENCY IKA = 10 ma TA = 25 C Output IKA 15 kω 232 Ω 9 µf + 8.25 kω GND TEST CIRCUIT FOR VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION A V 0 1 k 10 k 100 k 1 M 10 M f Frequency Hz Figure 13 z KA Reference Impedance Ω 100 10 1 IKA = 10 ma TA = 25 C REFERENCE IMPEDANCE vs FREQUENCY 1 kω Output IKA 50 Ω + GND TEST CIRCUIT FOR REFERENCE IMPEDANCE 0.1 1 k 10 k 100 k 1 M 10 M f Frequency Hz Figure 14 12 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS PULSE RESPONSE Input and Output Voltage V 6 5 4 3 2 1 TA = 25 C Input Output Pulse Generator f = 100 khz 220 Ω 50 Ω Output GND TEST CIRCUIT FOR PULSE RESPONSE 0 1 0 1 2 3 4 t Time µs 5 6 7 Figure 15 Cathode Current ma I KA 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 STABILITY BOUNDARY CONDITIONS A VKA = Vref B VKA = 5 V C VKA = 10 V D VKA = 15 Vf Stable A B D C TA = 25 C Stable 150 Ω IKA + CL VBATT TEST CIRCUIT FOR CURVE A IKA R1 = 10 kω 150 Ω 10 0 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 CL Load Capacitance µf The areas under the curves represent conditions that may cause the device to oscillate. For curves B, C, and D, R2 and V+ were adjusted to establish the initial VKA and IKA conditions with CL = 0. VBATT and CL were then adjusted to determine the ranges of stability. 10 CL + R2 VBATT TEST CIRCUIT FOR CURVES B, C, AND D Figure 16 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 13
APPLICATION INFORMATION R (see Note A) Vref R1 R2 VO RETURN NOTE A: R should provide cathode current 1 ma to the at minimum. V O.1 R1 R2.V ref Figure 17. Shunt Regulator Input VIT 2.5 V VO Von 2 V Voff GND Figure 18. Single-Supply Comparator With Temperature-Compensated Threshold R (see Note A) 2N222 30 Ω 2N222 R2 0.01 µf R1 4.7 kω VO V O.1 R1 R2.V ref NOTE A: R should provide cathode current 1 ma to the at minimum. Figure 19. Precision High-Current Series Regulator 14 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
APPLICATION INFORMATION IN ua7805 OUT VO Common R1 R2 V O.1 R1 R2.V ref Minimum V O V ref 5V Figure 20. Output Control of a Three-Terminal Fixed Regulator VO R1 V O.1 R1 R2.V ref R2 Figure 21. High-Current Shunt Regulator VO R1 R2 C (see Note A) NOTE A: Refer to the stability boundary conditions in Figure 16 to determine allowable values for C. Figure 22. Crowbar Circuit POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 15
APPLICATION INFORMATION IN OUT LM317 8.2 kω Adjust 243 Ω VO 5 V, 1.5 A 243 Ω Figure 23. Precision 5-V 1.5-A Regulator Rb (see Note A) 27.4 kω VO 5 V 27.4 kω NOTE A: Rb should provide cathode current 1-mA to the. Figure 24. Efficient 5-V Precision Regulator 12 V 6.8 kω VCC 5 V 10 kω 10 kω 10 kω X Not Used + TL598 Feedback Figure 25. PWM Converter With Reference 16 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
APPLICATION INFORMATION R3 (see Note A) R1A R1B R4 (see Note A) Low Limit.1 R1B R2B.V ref High Limit.1 R1A R2A.V ref R2A R2B LED on When Low Limit < < High Limit NOTE A: R3 and R4 are selected to provide the desired LED intensity and cathode current 1 ma to the at the available. Figure 26. Voltage Monitor 12 V 650 Ω R 2 kω Delay R C I n. 12 V 12 V V ref. Off On C Figure 27. Delay Timer RCL IO I out V ref R CL I KA R1 R1 V I(BATT) I O h FE I KA Figure 28. Precision Current Limiter POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 17
APPLICATION INFORMATION IO RS I O V ref R S Figure 29. Precision Constant-Current Sink 18 POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
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