Changing the economics of space Affordable space based radar for homeland security Adam Baker Brent Abbott Phil Whittaker Rachel Bird Luis Gomes
Summary Why Radar? However: Radar data is expensive Users of radar data Sensor Performance: Resolution and. Delivering radar sensor performance A Value Proposition for DMC-SAR 2
Why radar? Multiple MODIS images May 2006 1. Daily coverage Clouds has significant benefits in cloudy regions, or for dynamic events 2. such as Poor crop growth monitoring light Single DMC image 3
Disaster monitoring from space Constellation mode operation Ultra-wide swath within 100 minutes ALSAT-1 UK-DMC NiSAT-1 BILSAT DMC+4 32m 22m 600km 3 days Daily 4
Radar is expensive! RadarSat-1: 3000kg spacecraft 1500kg payload, 800kg antenna! DMC: 100kg spacecraft, 30kg payload Antenna 1.5kg Mission Customer Launch Mass RadarSat- 1 (1995) ERS-2 (1995) TerraSAR (2007) SAR- LUPE (2007) TecSAR (2008) Canadian govt. Price 3t $650M excl. launch ESA 2.5t $650M DLR 1.2t $120M excl. launch German military Israeli govt. 0.8t 5 $420M incl. launch 0.3t $300M 5
Radar DATA is expensive! Spacecraft Image area (km) Resolution (m) Price ( /km 2 ) RadarSat 300 300 100 100 50 25 TerraSAR-X 100 100 16 25 DMC (optical) 600 600 22 2 And may not cover the area you want 5-40 And isn t always available when you want it 6
Unmet needs for DMC class SAR data Example Applications Ships and ship wakes Rice crop monitoring Flood extents Land slippage Example Customers Homeland security & disaster response agencies Commercial companies operating in the arctic DMC customers, SE Asia Logging, Rainforest ERS-1, ESA EnviSat ESA TerraSAR, Astrium 7
Defining a SAR sensor Performance Resolution, Contrast, Ambiguities Polarimetry (colour) Frequencies Low v.high: Penetration Antenna gain v. size Area coverage rate wide Swath Field of regard (access) Revisit time 50 30 Gain [db] Flexibility Image modes: Stripmap Spotlight, scansar, interferometric, ultra wide area maritime mode X Band C Band S Band L Band Increasing frequency Antenna Diam [m] 10 0.5 1.5 2.5 DMC image LANDSAT image DMC-SAR image 8
Low cost SAR trade-space Resolution driven, <1m GSD Surveillance Flooding, shipping Application Performance Area coverage Revisit rate DMC - SAR Civil / homeland security Customer Smallsats traditionally limited in - Power - Hosting and deploying a large antenna - Downlink rates Military 9
What is DMC-SAR? Performance spec. Frequency S or C (3-5GHz): price driven Polarisation Single HH / HV nice to have Resolution 20m suffices. 10m nice to have. Swath 100km min more is better Modes Stripmap ScanSAR. Not spotlight. Fitting into a low cost launcher! Achieving the Lowest saleable performance is key to the entire affordability concept System approaches DMC-SAR TerraSAR - SSTL AstroSAR -Lite 10
DMC-SAR: configurations Early concept Operational system using SSTL-600 bus 3m Electronics Demonstrator 1m Launch accommodation 11
Business model Bottom up Top-down Element Detail Price $M Bus SAR Sensor Launcher G/S SSTL-300 or -600 Qualified, heritage Falcon-1e baseline SSTL standard & processor 15 <20 11 <2 Ops 5 years <1 <$50M Assumptions, 100min SSO (14 orbits / day) 2% duty cycle (1000km strip) 50% of imagery generated is useful and saleable 100km swath at 30-50m resolution 1.14M km 2 / day 2000M km 2 over life At 5 / km2 >$50M 12
Constellations: value proposition Global imagery with a better than daily revisit, Unaffected by weather & lighting conditions, System robustness >> a single large satellite, Incrementally affordable, attractive to government and commercial customers Number of times Imaged in one day 13