M A R C H 2 6, 2 0 1 8 Sheri DeTomasi 5G New Radio Solutions Lead Keysight Technologies 1
5G Market Trends 5G New Radio Specification and Implications New Measurement Challenges and Redefining Test Summary 2
Market Trends 3
A G G R E S S I V E G O A L S 100X Data Rates 1000X Capacity 100X Densification 1ms Latency Reliability 99.999% 100X Energy Efficiency Source: ITU Recommendation 09/2015 4
I T S A R A C E T O B E F I R S T I N 5 G Aggressive timelines Capturing new business models Keeping cost under control to create ROI Intense competition 5
A B R O A D R A N G E O F N E W S E R V I C E S A N D C O N N E C T I V I T Y Enhanced Mobile Broadband (embb) Ultra Reliability and Low Latency (URLLC) Massive Machine Communication (mmtc) All data, all the time 2 billion people on social media 10-20 Gbps peak data rates Ultra high-reliability Ultra-responsive <1 ms air interface latency 5 ms E2E latency 30 billion things connected Low cost, low energy 10 5 to 10 6 per km2 10-year battery life Rel. 15 (Dec 2017) Courtesy of METIS: 2014 6
Phased approach, first step is 3GPP Radio Layer Specification 5G network will initially work in nonstandalone, then standalone mode epc NSA LTE Assisted LTE RAN 5G RAN 5G network will use a unified air interface concept Sub-6 GHz New mmwave Spectrum Licensed and unlicensed spectrum LTE enb CP+UP NR gnb NSA mode and coexistence 7
5G New Radio Specification and Implications 8
I N I T I A L R E L E A S E D E C 2 0 1 7, F I N A L R E L E A S E L AT E R 2 0 1 8 Waveform & Modulation CP-OFDM (UL/DL): QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM and 256QAM DFT-s-OFDM (UL): π/2-bpsk, 16QAM, 64QAM and 256QAM New Spectrum Sub 6 GHz up to 52.6 GHz Up to 400 MHz Bandwidth Bandwidth Parts enables multiplexing of services Flexible Numerology 15 khz*2 n Sub-carrier spacing 1ms subframe 10 ms Frame Extended Cyclic Prefix Massive MIMO & Beamforming Access Up to 8x8 MIMO Much greater # antennas on gnb than UE Beamsweeping 9
E X P L O S I O N O F T E S T C A S E S 15 khz*2 n sub-carrier spacing 10 ms frame, 1 ms subframe Slot based scheduling 14 OFDM symbols A slot can be uplink, downlink, or flexible New mini-slots can be 2, 4, or 7 OFDM symbols and can start immediately 320 288 4096 0.5 m sec Slots/ Subframe 15 khz OFDM Sym bol 0 OFDM Sym bol 1 OFDM Sym bol 6 OFDM Sym bol 0 1 352 288 4096 30 khz 60 khz 416 288 0 1 2 3 12 13 0 1 4096 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7... 24 25 26 27 0 1 2 3 2 4 544 288 4096 120 khz 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 4 8 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10
B O T H C O M M E R C I A L A N D I N D U S T R I A L A D O P T I O N I N T O M M W AV E 0.6 GHz 2.5 GHz 3.4-3.8 GHz 4.4 4.9 GHz ISM 28 GHz 39 GHz... 64-71 GHz 71 76 GHz Application 5G Secure Link Short-range Automotive Backhaul 5G Next-Gen Frequency <6 GHz 28/39 GHz 50 GHz? 60 GHz (11ad) 60GHz 70 GHz 71-76 GHz 81-86 GHz Bandwidth <2 GHz? 2 GHz >2 GHz 5 GHz? 64-71 GHz 71-76 GHz 100 GHz >100 GHz Country Regulation, Compliance 11
D I F F E R E N T I M P L E M E N TAT I O N S O F M I M O Both sub 6 GHz MIMO and mmwave MIMO will require better beam management and over-the-air validation Deployment Scenario MIMO Order Number of Simultaneous Users Main Benefit Channel Characteristics < 6 GHz mmwave Macro cells High user mobility Up to 8x8 Tens of users Large coverage area Spatial multiplexing Null-forming for reduced interference Rich multipath propagation Small cells Low user mobility Less MIMO order (typically 2x2) A few users Small coverage area Beamforming for single user A few propagation paths Spectral Efficiency High, due to the spatial multiplexing Lower spectral efficiency (few users, high path loss) 12
New Measurement Challenges and Redefining Test 13
S U B 6 G H Z A N D M M W AV E 0.6 GHz 2.5 GHz 3.4-3.8 GHz 4.4 4.9 GHz ISM 28 GHz 39 GHz... 64-71 GHz 71 76 GHz Sub-6 GHz mmwave embb, URLL - massive MIMO to increase capacity and throughput embb - Fixed wireless broadband or low mobility Challenges 5G NR coexistence with LTE and Wi-Fi Multi-mode devices Massive MIMO performance UE battery life Challenges Path loss and blockage @ mmw frequencies Wideband signal quality Initial access and beam management Measurements without connectors 5G New Radio Keysight Challenges MWC18 and Redefining Test 14
E N D - TO- E N D T E S T S 5G Interactive R&D 5G Device Acceptance........ Waveform R&D Protocol R&D RF DVT Functional KPI Protocol Conformance RF/ RRM Conformance Carrier Acceptance Manufacturing Test mmwave Characterization and Verification Over-the-Air Standards Over-the-Air Tests Initial Access and Beam Management Drive Test Over-the-Air Tests Low-cost pass/fail Complex Numerology Throughput 5G New Radio Keysight Challenges MWC18 and Redefining Test 15
E V M I S A G O O D M E A S U R E O F S I G N A L Q U A L I T Y EVM (Error Vector Magnitude): The normalized ratio of the difference between two vectors: IQ measured signal & IQ reference (IQ reference is calculated value) What s considered Good? For the link to work: At the limit for the scenario For component test: 10 db better than the system as a whole For system test: 3 db better than the source from radio standard 16
C H A L L E N G E S A N D T I P S IQ modulator errors DC offsets Gain imbalance Quadrature error Time skew Gain imbalance Skew Phase noise Tips for mmwave Measurements Phase noise OFDM close subcarrier spacing Distortion Overdriving Signal-to-Noise Ratio Wide BW systems with high noise figure coupled with low RF power levels Amplitude flatness and phase linearity Minimize signal generation errors correcting for IQ modulation, phase noise, flatness and linearity errors Ensure adequate antenna gain Select test equipment with EVM and Signal-to-Noise Radio better than your DUT Ensure proper use of cables, connectors for the frequency Perform system level calibration to ensure measurement at DUT plane 17
Challenge: Verify performance in- and out-of-band to reduce interference How will the waveforms interact? How much out of band suppressions will be required? How much guard band will be required? How can different scenarios be explored? Solution: Waveform 1 Waveform 2. Waveform n Wideband Source Wideband Analyzer 18
Challenge: Understanding MIMO and Beamforming real-world performance including handover and throughput Beam creation with proper phase and magnitude relationship Emulate real-world conditions Understanding test cases for different network scenarios Multi-Channel Source Channel Emulation Emulate Network Test Cases 19
Device testing in previous generations (<3GHz) almost exclusively tested using connectors & cables Antenna testing slowly being introduced: SISO UE RF Tests (c.2001) Base Station Active Antenna System (AAS) Tests (2016) MIMO UE Performance Tests (2017) Introduction of mmw bands for 5G: A paradigm shift in how devices and systems are tested Testing of mmwave 5G devices and systems will be almost exclusively OTA 20
Direct Far Field Compact Ranges Near-Field Scanning Chamber Absorber D U T Measurement Distance = far field 2D2 λ Probe antenna Precision reflector Positioner Image courtesy of NSI-MI Image courtesy of NSI-MI Antenna beam pattern characterization Beamforming/beamsteering validation RF parametric tests (if S/N high enough) Subject to higher path loss Can get very large & expensive Antenna beam pattern characterization Beamforming/beamsteering validation RF parametric tests Small footprint, Lowest path loss Rx spatial field generation not defined Antenna beam pattern characterization Beamforming/beamsteering validation RF parametric tests Only on-axis blocking sources possible 21
Challenge: Cost effective mmwave OTA tests Wideband transceiver test solution with mmwave antenna provides fast, accurate RF performance validation. Integrated 5G RF parametric measurements Generate Signal Studio Pro for 5G NR Test X-Series App 5G NR Automate PathWave Test Automation Test Platform mmwave transceiver tunable to 28 and 39 GHz Two duplex ports for testing multiple devices 5G performance: < 1% EVM 5G New Radio Keysight Challenges MWC18 and Redefining Test 22
E N D - TO- E N D T E S T S 5G Interactive R&D 5G Device Acceptance........ Waveform R&D Protocol R&D RF DVT Functional KPI Protocol Conformance RF/ RRM Conformance Carrier Acceptance Manufacturing Test Network Analysis Waveform Testbed Network Emulator Channel Emulator mmwave OTA Solutions Interactive 5G stack and tools with common scripting engine 5G New Radio Keysight Challenges MWC18 and Redefining Test Common measurement science, logging and automation 23
BTS* Emulation From hardware to software Drive Test Customer Experience Management Chipset and Device Workflow Solutions Protocol R&D RF/RRM DVT Functional KPI Virtual Drive Testing Carrier Acceptance RF/ RRM Conformance Protocol Conformance Manufacturing Tools Stack Layers Layers 5, 6, 7 Layers 2, 3, 4 Mobile Device Test Mobile Network Test Network and Application Testing, Visibility and Security Layer 1 Electrical, RF & Optical Test Channel Emulation Keysight Classic Keysight MWC18 Ixia Anite 24
5G NR will exist in both sub-6 GHz and mmwave frequency Bands Coexistence, Massive MIMO, Beamforming, OTA measurements will introduced new measurement challenges Ensure proper set up and equipment for given frequency Understand how you can leverage the ecosystem Find more measurement tips and tools at www.keysight.com/find/5g 25
Master the complexities of 5G New Radio so you can accelerate your 5G designs Thank You! 26