Volume 4, Iue 2, Setember (2015) A Comrehenive Simulation Study o Dual band Planar Inverted-F Antenna Chinchu Jacob Reearch Scholar, Deartment o ECE., SNGCE Kadayiruu, Kolenchery, Kerala, India Neethu Bhakaran Aitant Proeor, Deartment o ECE, SNGCE Kadayiruu, Kolenchery, Kerala, India Abtract Thi aer reent a comrehenive theoretical and imulation tudy o dual band Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) involving major arameter which may aect the PIFA characteritic. It i ound that characteritic o PIFA are aected by a variou arameter including the length, width oition and height o the to late, ground lane dimenion, width and oition o horting in/late and width and oition o eeding in/late. In thi aer ome o the imortant arameter like width o eed late, width o horting late, dimenion o to late and dimenion o lot are tudied uing imulation otware under the multiband antenna concet. Thee reult are very ueul or Deigning multiband Planar inverted- F antenna. Index Term Planar inverted F antenna, Multiband antenna, arametric tudy, Low roile antenna. 1. INTRODUCTION For wirele ortable device and mobile communication device, the Microtri Patch Antenna are reerably elected due to their low roile characteritic, low coat, eay abrication and ortable tructure. But till they have the area to imrove their bandwidth and to reduce their ize, to make thee more comact. Thu, Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) ha come into interet. The Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) can be oberved a evolved rom two well-known antenna, namely microtri atch antenna and quarter-wavelength monoole antenna. Now, PIFA i widely ued in handheld and mobile alication due to it attractive eature uch a low-roile, lightweight, imle deign, low-cot, conormal nature,low eciic abortion rate (SAR) and good erormance [1-4]. PIFA i alo conidered a one o the trong candidate or multile inut multile outut (MIMO) ytem [5], [6]. From the literature, it i ound that the characteritic o PIFA are aected by many arameter like dimenion o ground lane, the width, length and height o to radiating late, the oition o PIFA on ground lane, width o the eed late, width o the horting late etc. Variou arametric analyi are there in literature [7]. In thi aer a comrehenive imulation tudy o the eect o ollowing arameter in the bandwidth and reonating requency o the dual band PIFA i carried out. 1. Dimenion o the to radiating late 2. Dimenion o the lot 3. Width o the eed late 4. Width o the horting late. The remainder o thi aer i organized a ollow. Section 2 dicue the related work in the literature. Baic tructure o dual band PIFA under tudy and it baic deign equation are reented in ection 3, which i ollowed in Section IV by imulation tudy o eect o variou arameter on reonant requency and bandwidth o PIFA and it reult. Section V reent our concluion. 2. RELATED WORK The reent reearch work in Planar inverted F antenna technology are mainly ocued in the ollowing area: 1) Theoretical and ractical Study o variou characteritic and arameter o PIFA 2) Bandwidth enhancement o PIFA, Multi band oeration and miniaturization. 3) Ue o PIFA a an array element. 4) Electromagnetic interaction o PIFA with uer hand and body. The inherent narrowband roerty o the PIFA can be imroved by variou method. To widen the bandwidth, one o the imle method i increae the height o the PIFA [8]. But it i not a ractical olution in many cae a it increae the overall ize o the antenna and hence ize o device. Size o the ground lane, oition o the to late on the ground lane alo aect bandwidth. When radiating late laced near the edge o the ground lane, PIFA give maximum bandwidth [9]. Other method are changing the eed and hortening late/in [10] and adding araitic element [11]. Human body interaction o PIFA i a hot toic in literature. It i oberved that the characteritic o PIFA are lightly changed when interact with human body [12]. The comarion o SAR value o PIFA with common tye handheld antenna like helical, atch and monoole antenna how that PIFA ha low SAR value [13]. ISSN: 2395-5317 EverScience Publication 9
Volume 4, Iue 2, Setember (2015) 3. ANTENNA CONFIGURATION For thi tudy, we deign a dual band antenna which work on requencie 1.57 GHz and 3.5 GHz. Deign o 1.5 GHz i baed on the ollowing baic equation rom [3]. c c (1) ( W L ) 4 Where 0 the oerating/reonant requency, c i i the eed o light, W i the width, L i the length o the radiating late o the PIFA. 0 c 3W 5.6L 3.7h 3W 3.7W 4.3L 2.5L (2). b where W i the width, L i the length o the o radiating late, h i the height o the PIFA, W i the eed width, W i the horting late width, L b i the the horizontal ditance between horting late and eed late, L i the ditance between the horting late and the edge o to late. For creating econd reonant requency, a lot i made in the radiating late. The total length o the lot i deigned a hal wavelength o the econd reonating requency. The tructure o the rooed antenna ater otimization or adjuting the reonant requency i hown in the two igure below. Figure 1 how the three dimenional view and igure 2 how the to view o the rooed dual band PIFA. The dimenion o the dual band antenna are hown in the table 1. Parameter Value(mm) Parameter Value(mm) Figure 1: Three Dimenional view o the dual band antenna L g 50 W 2.5 W g 35 W 2 L 23 L 1 10 W 18 L 2 15.2 Height 5.9 Table 1: Dimenion o the Dual band PIFA Figure 2: To view o the Dual band antenna ISSN: 2395-5317 EverScience Publication 10
Volume 4, Iue 2, Setember (2015) 4. SIMULATION STUDY The rocedure adoted or thi imulation tudy i that only one arameter i changed at a time while all other arameter are held contant to oberve it eect on the PIFA characteritic. The oerational requency range rom 1 GHz to 4 GHz i conidered and ue Finite Element method or imulation tudy. 4.1 Dimenion o the to radiating late Firt, change are made in the length and width o the rectangular to late and their eect are noted on the characteritic o PIFA, eecially in reonant requency and bandwidth. The length o the to late i varied rom 21mm to 26mm with an increment o 1mm. The imulated reult are hown in the igure below aected by change in dimenion o to late while only very mall change in the econd reonating requency. The Bandwidth o the both the band are not aected by the change in dimenion o the to radiating late. 4.2 Dimenion o the lot We know that the lot on the to radiating late create the econd reonating requency (3.5GHz).To tudy the eect o length o the lot in the reonating requency and bandwidth o PIFA, the length L 2 i varie rom 10.5mm to 15.5mm with an increment o 1mm. The imulation reult are hown below in term o S 11 veru requency. Figure 3: S11 or dierent value o L. (a) eect on dual band, (b) cloe-u view o eect on irt 1.5GHz band and (c) Cloe u view o eect on econd band 3.5GHz PIFA i a quarter wavelength antenna, o increae in length or width o to radiating late will caue a decreae in reonant requency and vice vera. It i conirmed rom the imulation reult alo. A we know that the dimenion o the to radiation late decide the irt reonating requency, the reonating requency o irt band (1.5GHz) i eriouly Figure 4: SLY or dierent ALL. (a) Eect on both band, (b) eect on econd band (cloe u view) From the reult, it i clear that the length o lot decide the econd reonant requency. A length o the lot L 2 increae, the reonating requency decreae and band width remain aroximately ame. The L 1+L 2 will decide the econd reonating requency. 4.3 Width o the eed Now, to tudy the eect o width o the eed late, varied the eed width W rom 1.5mm to 4mm with an increment o 0.5mm. The reult in term o S 11 are hown below igure. ISSN: 2395-5317 EverScience Publication 11
Volume 4, Iue 2, Setember (2015) 1.5mm to 4mm with an increment o 0.5mm. The reult are hown in the ollowing igure. Figure 5: S11 or dierent eed width. (a) Eect on entire requency range, (b) eect on irt band, (c) eect on econd band (3.5GHz) From the reult, we can undertand that, a width o the eed increae the reonant requency on both band are lightly increae. But, the bandwidth o the antenna igniicantly increae with increae in eed width. The bandwidth enhancement i more dominant in econd band than irt 4.4 Width o the horting late Lat arameter we conidered or thi tudy i width o the hortening late. The width o horting late i varied rom Figure 6: S11 or dierent horting late width. (a) Eect on both band, (b) eect on 1.5GHz band, (c) eect on 3.5GHz The width o horting late i aected both the From the above reult, it i cleared that a horting late width increae, the reonating requency on both the band are lightly increaing. A horting late width increae, u to 2mm, the band width and the relection coeicient are increae and ater 2mm, bandwidth and relection coeicient are decreae. So good erormance needed the horting late 5. CONCLUSION We have hown that the Planar inverted F antenna characteritic are aected by many arameter. The concluion are ummarized a ollow: By increaing the dimenion o the to radiating late, the reonant requency decreae. In the cae ISSN: 2395-5317 EverScience Publication 12
Volume 4, Iue 2, Setember (2015) o dual band antenna, change in dimenion o the to late are motly aected in the lower requency By increaing the width o the horting late / eed late, the reonant requency decreae in both The width o the eed late i igniicantly aected the bandwidth o the PIFA. A eed late increae the bandwidth o the PIFA alo increae. The increae in bandwidth i more in higher requency The width o the horting late i aected on reonant requency and bandwidth o the PIFA. To get maximum bandwidth, eed width mut be an otimum value. The reonant requency o higher band i decide by the length o the lot in the radiating atch. REFERENCES [1] Hiraawa, Kazuhiro, and Miao Haneihi, ed. Analyi, deign, and meaurement o mall and low-roile antenna. Artech Houe on Demand, 1992. [2] Balani, Contantine A., ed. Modern antenna handbook. John Wiley & Son, 2011. [3] P. S. Hall, E. Lee and C. T. P. Song, Planar Inverted-F Antenna, Chater 7, In: by R. Waterhoue, Ed., Printed Antenna or Wirele Communication, John Wiley & Son, Hoboken, 2007. [4] Y. Huang and K. Boyle, Antenna: From Theory to Practice, John Wiley & Son, Hoboken, 2008. [5] Y. Gao, C. C. Chiau, X. Chen and C. G. Parini, A Com- act Dual- Element PIFA Array or MIMO Terminal, Loughborough Antenna & Proagation Conerence, Loughborough, 4-5 Aril 2005. [6] Y. Gao, C. C. Chiau, X. Chen and C. G. Parini, A Com- act Dual- Element PIFA Array or MIMO Terminal, Loughborough Antenna & Proagation Conerence, Loughborough, 4-5 Aril 2005. [7] Chattha, Haan Tariq, et al. "An emirical equation or redicting the reonant requency o lanar inverted-f antenna." Antenna and Wirele Proagation Letter, IEEE 8 (2009): 856-860. [8] Liu, Duixian, and Brian Gaucher. "The inverted-f antenna height eect on bandwidth." Antenna and Proagation Society International Symoium, 2005 IEEE. Vol. 2. IEEE, 2005. [9] Chattha, Haan Tariq, et al. "A comrehenive arametric tudy o lanar inverted-f antenna." (2012). [10] Chattha, Haan Tariq, Yi Huang, and Yang Lu. "PIFA bandwidth enhancement by changing the width o eed and horting late." Antenna and Wirele Proagation Letter, IEEE 8 (2009): 637-640. [11] Chattha, H. T., et al. "Further bandwidth enhancement o PIFA by adding a araitic element." Antenna & Proagation Conerence, 2009. LAPC 2009. Loughborough. IEEE, 2009. [12] Khodabakhhi, Hamid, and Ahmad Cheldavi. "Numerical analyi o human head interaction with PIFA antenna in cellular mobile communication." Progre In Electromagnetic Reearch B 22 (2010): 359-377. [13] Faruque, MR Iqbal, Mohammad Tariqul Ilam, and Norbahiah Miran. "SAR analyi in human head tiue or dierent tye o antenna." World Alied Science Journal 11.9 (2010): 1089-1096. Author M. Chinchu Jacob received her B.Tech Degree in Electronic and Communication Engineering rom Calicut Univerity, Kerala, India in 2012. She i currently uruing her M.Tech Degree in Communication Engineering rom Mahatma Gandhi Univerity, Kottayam, Kerala, India. Her reearch interet include Antenna Deign, wirele communication and Eect o mobile hone radiation on human health. M. Neethu Bhakaran i an Engineering Graduate in Electronic and Communication Engineering rom Mahatma Gandhi Univerity. Did her mater M.Tech in Communication Engineering rom Amal Jyothi College o Engineering, MG Univerity. At reent he i aociated with Electronic and Communication Deartment, SNGCE, Kolenchery. Her working area include High Frequency Circuit Deign. ISSN: 2395-5317 EverScience Publication 13