Latest developments and future prospects of research in KAP K B Yoon Korea enter for Artificial Photosynthesis
Korea enter for Artificial Photosynthesis Established on Sep 30, 2009, Supported by NRF and MST KAP Goal Develop science and technology for commercialization of artificial photosynthesis
Participants 14 Professors from 8 Universities Sogang University 5 Yonsei University 2 UNIST 2 KAIST 1 PSTEH 1 Hanyang University 1 Inha University 1 Kyungpook National University 1 1 Industry Pohang Steel ompany (PS) 1
PSFrancisco Hall
PSFrancisco Hall
Longterm approaches (by 2050) Artificial Leaf A Artificial Leaf B Molecular Enzyme 6
Shortterm approaches (by 2025) Solar cell/water electrolysis/ 2 reduction 1) ER (overpotential, Tafel slope, price) 2) HER (overpotential, Tafel slope, price) nanoparticle/water photolysis/ 2 reduction 1) Water reduction catalyst (heterogeneous) 2) H reduction catalyst (heterogeneous) 7
Types of research in KAP Water splitting 2 reduction 2 capture Solar cell Electrochemical (HER, ER Electrodes) Artificial Leaf (Assembly) Molecular Enzyme (Mechanism) Electrochemical (H 2 ) Photochemical (Sacrificial Donor) Thermal (H 2 ) Microbiological (H 2 ) Artificial Leaf (H 2 ) Molecular Enzyme (SD and H 2 ) Physisorption DSS IGS
verpotential ( ) verpotential ( ) verpotential ( ) urrent density (A/cm 2 ) urrent density (A/cm 2 ) urrent density (A/cm 2 ) Electrocatalytic Activity and Tafel plots of KAP and Pt HER Electrodes a 0.0 0.2 0.5 M H 2 S 4 1 M Na 2 S 4 1 M KH b c Pt plate KAP/ SUS 0.0 0.2 Pt plate KAP/ SUS 0.0 0.2 Pt plate KAP/ SUS 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.8 d 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 E / V vs. RHE E /V vs. RHE E /V vs. RHE 1.0 0.25 Pt plate e Pt plate f Pt plate 0.3 KAP/SUS Pt/Pd/Pt/ETS10/SUS 0.8 Pt/Pd/Pt/ETS10/SUS KAP/SUS KAP/SUS Pt/Pd/Pt/ETS10/SUS 0.20 302 mv/dec 411 mv/dec 149 mv/dec 0.6 0.15 0.2 85 mv/dec 68 mv/dec 0.10 0.4 52 mv/dec 76 mv/dec 28 mv/dec 14 mv/dec 0.1 156 mv/dec 0.05 0.2 84 mv/dec 38 mv/dec 55 mv/dec 28 mv/dec 0.00 0.0 393 mv/dec 0.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 log (A / cm 2 ) log (A / cm 2 ) log (A / cm 2 ) 9
0.6 0.4 Acidic condition Basic condition Bright Ni Nio (V) 0.2 Bright NiMo Bright NiMo Ru 2 Ir 2 NiMod NiFe NiMo 0.0 5 4 3 2 1 0 log j (A/cm 2 ) 10
j / (ma/cm 2 ) 18 15 12 Under AM 1.5G 100 mw cm 2. STH = 18.6 % (1.73, 15.1) Triple junction PV 30.2 cm 2 9 6 3 J sc = 15.1 ma/cm 2 V oc = 2.64 V ff = 0.82 = 32.8 % 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 V / volts
Reported STH efficiency (%) SolartoHydrogen onversion Efficiencies 20 PV and catalyst configuration 18 16 14 2J, integrated PVs and catalysts 2J, integrated PVs, wired catalyst 2J, series connected PVs or catalysts 3J, integrated PVs and catalysts 3J, integrated PVs, wired catalyst 3J, series connected PVs or catalysts KAP 12 10 8 6 PV materials All IIIV Partial IIIV All silicon Partial Si xides and other 4 2 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
j / (ma/cm 2 ) 18 15 (1.73, 15.1) KAP DSS 12 STH = 18.6 % 9 6 3 J sc = 15.1 ma/cm 2 V oc = 2.64 V ff = 0.82 = 32.8 % onventional plain 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 V / volts 13
Grätzel et al. Science. 2014 14
cathode cathode Barrier 2 attracting Porous layer 2 Electrolyte Solution 2 2 2 2 2 2 Electrolyte Solution Requires a hydrophobic porous layer which attracts 2. 15
SGU29 the 2 sorbent from humid flue gas Si Si u 83.9 o 96.1 o u1 u2 u1 u3 u1 1 µm 5 µm
SA normalized H 2 uptake (cm 3 /m 2 ) a 1.2 1.0 0.8 SIFSIX3Zn SIFSIX 3u 0.6 NaX NiDBD 0.4 MgDBD b UTSA16 0.2 SGU29 0.0 0.01 0.1 1 Relative pressure (p/p 0 ) 0% RH, flue gas 1.2 N 2, 2 1.2 c N 2, 2 90% RH, flue gas A / 0 0.8 0.4 SIFSIX3Zn NaX NiDBD SIFSIX3u MgDBD SGU29 A / 0 0.8 0.4 MgDBD UTSA16 NaX SIFSIX3Zn NiDBD SIFSIX3u SGU29 0.0 2 UTSA16 0.0 2 0 120 240 360 480 Time (min cm 3 ) 0 120 240 360 480 Time (min cm 3 ) Science 2015 17
Science 2015 18 SGU29 aptures both 2 and H 2
Dehydration 2 capture SGU29 2 free air 2 free air Expensive Process Economical Process 19
cathode cathode Barrier SGU29 as 2 attracting Porous layer 2 Electrolyte Solution 2 2 2 2 2 2 Electrolyte Solution Requires a hydrophobic porous layer which attracts 2. 20
Types of research in KAP Water splitting 2 reduction 2 capture Solar cell Electrochemical (HER, ER Electrodes) Artificial Leaf (Assembly) Molecular Enzyme (Mechanism) Electrochemical (H 2 ) Photochemical (Sacrificial Donor) Thermal (H 2 ) Microbiological (H 2 ) Artificial Leaf (H 2 ) Molecular Enzyme (SD and H 2 ) Physisorption DSS IGS
Longterm approaches (by 2040) Artificial Leaf A Artificial Leaf B Molecular Enzyme 22
Shortterm approaches (by 2025) products Solar cell / water electrolysis 1) ER (overpotential, Tafel slope, price) 2) HER (overpotential, Tafel slope, price) Solar cell / 2 reduction 1) ER (overpotential, Tafel slope, price) 2) 2 reduction catalyst (selectivity) 23
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