Ndwakhulu Mukhufhi CEO
Outline of Talk Africa Continent of Wonders (+ve & ve) Challenges in Emerging Economies The Intra African System of Metrology The CIPM MRA in Africa What is Needed to grow Metrology?
Africa, the continent of Wonders Africa is a Continent of Wonders The biggest man made lake (by surface area) in the World *www.cmich.edu/images, **www.intute.ac.uk/worldguide/satellite
Africa, the continent of Wonders Spectacular temples and monuments, thousands of years old www.wayfaring.info
Africa, the continent of Wonders The most spectacular wild migration I've seen the moving migrating wild animals blanketing the African landscape as far as my eye could see. www.serengeti.org
Africa, the continent of Wonders The bulk of the World s platinum, gold, diamonds and many other minerals 90% of platinum metals 60% of diamonds 50% of gold ALL other minerals http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/sub saharan africa mineral resources and political instability
Africa the World of Wonders The wealth map of the world
Africa, the continent of Wonders It is the World s poorest continent, 25 of its nations ranks amongst the least developed in the world http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/sub saharan africa mineral resources and political instability
Africa, the continent of Wonders But there is hope! "For the first time in about almost 30 years we've seen a large number of African countries that have begun to show sustained economic growth at rates that are similar to those in the rest of the developing world and actually today exceed the rate of growth in most of the advanced economies Donald Page, chief economist for Africa, World bank www.uneca.org; Economic Report on Africa 2009
Challenges in Emerging Economies in Africa Africa s economy relies on agriculture, minerals/metals and oil Agriculture; Cocoa, coffee, sesame, cassava, nuts, honey, cotton, fruits and vegetables, spices, flowers and plants, wood, essential oils, seafood and gastropods Minerals/metals; gold, platinum, diamonds, copper, coal and most other metals Oil and natural gas Manufacturing; mostly SA, Kenya, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia
Challenges in Emerging Economies in Africa Oil and natural gas Accounts for 13% of world production Expected to rise to 30% Most exported as crude oil, little benefit to populace www.energyinsights.net/cgi script/csarticles/articles/
Challenges in Emerging Economies in Africa Minerals and Metals Produces more than 60 metal and mineral products Host 30% of world s major metals 90% of worlds PGM reserves Little beneficiation www.energyinsights.net/cgi script/csarticles/articles/
Challenges in Emerging Economies in Africa Intra trade SADC EAC COMESA In 2013 African exports decreased with 6%. The top trading partner regions for Africa are still the European Union, Asia and the United States Intra trade among African Countries is very low estimated at around 12% Intra trade among EU members is about 70% Trade among Asian countries is around 52% Intra trade for North American countries is 50% http://image.slidesharecdn.com/6intra africatradeabebeabebayehu 131115083148 phpapp01/95/egk13 intra africa trade abebe abebayehu 3 638.jpg?cb=1384525955
Quality infrastructure in Africa is needed for: a) Capacity Development of relevant bodies in standardisation, measurement, conformity assessment and accreditation in a more unified way; b) Enhancement of consumer protection and improvement of living standards of the citizens of Africa in line with MDGs; c) Support of African technical regulatory framework with a view to removing unnecessary technical barriers to trade; d) A common quality policy and quality infrastructure will be realized at a continental level to facilitate economic integration of Africa; e) Cost effective standards, measurement, conformity assessment and accreditation services in Africa will be realized; f) It will provide a platform for the participation of African countries in quality infrastructure activities and exchange of knowledge in the fields of interest to boost inter-africa and intra- African industrialization and trade; g) Fast tracking the adoption and implementation of common policies on measurement, standardization, conformity assessment and accreditation among Member States to promote industrialisation and trade in Africa; h) Harmonization of Regional Economic Community standards and conformity assessment procedures as well as accreditation to enhance market access and global trade around the WTO procedures; http://www.paqi.org/
Challenges for Metrology in Emerging Economies in Africa Customs problems some artefacts stuck in customs for nearly 6 months Travel difficult not all countries connected by air www.energyinsights.net/cgi script/csarticles/articles/
Africa is not a country Source: Kai Krause, Public Domain/Creative Commons But a BIG CONTINENT
AFRIMETS was officially accepted as a RMO by the CIPM in October 2008 1999 2008 (SADCMET) 2008 (AFRIMETS)
Infrastructure Development Strategy The creation of metrology infrastructure in AFRIMETS is grouped into three main categories Continental: High level capabilities at CMC level NMIs Regional: National: Medium level capabilities, Leading regional capabilities Fit for purpose capabilities per country A tailor made Strategy for each Sub RMO
Metrology Strategy Implemented at 2 distinct levels; International acceptance International Trade (RMO level) Strengthen the AFRIMETS Institution Strengthen Leading NMIs and LMIs and shorten the Traceability Chain Provide the link to the Int measurement system Basic Capabilities Intra trade (SRMO level) Develop basic LM and Industrial M in SRMO members Strengthen the SRMO institution Develop leading LMI/NMIs to provide the link to the RMO
Skills Development Strategy Strategy: Pan African events, Metrology schools, database of trainers; Develop the AFRIMETS website as a database of SQMT documents; Develop e training modules; Attachment programme, experts to institutes, scholarships and mentoring; Training of African Metrologists at other NMIs and the BIPM Metrology Schools (Every 2 3 Years) Physical Quantities (Every 4 5 Years) MiC (Every 4 5 Years) TC Mass workshop TC Electrical workshop, etc TC Organic, Bio, Gas, micro, etc.
the members (2012)
the members (2011) Associate Members (7) LNE, France PTB, Germany NIRPS (National Institute of Radiation Protection and Research (Nigeria) GRPI (Ghana Radiation Protection Institute) TAEC (Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission) Madagascar-INSTN IAEA Sudanese nuclear agency Arab Gulf countries invited to participate Observers (4) EURAMET, APMP CAFMET (Comité Africain de Métrologie) AFM (Arab Federation for Metrology) AFSEC (African Electrotechnical Standardization Commission) Ordinary Members The Gambia Sierra Leone
Impact of the CIPM MRA Awareness creation The creation of RMOs is arguably the biggest benefit / success of the CIPM MRA Marketing of the CIPM MRA in Africa had a positive influence on governments. For example the Kenyan government approved funding for metrology in Chemistry and biochemistry shortly after a CIPM MRA workshop in Kenya Development of Measurement capability The information flow from the JCRB and CCs to the RMO TCs greatly assists in the identification of measurement gaps in national metrology systems and the development of measurement capabilities
Impact of the CIPM MRA Total Quality Management Systems The requirements of the CIPM MRA for a Quality system in support of CMCs greatly increased the focus on the implementation of quality systems based on ISO 17025 and related standards/guides in African NMIs Harmonisation between Regions Before the CIPM MRA very little harmonisation of procedures etc. exists between the different regions in the world. The JCRB introduced harmonisation of the review of Quality Systems, etc.
Infrastructure Development Strategy KCDB The KCDB Appendix C provided an internationally accessible repository of the calibration and measurement capabilities of NMIs, as well as of higher order CRMs. Before 1999, no such comprehensive repository existed Visibility to clients (accreditors, assessors, regional NMIs seeking calibration, etc.) Appendix C greatly improved the visibility of the capabilities and services of the NMIs, both to laboratories and NMIs seeking calibration and to assessors conducting assessments
Infrastructure Development Strategy Marketing of the services of NMIs Appendix C is in essence an international marketing tool for NMIs database Harmonisation between Regions Acceptance of country measurement capabilities The KCDB made it easier to identify calibration capabilities of other NMIs and with the ILAC agreement, creates a system whereby the calibration certificates and certificates of analysis can be accepted amongst trading partners in sub regions
Members of the BIPM and Associates of the CGPM
AFRIMETS Members/Associates/CIPM MRA Member Country Members of the BIPM Associates of the CGPM Signatories to CIPM MRA Egypt X X South Africa X X Kenya X X Tunisia X X Botswana X X Ghana X X Mauritius X X Namibia X X Seychelles X X Zambia X X Zimbabwe X X
Metrology Institute Categorisation 2007 2014
Metrology Institute Categorisation High Level (participating in the CIPM MRA) Metrology facilities Legal Metrology and Industrial and Scientific Metrology facilities Legal Metrology and establishing Scientific metrology facilities Only Legal or no Metrology facilities
Legal Metrology Categorisation 2007 2014
Scientific Metrology Categorisation 2007 2014
Conclusion The CIPM MRA had a positive effect on the development of metrology in Africa More training is needed in Scientific Metrology Scientific Metrology can assist the continent to move up the value chain: from importer to exporter The assistance of the BIPM and other NMIs to assist with the development of Metrologists in Emerging Economies is crucial
Conclusion Welcomes the Visitor programme at BIPM and trust that other NMIs will also realise the benefit to Emerging Economies the proposed BIPM Visitor Programme and hopes the major countries will recognise there is also value to them through strengthening the RMOs.