ADVANCES in NATURAL and APPLIED SCIENCES ISSN: 1995-0772 Published BYAENSI Publication EISSN: 1998-1090 http://www.aensiweb.com/anas 2017 Special 11(4): pages 1-7 Open Access Journal Data Acquisition System To Detect Partial Earth Fault Tampering And To Monitor Energy Usage Using Smart Energy Meter 1 Anushree. S.V, 2 T. Shanthi, 3 Dr. S. U. Prabha, 4 Dr. D. Rajalakshmi 1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Kumaraguru College of Technology Coimbatore, India. 2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Kumaraguru College of Technology Coimbatore, India. 3 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sri Ramakrishna College of Engineering Coimbatore, India. 4 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Kumaraguru College of Technology Coimbatore, India. Received 28 January 2017; Accepted 22 April 2017; Available online 1 May 2017 Address For Correspondence: Anushree. S.V, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Kumaraguru College of Technology Coimbatore, India E-mail: anu.sairam3893@gmail.com Copyright 2017 by authors and American-Eurasian Network for ScientificInformation (AENSI Publication). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ABSTRACT Power theft is the major threatening event to the Electricity department as it decreases the revenue of the department. This in turn is a huge obstacle to the development of India. As technology develops, it is used for both good and bad deeds. This paper provides a easiest way to detect the theft which is done in an undisclosed manner by the intelligent customers. The paper proposes a system which is used to detect Partial Earth Fault Tampering using smart energy meter. Current Transformer sensor and Voltage sensor is used to sense the incoming current and voltage. These values are fed into the microcontroller. The microcontroller with inbuilt data acquisition system is used to store the values which then compared to detect the variation in the pulses. These variations are detected as theft and the values are transmitted to the mobile application via Bluetooth technology and also get updated into the web page using Internet of Things technology. KEYWORDS: Power theft, Partial Earth Fault Tampering, Current Transformer Sensor, Data acquisition system, mobile application, Bluetooth technology and Internet of Things. INTRODUCTION Stealing the electricity is done by various ways in order to avoid getting caught red handed by the authorities. With the development in technology the canny customers implement extraordinary ways to steal electricity in an undisclosed manner. According to a study India accounts for nearly $16.2 billion in losses[1]. This is due to the intelligent customers who escape by not paying the amount for the exact amount of their consumption units. They escape by number of ways such as by connecting the power lines before the energy meter to avoid the units being recorded by the meter. The greedy customers are mainly inclined to save their money but least bothered about the society. They are unaware how these loses will reduce the growth of the country both economically and technically. They don t realize that the technology should be used in good way to increase both their level and country s status in world class economy and politics. One way by which an electronic meter is tampered is Partial Earth Fault Tampering. In this proposed system microcontroller ATMEGA 328-P plays the vital role as it is inbuilt with data acquisition system. Data acquisition system is mainly used to store the data and then compare those data for detecting variations between those data. Current transformer is another important feature of this paper as it is used to record exact values of incoming current[2]. Bluetooth technology is used as it is easiest way to exchange values within certain range. The Bluetooth ToCite ThisArticle: Anushree. S.V, T. Shanthi, Dr. S. U. Prabha, Dr. D. Rajalakshmi., Data Acquisition System To Detect Partial Earth Fault Tampering And To Monitor Energy Usage Using Smart Energy Meter. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences. 11(5); Pages: 1-7
2 Anushree. S.V et al., 2017/Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences. 11(5) Special 2017, Pages: 1-7 technology used in this paper is inspired from the work of Bluetooth fitness band[3]. Internet of Things technology is used to update the values to the web server. Existing Theft: There are several ways to combat electricity theft. The easiest way to steal electricity is to use hook technology directly from the transmission line which leads to great revenue loss to the electricity department. But it can easily be detected by the common man and authorities of electricity department. So the smart customers steal electricity in anundisclosed manner called Partial Earth Fault Tampering. In this the customers who want to steal electricity in order to escape by paying excess amount beyond their income. In this technique, unauthorized load (i.e.) heavy load such as heating load like grinder, iron box, water heater, motor are connected between phase and earth. By connecting the load in this manner, the meter is unable to record the current consumed by the heavy loads [2][4]. Fig. 1: Partial Earth Fault Tampering Proposed Smart Meter: Smart energy meter is one which is able to compare the signals using data acquisition system inbuilt in Microcontroller. Current Transformer Sensor plays a vital role in sensing the current from power meter to the load. It is mainly used to measure the alternating current that flows through a conductor. Since CT sensor can measure the voltage drop across the resistor at low loss it is highly recommended. This is because there is no capacitance loss, winding loss and core loss. Fig. 2: Low tension Current Transformer The proposed meter uses CT sensor to measure current from the meter to the load and voltage sensor is used to measure the voltage from the main supply. Microcontroller is the hero of this project. ATMEGA 328-P is used because it has many inbuilt features. They are: 1. 32Kbytes of In-System Programmable Flash (ROM)with Read-While-Write capabilities. 2. 1Kbytes EEPROM 3. 2Kbytes SRAM 4. 23 general purpose I/O lines
3 Anushree. S.V et al., 2017/Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences. 11(5) Special 2017, Pages: 1-7 5. 6-channel 10-bit ADC (Analog ) 6. 14 Digital I/O s 7. Serial programmable USART 8. SPI and IIC Protocol Fig. 3: Block diagram of the proposed system In the proposed system the Microcontroller ATMEGA 328-P is the heart of the system. In this, the CT sensor, sense the incoming current and it has the salient ability to provide proportionally equivalent signals. These signals in turn gets stored in to the data acquisition system which is inbuilt in the microcontroller. The microcontroller timely monitors the signals stored in the data acquisition system. When unauthorized load is connected the signals from the CT sensor vary from that of the original signals stored from the authorized connection. These variations reveal that there exists unauthorized connection and theft of electricity has been going on. The microcontroller transfer these differences as digital signal to the mobile application via Bluetooth transceiver. The user can get information from the mobile application and these values are also updated to the web server. Fig. 4: Circuit measuring current and voltage by means of ADC interfacing to MCU
4 Anushree. S.V et al., 2017/Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences. 11(5) Special 2017, Pages: 1-7 The power consumed by this circuit is at the minimum, so that microcontroller can be mostly in sleep mode and wakes up to perform measurement only. Compiler Platform: The compiler used for coding is Arduino. Since is ATMEGA 328-P is compatible with Arduino UNO, this compiler platform is chosen. It is both open source hardware and software and it has the ability to control the physical devices, sense and interact with the objects. Certain features of Arduino UNO are: 1. 14 input/output pins 2. 6 analog inputs 3. 16Mhz crystal oscillator 4. USB connection 5. Power jack 6. ICSP header 7. Reset button Arduino IDE is a open source software which provides the easiest way for the users to write code which can be easily uploaded to the board. It support any version of windows, android and IOS. The programming is done usually in java platform. Simulation Platform: The platform used for simulation is Proteus. This is the common platform used for most of the microcontroller based system. In this simulation platform hex file generated using any compiler can be used. The hex file is downloaded into the schematic diagram created in this platform and it is made to run to view the simulation results. There are various tools to view various results. The information like commands that are to be given to the schematic to view the desired results, alerts message which are to be received etc can be given and viewed in the virtual terminal window. The waveform can also be viewed using oscilloscope tool. It has the ability to co-simulate both with analog and digital circuits. Simulation Results Fig. 5: System displaying power consumed and cost of the units consumed
5 Anushree. S.V et al., 2017/Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences. 11(5) Special 2017, Pages: 1-7 Fig. 6: System displaying power theft Fig. 7: LCD displaying tamper seal broken
6 Anushree. S.V et al., 2017/Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences. 11(5) Special 2017, Pages: 1-7 Fig. 8: Mobile Application displaying current consumption Conclusion: The only way to control electricity theft is by the use of technology in appropriate manner. Thus Data acquisition system proves to be the greatest technology development as it processes the data and information sensed by the sensor in order to detect various changes in the signal. The Bluetooth technology is one of the best energy saving technique which is used in this system to collect and view information in hand. IoT technology which in growing phase also brings the energy consumed and theft information at our door step when we connect our phone with internet. Thus Partial earth fault tampering technique is well explained and a technique to find that theft has been tested successfully. ACKNOWLEDGMENT I am highly privileged to thank Dr.Rani Thottungal, HOD, Department of EEE, Kumaraguru College of Technology, for providing the necessary facilities for successful completion of this project. I express my heartfelt gratitude and thanks to her for encouraging me to do this project. I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude and profound thanks to my guide T.Shanthi, AP (SRG), Department of EEE, for her valuable guidance, support, constant encouragement and cooperation rendered throughout the project. I also thank embedded system lab staff for providing me with the softwares I was in need with. I extend my sincere thanks to my parents, my brother and friends who extended great support and encouraged me towards the successful completion of this project. REFERENCES 1. http://electronicdesign.com/meters/e-meters-offer-multiple-ways-combat-electricity-theft-and-tampering 2. Sreenivasan, G., Power Theft, Fourth Edition, 2016. Publishedby AsokeK.Ghosh,PHI learningprivatelimited 3. https://www.wareable.com/fitness-trackers/how-your-fitness-tracker-works-1449 4. https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=0070144559 5. Ms.S.V.Anushree 1,Ms.T.Shanthi 2, IoT BasedSmartEnergy MeterMonitoringandTheft Detection UsingATMEGA,InternationalJournal of InnovativeResearchinComputerand CommunicationEngineering, 4(11): 19802-19805. 6. Li, K., J. Liu, C. Yue and M. Zhang, 2008. "Remote power management and meter-reading system based on ARM microprocessor", IEEE Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest CPEM, pp: 216-217.
7 Anushree. S.V et al., 2017/Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences. 11(5) Special 2017, Pages: 1-7 7. Steven Lanzisera, Member, IEEE, Andrew R. Weber, Anna Liao, Dominic Pajak and Alan K. Meier, 2014. Communicating Power Supplies: Bringing the Internet to the Ubiquitous Energy Gateways of Electronic Devices, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 1(2): 153-160. 8. Koay, B.S., S.S. Cheah, Y.H. Sng, P.H. Chong, P. Shum, Y.C. Tong, X.Y. Wang, Y.X. Zuo and H.W. Kuek, 2003. "Design and implementation of Bluetooth energy meter", IEEE Proceedings of the 4th International Joint Conference of the ICICS, 3: 1474-1477.