FUGRO EARTHDATA, Inc. Introduction to the New GeoSAR Interferometric Radar Sensor Bill Sharp GeoSAR Regional Director - Americas Becky Morton Regional Manager Configuration, Capabilities, Limitations, and Examples 1
FUGRO Corporate Global Network About FUGRO EARTHDATA 10,000 employees in 275 offices in 60 countries 2
Agenda Objectives: Present the GeoSAR IFSAR sensor Presentation: Introduction to GeoSAR - What is GeoSAR? - Technology and Components Data and Applications - Elevation Data - Magnitude Images (MAG) - Band Combinations and Visualizations 3
Introduction to GeoSAR What is GeoSAR? Single-pass, dual frequency, interferometric radar mapping system X-band shows first surface P-band reveals detail beneath canopy Rapid, large area mapping through cloud cover, day and night Products include Ortho-rectified X and P radar reflectance images, co-registered with each other and Digital elevation models (DEMs) Lidar profiler derived ground control points 4
X and P Compared to L Bands Lidar X Band P Band Diferences between Lidar and Radar Bands GeoSAR Other sensors GeoSAR Phh (85 cm) L (24 cm) Xvv (3 cm) Forest: leaves reflect X-band signals but not P-band which penetrates the canopy to probe the vertical trunk region of the foliage at a wavelength comparable to trunk dimensions. 5
GeoSAR Investment History DARPA Leadership TEC PM EarthData Acquires Calgis NGA Leadership June 2003 IOC $2M internal Phase-I ($15M) Phase-II ($35M) Phase-III ($20M) CY95 CY96 CY97 CY98 CY99 CY00 CY01 CY02 CY03 1 st image band-x Flight Certification Band-P Cal 1 st image band-p Freq. Approvals Band-X Cal Rest. ITAR Auto. Processing System Improvement Program (Internal & External) GSIP Phase 3 ($5M) GSIP Phase 1 ($8.6M) CY04 CY05 GSIP Phase 2 ($4M) CY06 CY07 CY08 $78 M Storage Processing Processing 6
GeoSAR Components Antenna Positioning Measurement Unit Two X-band antennas Two P-band antennas 7
GeoSAR Components i Aircraft, bottom view k Lidar EGI APMU X-band antenna P-band antenna APMU target phase center j A dozen (12) GPS/IMU for motion measurement Motion measured and compensated 1 millimeter APMU target array viewed in flight 8
Flight Characteristics Collection Height: 10,000m to 12,500m MSL 14km 11.5 km 14km X-Band (3 cm wavelength) P-Band (85 cm wavelength) Profiling LIDAR (3 Returns, 3 Intensities) 2 views of ground In X and P simultaneously Both sides of plane Interferometric 9
Additional Control from the Profiling LASER 3 ground distance and intensity measurements per pulse reduces/eliminates the necessity for additional control in remote areas, incrwasing the precision of DEM s and mosaic products. 2-3 m diameter point every 36cm on the ground Lidar Leica ALS40 modified for profiling at altitude (12 km or more) x, y, z GCP x, y, z GCP 10
On-line Project Management Acquisition & Production 11
GeoSAR Product Characteristics X-band P-band DEM height accuracy Single swath 0.5-1.2 m (Relative) 1-3 m (Relative) Mosaic ~1.0 m (Absolute) 1-4 m (Absolute) DEM resolution 2.5-5 metres 2.5-5 metres Planimetric Accuracy 1 m (Relative) 2 m @ 5 km Altitude (Absolute) (Absolute) < 2.5 m (Absolute) 4 m @ 10 km Altitude Ground swath 12-14 km on each side 12-14 km on each side Polarization VV HH and HV or VV and VH Pixel Size 1.25 3m 1.25 5m Multi-swath mosaicking and application of Lidar ground measurements results in considerable improvement over single-swath accuracy. 12
Fugro EarthData, Inc. Processing Facility SGI Processing 512GB RAM 128 processors Processor monitoring Robotic Tape Library 3000 Tape capacity 500 GB / tape 1.5 PB storage 128 processors in action Any system problem triggers 24hr page notification to IT staff 86 TB On-line 88 TB Near-line 13
User Request The Basic GeoSAR Process Flow ACQUISITION PROCESS PRODUCTION PROCESS FINISHING PROCESS FPS Flight Planning System Data Collection Ground Processor Mosaic & Merge DEM Editing Radar Command Disk Flight Log Radar Data dgps Data Formatting & Distribution Navigation Software Mission & Ground Crew Air Traffic Control Frequency Permits Gnd Station GulfStream II Differential GPS Ground Reference (Optional) NavCom Real Time GPS Customer Data 14
GeoSAR Solutions Overcoming limitations - See individual trees, water, paths, fences, wires and other features beneath vegetation canopy that blocks Lidar and optical data - Detect moisture levels in vegetation or soils - Map vegetation covered or buried structures - Delineate land/water boundaries - Gap fill in areas which continually challenge other sensors - Integrate with other sensors (fusion with airborne or satellite) 15
Standard Products of GeoSAR 3m 5m pixel X-band Orthorectified Radar Image (first 3m pixel surface X-band P-band Orthorectified Radar Image (foliage penetration) intensity DEMimage) (note clarity of streets beneath overhanging trees) (and 5m P-band DEM) 16
Coastal Mapping Port Moresby X-DEM 17
Malibu, Ortho-Image over DEM 18
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Colombia, Forested Area Digital Elevation Model P-band Magnitude Images P-band 9m tree Height X-band P-band Drainage feature profile comparison Top-Surface (X-band) vs. Sub-Surface (P-band) 21
Colombia, Revealing Terrain Under Forest Canopy Xvv - MAG Phh - MAG X-DEM P-DEM 22
Reveling Geologic Structure GeoSAR, Andes of Colombia 3D perspective of P-Band X radar MAG brightness on top of data P-Band overlaid IFSAR on X-band DEM IFSAR DEM 23
Colombia, Separating Forest from Terrain Comparison of X and P band DEM Foliage surfaces disappear in P-band DEM 24
Flooded wetlands below canopy X-band MAG P-band MAG 25
Drainage reconstruction X-DEM drainage, Strahler Orders 3-6 P-DEM drainage, Strahler Orders 3-7 26
Mapping drainage basins X-band Strahler Drainage Orders 4-6 P- band Strahler BasinOrders 1-4 27
Superimposing drainage over terrain models X Strahler Orders 3-6 P- Strahler Orders 3-7 28
Flood modelling from IFSAR DEMs X P Shaded relief 5m flood 10m flood 29
Standard X-band (3m), Colombia, 2006 30
Identification of subtle drainage channels hidden by tall forest Inverted image X-band MAG 31
Identification of subtle drainage channels hidden by tall forest P-band MAG 32
Detecting structures below dense vegetation Comparing X and P Bands Airfield and other structures X-band image visible in P-band image 33
Detecting structures below dense vegetation Comparing X and P Bands 34
P-band3m 5mPosts Posts X-band Fence lines, trails, Power lines, and disturbed soils show up in the P-band 35
X- and P-band Radar Images, Papua New Guinea 1.25m X-band ORI Palm orchards and trails, irrigation patters, drainages exposed in P-band. Capable of counting trees in orchards 1.25m P-band ORI 36
Colombia, 2006 Adding Color Radar colorized though image processing of band combinations P, X, P 37
Colombia, 2006 - Radar bands R = P, G = X, B = P-X 38
Turning Spatial Data Into Knowledge Thank you! Contact: Bill Sharp GeoSAR Regional Director bsharp@earthdata.com Tel: (301) 948-8550 Cell: (240) 215-7996 39