Tutorial Guide to AutoCAD 2014 2D Drawing, 3D Modeling Shawna Lockhart SDC P U B L I C AT I O N S For Microsoft Windows Better Textbooks. Lower Prices. www.sdcpublications.com
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ii Brief Table of Contents GS-1 Preparing for the Tutorials GS-2 AutoCAD Basics GS1-1 13 Creating Assembly Drawings from Solid Models 503 14 Solid Modeling for Section and Auxiliary Views 543 GS-3 Studying for the AutoCAD Certification Exam G3-1 15 Rendering 561 1 Introduction to the AutoCAD Software 1 Glossary 601 2 Basic Construction Techniques 55 AutoCAD Command Summary 617 3 Basic Editing and Plotting Techniques 91 Index 645 4 Geometric Constructions 129 5 Template Drawings and More Plotting 193 6 2D Orthographic Drawings 243 7 Dimensioning 277 8 Advanced Dimensioning 325 9 Section and Auxiliary Views 349 10 Blocks, DesignCenter, and Tool Palettes 391 11 Introduction to Solid and Surface Modeling 425 12 Changing and Plotting Solid Models 481
Table of Contents iii Table of Contents GS-1 Preparing for the Tutorials GS1-1 Using the Ribbon GS2-7 Introduction to the Tutorials GS1-1 Backing Up and Backing Out of Commands GS2-9 Basic Mouse Techniques GS1-1 Repeating Commands GS2-9 Objectives GS1-1 Working with the Ribbon 0 Recognizing Typographical Conventions GS1-2 Accessing On-Line Help 3 Creating a Working Directory GS1-4 Using Classic Pull-Down Menus 4 Installing Data Files for the Tutorials GS1-4 Working with Documents 6 Configuring AutoCAD for the Tutorials GS1-5 Exiting an AutoCAD Session 6 User Profiles Backing Up AutoCAD Defaults Customizable Support Files GS-2 AutoCAD Basics Introduction Starting the AutoCAD 2014 Software Microsoft Windows Conventions Objectives Navigating in Windows Basic Elements of the AutoCAD Graphics Window Minimizing and Restoring an Application Microsoft Windows Multitasking Options AutoCAD Pointing Techniques Clicking Commands and Menu Options Entering Points Dragging Object Selection AutoCAD Commands and Options Typing Commands Switching the Workspace GS1-7 GS1-10 GS1-11 GS2-2 GS2-2 GS2-2 GS2-3 GS2-3 GS2-3 GS2-3 GS2-4 GS2-4 GS2-4 GS2-5 GS2-6 GS-3 Studying for the AutoCAD Certification Exam G3-1 General Study Tips G3-1 Objectives G3-1 Exam Objectives G3-2 Certified Associate Exam Examples G3-2 1 Introduction to the AutoCAD Software 1 Introduction 1 Starting 1 The AutoCAD Screen 1 The Ribbon 3 Canceling Commands 6 Typing Commands 6 Dynamic Entry 7 Starting a New Drawing 9 Naming Drawing Files 10 Working with Multiple Drawings 11 Using Grid 13 Using Zoom 14 Using Snap Mode 15
iv Table of Contents Drafting Settings 16 Using Line 16 Entering Coordinates 17 Using Absolute Coordinates 17 Drawing Using Grid and Snap 18 Using Last Point 18 Using Relative X- and Y-Coordinates 19 Using Polar Coordinates 20 Using the Exchange to Get Help 22 Using Save 24 Using Erase 24 Erasing with Window or Crossing 25 Using Undo 26 Using Redo 28 Drawing a Plot Plan 28 Setting the Units 29 Sizing Your Drawing 32 Using Limits 33 Using Rectangle 34 Drawing Circles 35 Adding Text 36 Copying Text 38 In Place Text Editing 39 Moving and Rotating Text 39 Setting the Text Style 40 Setting a Style Current 44 Using Mtext 44 Spell Checking Your Drawing 48 Saving Your Drawing 49 Transferring Files 49 Exercises 51 2 Basic Construction Techniques 55 Introduction 55 Starting 55 Opening an Existing Drawing 55 Saving as a New File 57 Using Layers 58 Current Layer 58 Controlling Layers 59 Controlling Colors 60 Layer Visibility 61 Freezing Layers 62 Locking Layers 62 Making Object s Layer Current 63 Using Layer 64 Using Object Snap 67 Using Arc 70 Using Zoom 75 Using the Scroll Wheel to Zoom 79 Zoom Dynamic 79 Using Pan Realtime 80 Circle Tangent, Tangent, Radius 83 Using Ellipse 84 Exercises 87 3 Basic Editing and Plotting Techniques 91 Introduction 91 Starting 91 Starting from a Template Drawing 91 Using Trim 93 Using Offset 96 Changing Object Properties 99
Table of Contents v Using the Properties Panel 99 The Properties Palette 100 Using Fillet 102 Using Chamfer 103 Using Polyline 104 Using Spline 107 Using Blend 108 Getting Information about Your Drawing 110 Using List 110 Locating Points 111 Measuring Geometry 111 Area 111 Using Multilines 112 The Plot Dialog Box 116 Exercises 123 4 Geometric Constructions 129 Introduction 129 Starting 129 Setting the Units and Limits 129 Drawing the Wrench 130 Using Copy Object 130 Effective Use of Layers 132 Changing Properties 134 Setting the Global Linetype Scaling Factor 135 Changing an Object s Linetype Scale 136 Using Polygon 138 Using Polar Tracking 140 Using Object Snaps 143 Showing a Floating Toolbar 143 Object Snap Overrides 144 More Object Snaps 149 Object Tracking 151 Using Break 151 Using Extend 153 Using Rotate 154 Using Move 155 Methods of Selecting Objects 155 Select Similar 157 Using Selection Filters 158 Using Quick Select 159 Creating the Geneva Cam 160 Using Construction Line (Xline) 162 Using Mirror 164 Using Array 166 Editing Associative Arrays 167 Making Changes using Grips 168 Noun/Verb Selection 171 Using the Path Array 172 Editing an Associative Path Array 174 Using 2D Parametric Constraints 177 Exercises 187 5 Template Drawings and More Plotting 193 Introduction 193 Starting 193 Using a Standard Template 193 Paper Space Layouts 195 Printer Area 196 Viewport 196 Switching to Model Space 198 Inserting an Existing Drawing 198
vi Table of Contents Showing the Drawing in the Layout 200 Setting the Viewport Zoom Scale 201 Using Pan to Position the Drawing 204 Locking the Viewport Scale 205 Creating a Second Floating Viewport 205 Making a Viewport Active 207 Attributes and Fields 209 Using Irregularly Shaped Viewports 211 Plotting from Paper Space 213 Sheet Sets 214 Creating a Template Drawing 220 Creating Default Layers 221 Using the Drafting Settings Dialog Box 229 Selecting the Default Text Font 230 Setting the Viewres Default 230 Switching to a Paper Space Layout 231 Adding a Title Block and Text to Paper Space 232 Using Divide 233 Adding the Titles 235 Beginning a New Drawing from a Template Drawing 236 Changing the Title Block Text 237 Exercises 238 6 2D Orthographic Drawings 243 Introduction 243 The Front, Top, and Right-Side Orthographic Views 243 View Location 244 Starting 244 Switching to Model Space 246 Deciding the Model Space Limits 246 Viewing the Model Space Limits 247 Using Ortho 247 Drawing Construction Lines 247 Hidden Lines 251 Drawing Hidden Lines 252 Line Precedence 254 Slanted Surfaces 255 Top-View to Side-View Projection 256 Drawing the Miter Line 257 Using Object Snap Tracking 257 Sizing and Positioning the Drawing 260 Locking the Viewport Scale 261 Showing Holes 262 Drawing Centerlines and Centermarks 263 Breaking the Centerline 265 Setting the Global Linetype Scaling Factor 267 Projecting Slanted Surfaces on Cylinders 268 Exercises 272 7 Dimensioning 277 Introduction 277 Terminology and Conventions 277 Semiautomatic Dimensioning 278 Starting 279 Dimensioning a Shape 279 Using the DIM Layer 280 Dimension Standards 280 Associating Dimensions 280 Annotation Scaling 281 The Dimension Panel 282 Using Dimension Styles 282 Creating a Named Dimension Style 283
Table of Contents vii Scaling Dimension Features 284 Lines tab 284 Symbols and Arrows tab 286 Text tab 288 Fit Tab 289 Setting the Current Style 295 Checking Your Dimension Settings 296 Associative Dimensioning 297 Adding Dimensions to the Layout or the Model 297 Adding Linear Dimensions 298 Creating a Diameter Dimension 299 Baseline Dimensioning 301 Using Xplode 303 Adding Text with Special Characters 304 Using Quick Dimension 305 Saving As a Template 306 Dimensioning the Adapter 307 Using Continue Dimension 308 Angular Dimensions 309 Centering the Views 310 Adding the Tolerance Note 311 Updating Associative Dimensions 311 Using Stretch 312 Modifying Dimensions 313 Updating a Dimension Style 314 Changing the Drawing Scale 315 The Annotation Property 317 Synch the Annotative and Viewport Scales 318 Creating an Annotative Text Style 318 Exercises 321 8 Advanced Dimensioning 325 Tolerance 325 Tolerance Formats 326 Starting 327 Automatic Bilateral Tolerances 327 Using Limit Tolerances 334 Creating Feature Control Frames 336 Using Leader with Tolerances 340 Creating Datum Flags 342 Creating an Annotative Dimension Style 344 Exercises 346 9 Section and Auxiliary Views 349 Introduction 349 Section Views 349 Starting 351 Creating 2D Section Views 351 Cutting Plane Lines 352 Changing Hidden Lines to Visible 356 Using Hatch 357 Adding the Hatch Pattern 363 Creating the Side Section View 364 Solid Fill 367 Using Draworder 368 Changing Associative Hatches 369 Auxiliary Views 372 Drawing Auxiliary Views Using 2D 372 Aligning the UCS with the Angled Surface 374 Adding Visual Reference Lines 378 Linetype Conventions 378 Curved Surfaces 379 Drawing the Ellipse 384 Exercises 386
viii Table of Contents 10 Blocks, DesignCenter, and Tool Palettes 391 Introduction 391 Starting 392 Using the Block Command 392 Inserting a Block 395 Using Explode 397 Using Write Block 397 Using DesignCenter and Tool Palettes 399 Drawing the Half-Adder Circuit 404 Using Donut 405 Freezing the TEXT2 Layer 406 Creating Object Groups 406 Creating Custom Interfaces 409 Using Special Characters in Programmed Commands 414 Exercises 419 11 Introduction to Solid and Surface Modeling 425 Introduction 425 Starting 426 The 3D Modeling Workspace 426 Creating 3D Objects 427 Setting the Viewpoint 428 User Coordinate Systems 432 The UCS Icon 433 Using Layers 434 Creating Multiple Viewports 435 Viewports Using Different UCSs 439 Creating Cylinders 440 Selection Cycling 441 Setting Isolines 443 Building Complex Solid Models 444 Using the Viewport Controls 445 Creating Wedges 446 Creating Cones 447 Creating User Coordinate Systems 448 Plotting Solid Models from Paper Space 451 Saving Your Multiview Setup as a Template 453 Creating Solid Models with Extrude and Revolve 454 Region Modeling 456 Extruding a Shape 457 Creating Solids by Revolution 459 Aligning the Views 459 Using the Boolean Operator Intersection 461 Creating Surface Models 465 Using Loft 466 Creating a Patch (SURFPATCH) 467 Creating Mesh Models 469 Creating an Edge Mesh 470 Using the Steering Wheel 471 Creating a Network Surface 472 Creating 3D Mesh 474 Exercises 476 12 Changing and Plotting Solid Models 481 Introduction 481 Starting 481 Using Fillet on Solids 482 Using Chamfer on Solids 482 Using Slice 483 Creating the Hole 490 Placing Views to Create a Drawing 492 Adding the Centerlines 496 Exercises 498
Table of Contents ix 13 Creating Assembly Drawings from Solid Models 503 Introduction 503 Attaching Solid Models 503 Using Plan 554 Using 3D Dynamic View 555 Exercises 557 Starting 504 Using External References 505 Layers and External References 507 Inserting the Solid Part Drawings 508 Checking for Interference 512 Determining Mass Properties (MASSPROP) 513 Creating an Exploded Isometric View 514 Creating a Dynamic Block for the Ball Tags 516 Defining Attributes 519 Defining the Parameters 523 Defining the Actions 524 Inserting the Ball Tags 526 Changing an Attribute Value 528 Changing an Externally Referenced Drawing 529 Creating the Parts List 531 Extracting Attribute Information 531 Exercises 537 15 Rendering 561 Introduction 561 Objectives 561 The Render Panel 562 Advanced Render Settings 567 Adding Lights 573 Choosing Materials 577 Creating a New Material 579 Adjusting Mapping 582 Adding Backgrounds 583 Rendering to a File 584 Using Sun Properties 585 Geographic Location 585 Exporting AutoCAD Files 590 Drawing Web Format 592 Exercises 593 14 Solid Modeling for Section and Auxiliary Views 543 Introduction 543 Creating Sections from a Solid Model 543 Adding a Section View 546 Using Section Plane 548 Glossary 601 AutoCAD Command Summary 617 Index 645 Using Live Section 549 Section Settings 550 Creating an Auxiliary View from a 3D Model 551 Orienting the View 552 3 Point UCS 553