National Aerospace Initiative

National Aerospace Initiative Dr. Ron Sega Dr. Ron Sega Director, Defense Research & Engineering

NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE Agenda Background Transformation The National Aerospace Initiative (NAI) Overview NAI High Speed / Hypersonics NAI Space Access NAI Space Technology Conclusion 2

Transformation Technology Initiative Transformation Attributes Agility Knowledge Lethality Speed Transformation Technology Initiatives National Aerospace Initiative Surveillance and Knowledge Systems Energy and Power Technologies 3

NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE What Are You Trying to do? Goals: Challenging, Achievable, & Measurable By When? Technology Planning Questions Pace: Users, Industry, & Other Advocates What Difference Will it Make? Payoffs: Military/Commercial Capability What Makes You Think You Can do it? Technical: GOTChA Process Financial: Roadmaps vs. Budgets 4

National Aerospace Initiative -- Technology Framework -- NAI Strategic Focus Technical Coordination Aerospace Workforce Expendable (Missiles) Mach<4 TCT/NPR 4<Mach<15 Long-Range Strike [Mach 0-7] Reusable [Mach 0-12] Air-Breathing 1 st Stage (TSTO) [Mach 0-12] Space Access DoD/NASA Reusable Launch Vehicle 2 nd Stage Rocket Engine Space Maneuvering Vehicle Space Commission Flexible Comm ISR Space Control 5

DARPA RASCAL PROGRAM -- High Speed / Hypersonics -- Once out of the atmosphere, the rocket separates from the aircraft first stage 3 rd stage rocket burn Top stage burn provides orbit insertion and trim Ballistic coast out of the atmosphere after the zoom maneuver Coast 2 nd stage rocket burn Re-entry of spent expendable 2 nd stage Supersonic zoom maneuver Zoom 200 KFT Aircraft follows a ballistic path back to the atmosphere 100 KFT Restart engine & return to airfield 50 KFT 6

NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE -- International Perspective -- Foreign Experience / Expertise Growing -- Excellent Ground Test Facilities -- Long-Term Commitment for Aerospace Investment -- Examples of Hypersonic R&D China (TAD 2015) Hypersonic Aircraft Dev Mach 5 France 1999 Scramjet Ground Demo Mach 6 7.5 Germany 2002 Air Defense Flight Demo Mach 6.5 India 2002 Cruise Missile Flight Demo Mach 2.0-3.0 Russia 1991 Scramjet Flight Demo Mach 6 Australia 2002 Scramjet Flight Demo Mach 7.6 Serious Threat to Current U.S. Systems by End of Decade -- Strategic/Tactical Standoff Capability Threatened -- Aircraft Survivability Threatened U.S. Government / Industry Aerospace Knowledge Base is Eroding National Aerospace Initiative is Needed to Sustain American Aerospace Leadership 7

NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE NAI Strategic Focus Technical Coordination Aerospace Workforce Expendable (Missiles) Mach<4 TCT/NPR 4<Mach<15 Long-Range Strike [Mach 0-7] Reusable [Mach 0-12] Air-Breathing 1 st Stage (TSTO) [Mach 0-12] Space Access DoD/NASA Reusable Launch Vehicle 2 nd Stage Rocket Engine Space Maneuvering Vehicle Space Commission Flexible Comm ISR Space Control 8

Technology Development Approach -- High Speed / Hypersonics -- Expendable Short Life Flight Regimes Re-Usable Long Life Mach<4 Mach 0-7 Mach 0-15 Demonstrations Building Block Technologies Building Block Technologies High Speed Turbine High-Speed Turbine High-Speed Turbine Supersonic Cruise Missile Rocket Boost Scramjet missile shape Mid Range Weapon -Strike -Interceptor Rocket Boost Scramjet Waverider or Lifting Body Long Range Weapon -Strike -Interceptor Thermal Protection Hydrogen Fuel Hydrocarbon Scramjet Aerodynamics Capabilities Hydrocarbon fueled Turbinebased Combine Cycle w/ Waverider Long Range Strike Thermal Protection Turbine-based Combined Cycle Aerodynamics Hydrogenfueled Turbine-based Combine Cycle w/lifting Body Responsive Space Access 9

LRC LRC LRC NAI High Speed / Hypersonics Options -- Engine Combinations / Capability Off-Ramps -- Combined Cycle Engines (Accelerator) - Hydrogen Powered Scramjets Turbine Engines Combined Cycle Engines (Cruise) - Hydrocarbon / Hydrogen Powered Scramjets Hydrocarbon Ram / Scramjets Access to Space Responsive/Flexible Mach 8-12 Rapid Strike / Recce Aircraft Rapid Global Response Mach 5-10 Hypersonic Interceptor Long-Range/100,000 ft Cruise Mach 10+ Aircraft & Missiles Today Mach 0-3 Near-Term Fast Response Standoff Weapon Rapid Response Time-Critical Targets Mach 5-8 Mid-Term Far-Term 2002 2008 2016 2025 10

NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE Mach Number 25 15 10 5 X-15 SR-71 XB-70 F-4 Mach Number per Year to 2012 Production X-Vehicles NAI Concorde F-15 Hydrocarbon Scramjet Mach 4-7 Ramjet Mach 3-4 High Speed Turbine Mach 2-4 F-16 F-117 B-2 F-22 Hydrogen Scramjet Mach 8-15 Strike Aircraft Missiles Space Access 0 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 11

DARPA/Navy Scramjet R&D Hypersonic Flight Demonstration Program (HYFLY) Heavyweight Ground Test Flight weight Ground Test HYFLY Flight Tests Adv Technology Develop - Booster Demo - Short Combustor DC Demo - Composite Structure Fab N78 High Speed Strike AOA FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 Successful Ground Test - May 30, 2002 Payload/Fuel HYFLY Weapon Characteristics 2150 lb Launch Weight, Length 183 250 lb Penetrator - F/A 18 E/F Compatible 400 Nmi Flyout - VLS Compatible - 600 Nmi Flyout Engine inlets 12

NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE NAI Strategic Focus Technical Coordination Aerospace Workforce Expendable (Missiles) Mach<4 TCT/NPR 4<Mach<15 Long-Range Strike [Mach 0-7] Reusable [Mach 0-12] Air-Breathing 1 st Stage (TSTO) [Mach 0-12] Space Access DoD/NASA Reusable Launch Vehicle 2 nd Stage Rocket Engine Space Maneuvering Vehicle Space Commission Flexible Comm ISR Space Control 13

NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE Access To Space 2015 2025 14

NAI Space Access -- System Payoffs/Requirements -- BASELINE Shuttle, DC-X, X-33, SLI Phase I - 2008 Sustained 7 Day Turn 250 Sortie Airframe 100 Sortie Propulsion & Systems Marginal Sortie Cost $10M Reliable (1/1,000 loss rate) Weather Sensitive (Cat 1) Low Weight (DMF) SOA 8% Payload Fraction Near Term Phase II - 2015 Sustained 1 Day Turn 500 Sortie Airframe 250 Sortie Propulsion & Systems Marginal Sortie Cost $5M Reliable (1/2,000 Sorties) Weather Tolerant (Cat 2) Reduced Weight (DMF) 10% 16% Payload Fraction (2X) Mid Term Phase III - 2025 Sustained 12 Hr Turn 1,000 Sortie Airframe 500 Sortie Propulsion & Systems Marginal Sortie Cost $1M Reliable (1/5,000 Sorties) Most Weather (Cat 3) Reduced Weight (DMF) 15% 24% Payload Fraction (3X) Far Term 2000 2008 2016 2025 15

NAI Space Access -- Technology & Development Roadmap -- 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Space Shuttle $6B+ Past Tech Investment Airframe Operations Propulsion X-42 NGLT NASA HC Boost MIS/CAV Payloads Flight Test Y-Vehicle Operations IVHM Field Repair/ Spares Distribution SMV Maintainer Depot/Support Infrastructure Flight Subsystems IOC Flight Test H2 Boost Follow On X-Vehicles Cargo Only Commercial IOC IOC System Acquisition Crew New 2nd Stage National Aerospace Initiative Continuing S&T Advancement DOD FOC MNS AOA ORD IOC FOC 120 Day Study 16

NATIONAL AEROSPACE INITIATIVE NAI Strategic Focus Technical Coordination Aerospace Workforce Expendable (Missiles) Mach<4 TCT/NPR 4<Mach<15 Long-Range Strike [Mach 0-7] Reusable [Mach 0-12] Air-Breathing 1 st Stage (TSTO) [Mach 0-12] Space Access DoD/NASA Reusable Launch Vehicle 2 nd Stage Rocket Engine Space Maneuvering Vehicle Space Commission Flexible Comm ISR Space Control 17

Technology Development Approach -- Space Technology -- Space Control: Space Situational Awareness and Ability to Defend Space Systems Responsive Payloads: Quick response deployment and employment of space capabilities Intelligence Surveillance Reconnaissance: Persistent, Global Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance for the Warfighter Flexible Communications: Deliver the right information to the right place at the right time 18

NAI Space Technology Goals -- Responsive Payload Emphasis -- Ground-to-Air Laser Comm Direct Theater Downlink and Uplink Programmable TT&C Air-to-Air Laser Comm Air-to-Space Laser Comm Space-to-Space Laser Comm Space-to-Ground High Datarate RF Programmable Multi-Band Sat Comm High bandwidth end-to-end Transformational Comm Arch Airborne ISR National Assets Fused Collections Large Inflatable Antenna (30m) Bistatic Engagement Joint Hyperspectral Capability Real-Time ISR Fusion Large Inflatable Antenna (100m) Realtime Engagement Future ISR Architecture Autonomous and Proximity Ops Predictive Space Situational Awareness Rapid On-Orbit Checkout Rapid Payload Processing High Altitude Airship Realtime Space Control Ops Space Protection Testbad Electric Laser in Space Rapid Reconstitution of Space Capabilities High ISP Microsat Space Control Architecture Near Term Mid Term Far Term 2000 2008 2016 2025 19

NAI Space Technology -- Intelligence Surveillance Reconnaissance -- Transformation: Persistent, Global ISR for the Warfighter MEO SBR MEO HSI LEO SBR Near Term (FY03 FY06) Airborne ISR National Assets Fused Collections Mid-Term (FY07 FY10) Space ISR Experiments Real Time Fusion Space-Air Bistatic Engagement Far-Term (FY11 FY20) Space ISR Constellation Real Time Engagement Multi-INT Experiments 20

National Aerospace Initiative -- Conclusion -- Advancing U.S. Aerospace Capabilities is Critical for National Security, Civil, and Commercial Sectors Space Architecture Options Would Increase if Access to Space was Responsive, Flexible, and Affordable Leap-Ahead Technologies are Developed for High Speed Strike, Space Access, and Space Missions Emphasis on Rapidly Advancing Technology, Flight Tests, and Technology Demonstrations Stair Step Approach Provides Off-Ramps for Fielding Systems NAI is an Integrated, National Approach to Sustain American Leadership in Aerospace 21