EEM 355 MECHANTRONIC SYSTEM [SISTEM MEKATRONIK]

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UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA First Semester Examination 2015/2016 Academic Session December 2015 / January 2016 EEM 355 MECHANTRONIC SYSTEM [SISTEM MEKATRONIK] Duration : 3 hours Masa : 3 jam Please check that this examination paper consists of FOURTEEN (14) pages of printed material before you begin the examination. This examination paper consist of two versions, The English version and Malay version. The English version from page TWO (2) to page SEVEN (7) and Malay version from page EIGHT (8) to page FOURTEEN (14). Sila pastikan bahawa kertas peperiksaan ini mengandungi EMPAT BELAS (14) muka surat bercetak sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan ini. Kertas peperiksaan ini mengandungi dua versi, versi Bahasa Inggeris dan Bahasa Melayu. Versi Bahasa Inggeris daripada muka surat DUA (2) sehingga muka surat TUJUH (7) dan versi Bahasa Melayu daripada muka surat LAPAN (8) sehingga muka surat EMPAT BELAS (14). Instructions: This question paper consists of SIX (6) questions. Answer FIVE (5) questions. All questions carry the same marks. [Arahan: Kertas soalan ini mengandungi ENAM (6) soalan. Jawab LIMA (5) soalan. Semua soalan membawa jumlah markah yang sama] Answer to any question must start on a new page [Mulakan jawapan anda untuk setiap soalan pada muka surat yang baharu]. In the event of any discrepancies, the English version shall be used. [Sekiranya terdapat sebarang percanggahan pada soalan peperiksaan, versi Bahasa Inggeris hendaklah diguna pakai]. 2/-

- 2 - [EEM 355] ENGLISH VERSION 1. As a mechatronics engineer, you were given a task of designing a system to monitor a gas pressure in a tank. The tank can hold the pressure of up to 5 atm. (i) State the working principle (sensor) of your suggested sensor (20 marks) (ii) Determine the range and span of your suggested system (transducer). (20 marks) You were then given several ICs, resistors, capacitors, and a DC 5 V source. You were also given a choice of 350 Ω and 120 Ω, uni-axial, linear strain gauges to be used in your suggested system. Once the strain gauges are in action, both gauges give reading of 7 Ω increment for each 1atm increment. (iii) (iv) Design a system (circuit design) such that the output range of the system will be between 0 V (@ 1 atm) and 4 V (@ 5 atm). (20 marks) State the reason why have you chosen the particular strain gauge (350 Ω or 120 Ω) in your suggested system. (20 marks) Your suggested system is now giving an analogue output of 1 V/atm. To be able to feed the output to a microcomputer for further manipulation, the signal has to be digitised. (v) What will be the required word length if you the resolution needed is 0.02 atm. (20 marks) 3/-

- 3 - [EEM 355] 2. (a) Often when a mechanical switch is switched to close the contact, because of contacting elements are elastic, it bounces a number of times before settling to close. Suggest two methods to overcome the problem by using hardware complete with circuit diagram. (30 marks) Digital signals from a sensor are polluted by noise and interference and are typically of the order of 100 V or more. Explain how protection can be afforded for a microprocessor to which those signals are to be inputted. (30 marks) The movement of digital data from one device to another can result in transmission errors, e.g. the receiver not receiving the same signal as transmitted by the transmitter as a result of electrical noise in the transmission process. Suggest and explain a method which benefited logic gates to detect the transmission error. Your answer should limit to 4-bit data. (40 marks) 3. (a) A thermocouple giving an output of 0.2 mv/ o C. What will be the required word length if we are measuring 0 ~ 200 o C, and the resolution needed is 0.20 o C? (30 marks) In a production line, an alarm system is needed to be installed to give signals (audible and visible) if problem occurs at the line. You are required to design an alarm system which meets the afore mentioned objective. For your design, you are required (but not limited) to use the following integrated circuits: 7474, 7408. 4/-

- 4 - [EEM 355] Discuss in details the following issues: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) logic gates connection overview of the system trigger the alarm reset the system (40 marks) State four processes that can occur in signal conditioning. (30 marks) 4. (a) Define what is meant by electric drive. List how the drive is being classified and give two examples for each of them. (30 marks) A dc, separately excited motor has the following data: K φ = 3.0 V sec ; V = 600.0 V ; R = 2.0 Ω ; I = 5.0 A t Knowing that the armature current at full load = 5.0 A, calculate a a (i) The rated torque (10 marks) (ii) The starting torque (10 marks) (iii) The starting current (10 marks) (iv) Compare the starting torque to rated torque and starting current to rated current. (10 marks) 5/-

- 5 - [EEM 355] (v) What happen to the motor if it running over a period of time? (5 marks) (vi) Assume that the starting current must be limited to six times the rated value. Find the terminal voltage at starting if adjusting the terminal voltage technique is to be used to reduce the starting current. (10 marks) (vii) Similar to 4b-(vi), find resistance, R to be inserted to the armature circuit if adding resistance technique is to be used to reduce the starting current. (10 marks) (viii) Compare method in 4b-(vi) and 4b-(vii). Which one is preferable? Why? (5 marks) 5. (a) A horizontal conveyor belt movement involves motor to operate in two quadrants. With the help of appropriate diagram, identify the two quadrants and explain each situation in terms of the operation, motor torque, load torque, motor speed and the flow of power. (40 marks) Choose one method and explain with example the chosen method that can be employed for braking of an induction motor. (30 marks) A 50 hp, 1760 rpm, 440 V, 3-phase induction motor drives a load having a total moment of inertia of 25 kg.m 2. The dc resistance between two stator terminals is 0.32 Ω and the rated motor current is 62 A. A 24 V battery is connected across the terminals to stop the motor. Calculate 6/-

- 6 - [EEM 355] (i) The dc current in the stator. (10 marks) (ii) The energy dissipated in the rotor. (10 marks) (iii) The average braking torque if the stopping time is 4 minutes. (10 marks) 6. (a) Explain the meaning of normal drive, wave drive and half-step drive in a bipolar winding of a stepper motor. (15 marks) Draw a bipolar circuit drive for one phase. Explain the influence of external resistance, R E in the circuit. How to improve the efficiency of the bipolar drive circuit? (35 marks) A permanent magnet stepper motor that is used for positioning a valve has the following specifications: Winding: bipolar Current: 13 A Winding resistance: 60 mω Winding inductance: 0.77 mh Detent torque: 0.16 Nm Holding torque: 9.5 Nm Torque at 50 sps: 8 Nm Steps per revolution: 200 Rotor inertia: 0.7 x 10-3 kg.m 2 Motor diameter: 10. 7 cm Motor axial length: 17.8 cm Motor weight: 9 kg 7/-

- 7 - [EEM 355] The motor is chopper-driven at 65 V and it develops a torque of 2.2 Nm at 10 000 sps. Calculate (i) The speed (in rpm) of the motor when it is running at 10 000 sps. (10 marks) (ii) The power (in horsepower) of the motor when it is running at 10 000 sps. (10 marks) (iii) (iv) The time constant of the windings. The time to reach 13 A when 65 V is applied to the winding. (10 marks) (20 marks) 8/-

- 8 - [EEM 355] VERSI BAHASA MELAYU 1. Sebagai seorang jurutera mekatronik, anda telah diberi tugas merekabentuk suatu sistem untuk memantau tekanan gas dalam sebuah tangki. Tangki tersebut tahan tekanan sehingga 5 atm. (i) Nyatakan prinsip kerja (penderia) yang dicadangkan (20 markah) (ii) Tentukan julat dan rentang sistem yang dicadangkan (transduser). (20 markah) Anda kemudiannya diberikan beberapa ICs, perintang, kapasitor, dan sumber DC 5 V. Anda juga diberi pilihan 350 Ω dan 120 Ω, uni-paksi, tolok terikan linear yang akan digunakan dalam sistem yang dicadangkan. Apabila tolok terikan adalah dalam keadaan sedia pakai, kedua-dua tolok memberi bacaan kenaikan 7 Ω untuk setiap kenaikan 1 atm. (iii) Rekabentuk sistem (rekabentuk litar) agar julat keluaran sistem tersebut berada diantara 0V (@ 1 atm) dan 4 V (@ 5 atm). (20 markah) (iv) Nyatakan sebab mengapa anda memilih tolok terikan tertentu (350 Ω atau 120 Ω) dalam sistem yang dicadangkan. (20 markah) Sistem yang dicadangkan itu kini menghasilkan keluaran analog 1 V/atm. Untuk membolehkan penggunaan mikrokomputer, isyarat keluaran tadi perlu didigitalkan. (v) Berapa panjangkah perkataan diperlukan sekiranya anda ingin menyukat 1~5 atm, dan resolusi yang diperlukan adalah 0.02 atm. (20 markah) 9/-

- 9 - [EEM 355] 2. (a) Seringkali ketika suis mekanikal ditutup untuk menutup penyambung, oleh kerana elemen penyambung adalah elastik, ia melantun beberapa kali sebelum terus menutup. Cadangkan dua cara untuk mengatasi masalah ini dengan menggunakan perkakasan lengkap dengan gambar rajah litar. (30 markah) Isyarat digital dari suatu sensor tercemar oleh hingar dan gangguan, dan biasanya melebihi 100 V. Jelaskan bagaimana perlindungan dapat diberikan untuk sebuah mikropemproses bagi isyarat yang akan dimasukkan. (30 markah) Pergerakan data digital dari suatu peranti ke satu peranti yang lain boleh menyebabkan kesilapan penghantaran, misalnya peranti penerima tidak menerima isyarat yang sama seperti yang dihantar oleh penghantar akibat hingar elektrik dalam proses penghantaran. Cadang dan terangkan satu kaedah yang memberi manfaat kepada get logik untuk mengesan ralat penghantaran. Jawapan anda harus membatasi 4-bit data. (40 markah) 3. (a) Suatu termogandingan memberikan keluaran sebanyak 0.2 mv/ o C. Apakah panjang perkataan yang diperlukan sekiranya kita mengukur 0 ~ 200 o C, dan resolusi yang diperlukan adalah 0.20 o C? (30 markah) 10/-

- 10 - [EEM 355] Dalam talian pengeluaran, pemasangan sistem penggera diperlukan untuk memberi isyarat (bunyi dan visual) jika masalah terjadi di talian. Anda dikehendaki untuk mereka bentuk suatu sistem penggera yang memenuhi objektif tersebut di atas. Untuk reka bentuk anda, anda dikehendaki (tetapi tidak terhad) untuk menggunakan litar bersepadu berikut: 7474, 7408. Bincangkan secara rinci isu-isu berikut: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) sambungan get logik gambaran keseluruhan sistem picuan penggera set semula sistem (40 markah) Nyatakan empat proses-proses yang boleh berlaku dalam penyesuaian isyarat. (30 markah) 4. (a) Takrifkan apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan pemacu elektrik. Senaraikan bagaimana ianya diklasifikasikan dan berikan dua contoh bagi setiapnya. (30 markah) Suatu motor ujaan berasingan a.t. mempunyai data seperti berikut: K φ = 3.0 V sec ; V = 600.0 V ; R = 2.0 Ω ; I = 5.0 A t Diketahui bahawa arus angker pada beban penuh = 5.0 A, hitung a a 11/-

- 11 - [EEM 355] (i) Kilas terkadar (10 markah) (ii) Kilas mula (10 markah) (iii) Arus mula (10 markah) (iv) (v) Bandingkan kilas mula kepada kilas terkadar dan arus mula kepada arus terkadar. (10 markah) Apakah yang terjadi sekiranya motor beroperasi melebihi suatu tempoh masa? (5 markah) (vi) Andaikan bahawa arus mula perlu dihadkan kepada 6 kali nilai terkadarnya. Cari voltan terminal pada permulaan jika teknik mengubah voltan terminal digunakan untuk mengurangkan arus mula. (10 markah) (vii) Sama seperti 4b-(vi), cari perintang, R yang perlu dtambah ke dalam litar angker jika teknik menambah perintang digunakan untuk mengurangkan arus mula. (10 markah) (viii) Bandingkan kaedah dalam 4b-(vi) dan 4b-(vii). Kaedah yang manakah lebih baik? Kenapa? (5 markah) 12/-

- 12 - [EEM 355] 5. (a) Pergerakan tali konveyor mengufuk memerlukan motor beroperasi dalam dua quadran. Dengan berbantukan gambarajah bersesuaian, kenalpasti dua quadran tersebut dan jelaskan setiap situasi itu dari segi operasi, kilas motor, kilas beban, laju motor dan aliran kuasanya. (40 markah) Pilih satu kaedah dan terangkan beserta dengan contoh kaedah yang dipilih itu yang mana ia boleh digunakan untuk membrek bagi suatu motor aruhan. (30 markah) Suatu motor aruhan 3 fasa, 50 kuasa kuda, 1760 ppm, 440 V, memacu satu beban yang mempunyai jumlah momen inersia sebanyak 25 kg.m 2. Nilai perintang a.t. di antara dua terminal pemegun ialah 0.32 Ω dan arus terkadar motor ialah 62 A. Satu bateri 24 V disambungkan merintangi dua terminal itu bertujuan untuk memberhentikan motor. Hitung (i) Arus a.t. dalam pemegun. (10 markah) (ii) Kuasa yang dilesapkan dalam pemutar. (10 markah) (iii) Purata kilas pemutus jika masa berhenti ialah 4 minit. (10 markah) 6. (a) Terangkan maksud pemacu normal, pemacu gelombang dan pemacu separuhlangkah bagi belitan dwi-polar suatu motor pelangkah. (15 markah) 13/-

- 13 - [EEM 355] Lukis litar pemacu dwi-polar bagi satu fasa. Terangkan kesan perintang luar,, R E dalam litar tersebut. Bagaimanakah untuk menambahbaik kecekapan litar pemacu dwi-polar itu? (35 markah) Suatu motor pelangkah magnet kekal yang digunakan untuk menetapkan kedudukan injap mempunyai spesifikasi seperti berikut: Belitan: dwi-polar Arus: 13 A Rintangan belitan: 60 mω Aruhan belitan: 0.77 mh Kilas penahan: 0.16 Nm Kilas ketika pegun: 9.5 Nm Kilas pada 50 langkah per saat: 8 Nm Langkah per revolusi: 200 Inersia pemutar: 0.7 x 10-3 kg.m 2 Diameter motor: 10. 7 sm Panjang paksi motor: 17.8 sm Berat motor: 9 kg Motor dipacu secara pencencang pada 65 V dan ia menghasilkan kilas 2.2 Nm pada 10 000 langkah per saat. Hitung 14/-

- 14 - [EEM 355] (i) Laju (dalam ppm) motor bila ia berfungsi pada 10 000 langkah per saat. (10 markah) (ii) Kuasa (dalam kuasa kuda) motor bila ia berfungsi pada 10 000 langkah. (10 markah) (iii) Pemalar masa bagi belitan. (10 markah) (iv) Masa untuk mencapai 13 A bila 65 V dikenakan kepada belitan. (20 markah) ooo0ooo