Speaker at the Americas: Decommissioning and Well Abandonment September 23, 2015
TETRA Offshore Services TETRA Offshore Services ISO 9001:2008 Certified 2
Decommissioning Case Study - Agenda A general overview of Decommissioning activities in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) Most frequent issues regarding vessel operations that occur during preparation, removal & disposal stages of projects Types of vessels and required capabilities and technologies that are required for various types of Decommissioning operations Insight into decommissioning of offshore installations from technological and economical perspective What decommissioning methods Tetra Technologies prefers and why Lessons Learned from the most recent projects 3
A General Overview of Decommissioning Decommissioning usually consists of Well Plug & Abandonment, Pipeline Abandonment / Removal, and Structure Removal The GOM Decommissioning Market is the largest in the world Recent estimates over the last 5 years put the recent GOM market at $1.5 to $2 billion spent a year. On Average that is more than 200 structures and 1,200 wells per year. There are roughly 2,600 (1,194 producing) platforms and 9,900 wellbores in water less than 400 feet deep In deeper water, there are approximately 114 structures and 1,000 wells 4
Platform Decommissioning TETRA Offshore Services utilizes Several types of Heavy Lift assets to remove Structures: Shallow Water Sheer Leg or Jackup Vessels Shelf Locations Heavy Lift Anchored Barges Deep Water DP Heavy Lift Assets 5
TETRA Heavy Lift Fleet 6
Platform Abandonment Restoring the Environment One Field at a Time. CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL TETRA Technologies, TETRA Technologies, Inc. Inc. 7
Pipeline Abandonment Various assets can be used for Pipeline Abandonment depending on the size / length of the Pipeline, and the local conditions. Usual Types of Abandonments: Riser to Riser Riser to Sub-Sea Tie-In (SSTI) Subsea Well to Riser / SSTI Typical Work Scope (SS Well to Riser) Attached to Wellhead and flush to platform Processed fluids at platform Cut, plug, and Bury Flowline at Well Cut, cover, and bury Wellhead Control Umbilicals Transit to Platform to Cut, plug, and bury Flowline and Umbilicals 8
Rigless Well Plug & Abandonment PLATFORM BASED LIFT BOAT BASED SUBSEA P&A DSV/ UTILITY BOAT BASED CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL TETRA Technologies, TETRA Technologies, Inc. Inc. 9
Rigless Well Plug & Abandonment - Resources TETRA Specializes in a Riserless P&A Spread Personnel (24 Hour): 2 P&A Supervisor 2 Pump Operators 4 Riggers 1 E-line/Slickline Operator (as needed) Equipment: 1 10k PSI Triplex pump w/ 4 Halliburton valves 1 Double Drum E/L &.092 S/L unit 1 E-line tool box 1 lubricator system with BOP s (10k) 1 60 bbl tank w/ gas buster & choke 1 500ft of hose 1 Pin chart recorder 1 Hose basket with suction, discharge & hydraulic hoses 1 Manual hydraulic pump for opening SCSSV 1 P&A tool box 1 50 bbl Cylindrical cement blender 1 Gas detector and Norm meter 10
Rigless Well Plug & Abandonment Platform Based 11
Rigless Well Plug & Abandonment Liftboat Supported 12
Pipeline Abandonment and Subsea P&A Support DSV Spread (48 berths) 4 Point Dive Support Vessel 6 Man, 1000 Saturation system 2 Integrated Jet Pumps 20 Ton Crane Fugro OARS Positioning system 13
Well Plug & Abandonment Working from a DSV 14
Subsea Well P&A from Dive Support Vessel 15
Subsea Well P&A from Dive Support Vessel 16
Special Projects 17
Special Projects 18
Most Frequent Issues / Preferred Vessel Types POB Limitations Crane Limitations Heave Compensation Preferred Two Cranes for Specialized Work Deckspace Weather Sensitivity Moon Pool(s) ROV Complexity / Downtime Light Well Intervention Package Self Supporting Riser Heave compensated Tower 19
Decommissioning and installation insights from technological and economical perspective The Shallow Water GOM market has been steady over the last few years but the market is being slowly impacted by low oil prices; Operators are only abandoning the absolute minimum The GOM Deep Water Market has been poised to go into Deeper water for at least 8 years but the market is still stagnant Rigless Well Abandonments are limited by design issues with Horizontal Trees which to date have required a significant pulling force to unseat the Crown Plug; this leaves the market to Drill Rigs and Intervention Spreads 20
Issues -- Wellheads Horizontal Tree Include a crown plug for sealing the production bore with plugs that are run into tubing hangers and installed inside the tree. Horizontal Trees have become increasingly popular due to: Lower cost Increased functionality vs. Vertical Trees Flexibility of using larger bore completion Often encounter problems with stuck crown plugs which can require excessive pulling forces. These forces are often greater than pulling capacity of a WL or CT unit and often beyond the wire / tubing strength itself. 21
Preferred Methods - Phased Execution Approach Phase 1 -Project Kick Off, Planning & Site Survey Phase 2 -Well Plug & Abandonment Phase 3 -Pipeline Abandonment Phase 4 -Platform/ Facility Removal Phase 5 -Debris Removal & Final Site Acceptance Phase 6 -Project Closeout 22
Structures(Partially Downed in Hurricane Ike) Water Depth: 430 and 463 FSW Bottom Composition: Stiff clay Piles: 6 and 4 Two Platforms, broken over at 200 and 240 Wells(13 and 10) Several wells were leaking gas at high pressure, requiring a new approach to injecting various types of Kill Weight Fluid 23
EI 371 & 397 Execution 1. Installed wire rope reinforcement and stays on unsound parts of the Jacket for diver safety 2. Conducted Make Safe with large Shears and Grapple to gain access well bay at both locations 3. Hot Tapped and conducted diagnostics on all wells, Injected Kill Weight Fluid 4. All but three wells at EI-397 Abandoned via Rigless P&A 5. The three abnormal wells (junk / sand in hole) were abandoned utilizing a specially designed Coiled Tubing and Riser Spread based from a TETRA DSV with Heave Compensated Crane 6. Flushed and abandoned 7 Pipelines and 5 Umbilicals 7. Rigged both upper Deck and Jacket sections and installed remote Diamond Wire Saws 8. for VB10K lift 9. Cut and pulled all conductors 15 BML 10. Cut Piles at EI-397 and rigged Jacket for VB10K lift 24
EI 371 & 397 25
EI 371 & 397
Cause of Bubbling Wells Over the last four years TETRA Integrated Solutions Group has been addressing a growing percentage of wells requiring specific attention due to the presence of slow but consistent accumulation of gas both inside the production casing and the outer annuli. When the gas pressure is relieved and the wellhead removed it has been noted that the gas is streaming, often slowly but consistently, through small fissures in the annular cement. 27
Bubbling Wells 28
Sample Rigless P&A Program Step 1 Step 2 Flush Trees and Jumper Check Pressures Mob P&A Vessel to Site Inspect Subsea Equipment Lock Open SSCV Pull Jumper and Retrieve to Surface Disconnect EFL and HFL 29
Sample Rigless P&A Program Step 3 Step 4 Pull Tree Debris Cap Rig up Surface P&A Hoses Kill well and Establish Injection Rates Pull Internal Tree Cap 30
Sample Rigless P&A Program Step 5 Step 6 Rig up Subsea Lubricator System (SLS) Rig up P&A Hoses Pull Tubing Hanger Plug P&A Well while ROV manipulates valves 31
Sample Rigless P&A Program Step 7 Step 8 Recover P&A system & SLS to surface ROV to unlock Tree from wellhead Recover Tree to surface Recover wellhead 32
Technologies of Interest Wireline Wellbore Tractors Runs off from Eline power Can pull or push specialty tools such as milling bits 33
Technologies of Interest Crown Plug Pulling TETRA Patented Wireline Crown Plug Pulling Tool Various designs allow for the unit to be launched stand-alone or as part of a lubricator system Radially static land-able jacking sub with separate jacking string which can be connected to a crown plug in a Horizontal Tree Once the exterior cap has been removed and the lubricator has been securely mounted to the wellhead the jacking sub connects via landing shoulder to the crown plug and then hydraulic pressure is applied to the Jacking sub which raises the jacking string and releasing the crown plug. The tool can then be recovered as an assembly. 34
Technologies of Interest Crown Plug Pulling SLS / Jacking Frame Install Subsea Lubricator / Jacking Frame Crown Plug 35
Technologies of Interest Crown Plug Pulling Jacking Sub Install Jacking sub into SLS / Frame Crown Plug 36
Technologies of Interest Crown Plug Pulling Engage Jacking system through these ports Recover Jacking sub into SLS / Frame 37
Technologies of Interest Crown Plug Pulling Locked on Crown Plug Engage and Pull Plug Pressure 38
Contact: Chuck Webb 281-364-2222 cwebb@tetratec.com www.tetratec.com Focused on Energy. Dedicated to Service and Safety.