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Slide 2 / 91 1st Grade Waves 2015-11-20 www.njctl.org
Slide 3 / 91 Table of Contents What are Waves? Click on the topic to go to that section Sound Sight What Happens When Light Hits Certain Objects Shadows Communication
Slide 4 / 91 What are Waves? Return to Table of Contents
Slide 5 / 91 What are Waves? Have you ever been at a beach or a lake and watched the water move up and down and across the shore? Have you listened to someone playing a violin or a guitar and watch the strings move up and down and across?
Slide 6 / 91 What are Waves? In both of those cases, you are seeing waves! The water in the ocean and the string of the guitar move up and down or across in a regular pattern (you never see just one wave at the beach). Can you think of any other times you see something moving like that?
Slide 6 (Answer) / 91 What are Waves? In both of those cases, you are seeing waves! The water in the ocean and the string of the guitar move up and down or across in a regular pattern (you never see just one wave at the beach). Teacher Notes Can you think of any other times you see something moving like that? Students might bring up a slinky, holding on to a rope and wiggling it, waves coming from a moving boat, etc. Some might also talk about light or sound. [This object is a teacher notes pull tab]
Slide 7 / 91 Waves Demo Now we are going to make some waves of our own. If you look down on a bucket full of water, this is what it looks like. The water in the bucket is calm, nothing is moving. But what happens if you drop a rock into the bucket?
Slide 7 (Answer) / 91 Waves Demo Now we are going to make some waves of our own. If you look down on a bucket full of water, this is what it looks like. The water in the bucket is calm, nothing is moving. But what happens if you drop a rock into the bucket? Teacher Notes This is the water wave in a basin demo. Fill the basin with water and drop a rock into the water and see the waves move outwards from that point. [This object is a teacher notes pull tab]
Slide 8 / 91 Water Waves After you dropped the rock, did you see something like this?
Slide 9 / 91 Water Waves The bumps in the water are the wave moving away from where the rock hit the surface of the water. The rock hit the water here! waves
Slide 10 / 91 Water Waves Waves cause an up and down motion in the water. Up Down
Slide 11 / 91 Water Waves It's easier to see this up and down motion here. The red line shows when the water was calm or flat. Can you see that the wave goes above the red line as well as below it?
Slide 12 / 91 1 Can you find waves anywhere other than the beach? Yes No
Slide 12 (Answer) / 91 1 Can you find waves anywhere other than the beach? Yes No Answer Yes [This object is a pull tab]
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Slide 14 / 91 Sound Return to Table of Contents
Slide 15 / 91 Waves & Sound Activity Sound is another type of wave, and these are the waves that we hear as music or people talking or just plain noise!
Slide 15 (Answer) / 91 Waves & Sound Activity Sound is another type of wave, and these are the waves Before proceeding further with the that we hear as music or people talking or just plain noise! Teacher Notes presentation, perform the waves and sound activity lab. Please access the following documents on the teacher section of the NJCTL website: Teacher notes [This object is a teacher notes pull tab]
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Slide 17 / 91 Tuning Fork Tuning forks are pieces of metal which can make different sounds when hit. Handle (Hold it here) Hit this end against hard object Teacher Notes What happens when you hit the tuning fork against your desk?
Slide 18 / 91 Tuning Fork Sound needs something to move through. It moves the "something" very fast up and down or backwards and forwards. This is called a vibration. We can hear this vibration as a sound. Teacher Notes What is the "something" which sound moves through?
Slide 19 / 91 Tuning Fork You should hear something after you hit the tuning fork against the desk. You should hear a sound! This sound comes from the vibration, the movement of the tuning fork! How can you prove the end of the tuning fork is vibrating and that it is making the sound?
Slide 19 (Answer) / 91 Tuning Fork You should hear The students something can prove after the end you of the hit the tuning fork tuning fork is vibrating in two ways. against the desk. You should hear a sound! Teacher Notes 1) Grab the end of the tuning fork and they should feel the vibrations. 2) Place the tip of the tuning fork into a basin of water or something and you should notice ripples. This is from the tuning forks end repeatedly hitting the water! By grabbing the end of the tuning fork they will stop the vibration and they This sound comes should [This from also object hear is a teacher the the vibration, sound notes pull go tab] away. the movement of the tuning fork! How can you prove the end of the tuning fork is vibrating and that it is making the sound?
Slide 20 / 91 Tuning Fork After hitting the tuning fork against the desk, if you grab this end, you should feel the vibrations! Try it!
Slide 21 / 91 Tuning Fork You can also touch the end to a basin of water and see the waves that it will make from hitting the water.
Slide 22 / 91 Tuning Fork By playing with the tuning forks, you should be able to prove for yourself that the sound comes from the movement in the one end of the fork. When you grabbed the end to feel the vibrations, what did you notice happened to the sound and the vibrations?
Slide 23 / 91 Tuning Fork So a tuning fork can produce a sound through vibrations. In this picture, what's different about each of these tuning forks? Do you think they will all sound the same?
Slide 23 (Answer) / 91 Tuning Fork So a tuning fork can produce a sound through vibrations. In this picture, what's different about each of these tuning forks? Teacher Notes The tuning forks are each different lengths and sizes [This object is a teacher notes pull tab] Do you think they will all sound the same?
Slide 24 / 91 Pitch So the longer tuning forks will make a lower pitch and the shorter ones will make a higher pitch. Do you know what "pitch" is? Play with each of the tuning forks and describe what you hear. Each has a different pitch.
Slide 24 (Answer) / 91 Pitch So the longer tuning forks will make a lower pitch and while the shorter tuning forks will the shorter ones will make a higher pitch. Teacher Notes The longer tuning forks will produce a lower pitched sound produce a higher pitched sound, the students should be able to notice the difference. Do you know what "pitch" is? Here is a cool website you can use to show this: Play with each of the tuning forks and describe what you hear. Each http://www.onlinetuningfork.com/ has a different pitch. [This object is a teacher notes pull tab]
Slide 25 / 91 Pitch If you are still confused about what pitch is, let us try to define it in another way. Look at these two dogs. What do you think each of their barks would sound like?
Slide 26 / 91 The big dog will probably have a deep bark! Pitch The puppy will probably have a high squeaky bark! Even though both dogs can bark, their barks will have different pitches.
Slide 27 / 91 Pitch Can you make a sentence which relates this picture to what you have learned about pitch?
Slide 28 / 91 2 Using the ruler given on the right, which tuning fork will give a higher pitch (which is shortest)? A B C D
Slide 28 (Answer) / 91 2 Using the ruler given on the right, which tuning fork will give a higher pitch (which is shortest)? A Answer B B [This object is a pull tab] C D
Slide 29 / 91 3 Using the ruler given on the right, which tuning fork will give a lower pitch (which is longest)? A B C D
Slide 29 (Answer) / 91 3 Using the ruler given on the right, which tuning fork will give a lower pitch (which is longest)? A Answer B C C [This object is a pull tab] D
Slide 30 / 91 Sound Can you name some other objects that make sound by vibrating? We mentioned a guitar in the beginning of this unit. Are there any other instruments that vibrate?
Slide 30 (Answer) / 91 Sound Can you name some other objects that make sound by sheet when struck vibrates. vibrating? Teacher Notes Drums make sound through vibrations, the moving stretched Guitar string vibrates and makes sound. Speakers vibrate back and forth producing sound, this is how your ear buds work! And any other example that deals with vibrations is also good. [This object is a teacher notes pull tab] We mentioned a guitar in the beginning of this unit. Are there any other instruments that vibrate?
Slide 31 / 91 Sound So far we have shown that moving a tuning fork and hitting an object causes vibrations and sound, but can it work in reverse? Can your speakers or ear buds cause an object to move?
Slide 31 (Answer) / 91 Teacher Notes The answer is yes, sound waves can cause motion. Sound So far we have shown that moving a tuning fork and hitting A really an cool object demonstration causes is when vibrations you and sound, but can it have a non-newtonian fluid on a speaker. The sound waves cause work it to jump in around! reverse? Also if you simply place your hand in front of a loud speaker you can feel your hand start to vibrate! Click here for the video. Can http://www.youtube.com/watch? your speakers or ear v=yob0pm2vasg buds cause an object to [This object is a teacher notes pull tab] move?
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Slide 36 / 91 Sight Return to Table of Contents
Slide 37 / 91 Sight: Cave Explorer Activity Let us explore the ability of sight.
Slide 37 (Answer) / 91 Sight: Cave Explorer Activity Teacher Notes This is the Light Cave Explorer Activity. Let us explore the ability of sight. Please access the following documents on the teacher section of the NJCTL website: Teacher notes [This object is a teacher notes pull tab]
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Slide 39 / 91 Sight If we have all the lights turned off in the classroom, can you see anything?
Slide 40 / 91 Sight So if it's dark and you cannot see anything what do you do so you can see?
Slide 40 (Answer) / 91 Sight So if it's dark and you cannot see anything what do you do so you can see? Teacher Notes Get a flashlight and turn it on! Turn on the lights! If you're out camping, you can start a campfire with proper adult supervision, of course. [This object is a teacher notes pull tab]
Slide 41 / 91 Sight If all the lights are on, can you see? So, what must we have so we can see?
Slide 41 (Answer) / 91 Sight Teacher Notes If all the lights are on, can you see? When the students turn on the flashlight they should be able to see the images on the walls and ceilings. If the lights are on, you can see. [This object is a teacher notes pull tab] So, what must we have so we can see?
Slide 42 / 91 Light We can only see an object when there is light. Can you name other sources of light besides this bulb?
Slide 43 / 91 Light Rays of light will move in straight paths until they hit something else. Light can be reflected (bounce off of something) or be absorbed (like a sponge soaking up water) rays of light moving in a straight path
Slide 44 / 91 Sight In order to see a box, you need to have light rays hit the surface of the box and bounce back (be reflected) towards your eye!
Slide 44 (Answer) / 91 Sight Teacher Notes In order to see a box, you need to have light rays hit the surface of the box and bounce back (be reflected) towards your eye! Show how the light is coming from the Sun at the top left, bounces off the box, and then enters the person's eye at the lower left. [This object is a teacher notes pull tab]
Slide 45 / 91 As we said before, if there were no light, you would not be able to see the box. Sight Nothing would be reflected towards your eye and you could not see the box. nothing is reflected This is why we cannot see in the dark!
Slide 46 / 91 4 In order for our eyes to work, we need. A sound B movement C light D glasses
Slide 46 (Answer) / 91 4 In order for our eyes to work, we need. A sound B movement C light D glasses Answer C [This object is a pull tab]
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Slide 48 / 91 What Happens When Light Hits Certain Objects Return to Table of Contents
Slide 49 / 91 Light hitting objects In your everyday lives what are some things that light hits or passes through?
Slide 49 (Answer) / 91 Light hitting objects In your everyday lives what are some things that light hits or passes through? Teacher Notes Answers include mirrors, walls, people, glasses, water, air, cars, almost anything. [This object is a teacher notes pull tab]
Slide 50 / 91 Objects in Light's Path Lab In science, we like to list things, so we can understand what's going on. Light hits 4 different types of objects and acts differently with each one. Here they are: Transparent Objects Translucent Objects Opaque Objects Reflective Objects
Slide 50 (Answer) / 91 Objects in Light's Path Lab In science, we like to list things, so we can understand what's going on. Teacher Notes This is the objects in light's path lab. Please access the following Light hits 4 different types of objects and acts differently documents on the teacher section with each one. Here they are: of the NJCTL website: Transparent Objects Teacher notes Translucent Objects [This object is a teacher notes pull tab] Opaque Objects Reflective Objects
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Slide 52 / 91 Transparent Transparent means something that is clear and allows all light to pass through it. The glass in most windows is transparent. In the image you can see what it looks like outside the window.
Slide 53 / 91 Transparent ALL light passes through a transparent object. Light before hitting transparent object Light after hitting transparent object transparent object
Slide 53 (Answer) / 91 Transparent ALL light passes through a transparent object. Light before hitting transparent object Teacher Notes Here all the light rays pass through the screen. Light after hitting transparent object You can clearly see what is on the other side of the object. [This object is a teacher notes pull tab] transparent object
Slide 54 / 91 Translucent Only some of the light passes through a translucent object. Here's two examples. In these images you can sort of tell what is behind the translucent blocks, but you cannot see clearly.
Slide 55 / 91 Translucent The only way to tell this person is wearing a black and gray striped shirt is by looking here. The rest of the person behind the blocks is difficult to see.
Slide 56 / 91 Translucent SOME light passes through a translucent object. Light before hitting translucent object Light after hitting translucent object translucent object
Slide 56 (Answer) / 91 Translucent SOME light passes through a translucent object. Light before hitting translucent object Teacher Notes Light after hitting translucent object Here it is important to note that not all the light passes through the translucent object. Fewer rays emerge on the other side. [This object is a teacher notes pull tab] translucent object
Slide 57 / 91 Opaque None of the light hitting an opaque object passes through. A box is opaque. If you placed an object in a closed cardboard box, would your friend be able to see what you placed inside of box?
Slide 57 (Answer) / 91 Opaque None of the light hitting an opaque object passes through. A box is opaque. Teacher Notes If you placed an object in a closed cardboard box, would your friend be able to see what you placed inside of box? Your friend would not be able to see the object. You cannot see through cardboard. [This object is a teacher notes pull tab]
Slide 58 / 91 Opaque NO light passes through an opaque object. Light before hitting opaque object Light after hitting opaque object opaque object
Slide 58 (Answer) / 91 Opaque NO light passes through an opaque object. Teacher Notes Light before hitting opaque object Light after hitting opaque object Here it is important to note that none of the light passes through the opaque object. You cannot see what is on the other side, this is the same for a wall as well as many other materials. [This object is a teacher notes pull tab] opaque object
Slide 59 / 91 5 The section that is TRANSPARENT is labeled. A B C
Slide 59 (Answer) / 91 5 The section that is TRANSPARENT is labeled. A B Answer A [This object is a pull tab] C
Slide 60 / 91 6 The section that is OPAQUE is labeled. A B C
Slide 60 (Answer) / 91 6 The section that is OPAQUE is labeled. A B Answer C [This object is a pull tab] C
Slide 61 / 91 7 The section that is TRANSLUCENT is labeled. A B C
Slide 61 (Answer) / 91 7 The section that is TRANSLUCENT is labeled. A B Answer B [This object is a pull tab] C
Slide 62 / 91 8 A red box is placed behind another material. Describe the material in front of the box. A Transparent B Translucent C Opaque
Slide 62 (Answer) / 91 8 A red box is placed behind another material. Describe the material in front of the box. A Transparent B Translucent Answer A C Opaque [This object is a pull tab]
Slide 63 / 91 9 A red box is placed behind another material. Describe the material in front of the box. A Transparent B Translucent C Opaque
Slide 63 (Answer) / 91 9 A red box is placed behind another material. Describe the material in front of the box. A Transparent B Translucent Answer C C Opaque [This object is a pull tab]
Slide 64 / 91 10 A red box is placed behind another material. Describe the material in front of the box. A Transparent B Translucent C Opaque
Slide 64 (Answer) / 91 10 A red box is placed behind another material. Describe the material in front of the box. A Transparent B Translucent Answer B C Opaque [This object is a pull tab]
Slide 65 / 91 Reflective All the light hitting a reflective object bounces off the surface. It is like throwing a ball at a wall and having it come back to you. A mirror is a reflective surface. Here we see two kittens, because the one to the right is the reflection from the mirror!
Slide 65 (Answer) / 91 Reflective All the light hitting a reflective object bounces off the surface. It is like throwing a ball at a wall and having it come back to you. A mirror is a reflective surface. Teacher Notes Here we see two kittens, because the one to the right is the reflection from the mirror! A mirror reflects the light off of the surface.. This is why we are able to see ourselves in a mirror, the light that bounces off of us is reflected back towards us from the mirror. [This object is a teacher notes pull tab]
Slide 66 / 91 Reflective ALL the light bounces off a reflective surface. Light before hitting reflective object Light after hitting reflective object reflective object
Slide 66 (Answer) / 91 Reflective ALL the light bounces off a reflective surface. Teacher Notes Light before hitting reflective object When the light hits the reflective surface, nothing goes through the object, it is all reflected backwards in the direction it came from or at the same angle it struck the mirror. Light after hitting reflective object [This object is a teacher notes pull tab] reflective object
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Slide 69 / 91 Shadows Return to Table of Contents
Slide 70 / 91 Shadows What is a shadow?
Slide 70 (Answer) / 91 Teacher Notes Shadows A shadow is formed when the light is not able to pass through your body. It makes an outline of your body on the ground. It is like tracing your hand with a pencil; you get the outer shape but you cant tell what your hand looks like. This section will follow along with the light materials lab. By going through the experiment again, ask the students to notice the shadows that are formed when the light strikes the objects, or if any are formed. What is a shadow? [This object is a teacher notes pull tab]
Slide 71 / 91 Shadows What will the shadow of an opaque object look like? Light before hitting opaque object Light after hitting opaque object Teacher Notes? opaque object
Slide 72 / 91 Shadows When the light hits the opaque object nothing will pass through and it will form a dark shadow on the other side! Light before hitting opaque object Light after hitting opaque object opaque object Shadow!
Slide 73 / 91 Shadows What will the shadow of a translucent object look like? Light before hitting translucent object Light after hitting translucent object Teacher Notes? translucent object
Slide 74 / 91 Shadows When the light hits the translucent object some of the light will pass through and it will form a shadow on the other side, but it wont be as dark! Light before hitting translucent object Light after hitting translucent object translucent object Shadow!
Slide 75 / 91 Shadows Will a transparent object form a shadow? Light before hitting transparent object Light after hitting transparent object Teacher Notes? transparent object
Slide 76 / 91 Shadows No, the transparent object would not have formed a shadow, all the light passes through! Light before hitting transparent object Light after hitting transparent object transparent object
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Slide 78 / 91 Communication Return to Table of Contents
Slide 79 / 91 Communications When we want to talk to family or friends, we are able to simply pick up a phone, dial a number, and speak into it. Communicating was not always like that.
Slide 80 / 91 Communications In ancient times the means of communicating were as basic as writing a letter and giving it to someone who would run great distances to deliver the message.
Slide 81 / 91 Communications Other means included setting fires to signal certain messages, perhaps the lookout on top of a mountain would set a fire to warn the village below of a possible attack.
Slide 82 / 91 Communications The drumming of certain villages could be used to send messages over great distances. Each rhythm and beat could represent a certain message which others would be able to recognize.
Slide 83 / 91 String Phone Lab You can make a very basic phone using only a couple of styrofoam cups and a string! Give it a try!
Slide 83 (Answer) / 91 String Phone Lab You can make This a very is the basic string phone phone lab. using only a couple of styrofoam cups and a string! Teacher Notes Please access the following documents on the teacher section of the NJCTL website: Lab presentation Student worksheet Teacher notes [This object is a teacher notes pull tab] Give it a try!
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Slide 85 / 91 Communication Not only can we communicate by talking to one another. We can also communicate through patterns, colors, and lights. Can you think of some other examples?
Slide 86 / 91 Communication You could have listed flashing a light, smoke signals like they used to do in the old days, but one of my favorite examples is a traffic light! What does a traffic light communicate?
Slide 87 / 91 11 The light meaning STOP is labeled. A B C
Slide 87 (Answer) / 91 11 The light meaning STOP is labeled. Answer A B C A [This object is a pull tab]
Slide 88 / 91 12 The light meaning GO is labeled. A B C
Slide 88 (Answer) / 91 12 The light meaning GO is labeled. Answer A B C C [This object is a pull tab]
Slide 89 / 91 13 The light meaning SLOW DOWN is labeled. A B C
Slide 89 (Answer) / 91 13 The light meaning SLOW DOWN is labeled. Answer A B C B [This object is a pull tab]
Slide 90 / 91 Communication As a fun classroom activity, you can all play the game red light, green light. Your teacher will have both a red light and a green light which they can turn off and on. You are only allowed to move when the light is green, GO!!! You can not move when the light is red, you have to STOP!!! You have to see who can make it all the way across the room.
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